西藏蚧虫新种记述(同翅目:蚧总科)

本文记述中国科学院科学考察队在我国西藏地区采集到的二种蚧虫新种。新种的正模标本和副模标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。新种描述如下。1.多刺棕榄粉蚧Pedronia acanthodes,新种(图1) 雌成虫:虫体略呈长卵形,体长为1.91—2.03毫米。眼较发达,具有较硬化之眼座。触角通常为7节。触角的第二节和第七节较长。有的个体在触角第七节中部稍稍断开     

中国萤叶甲新种记述(鞘翅目:叶甲科)

本文记述我国萤叶甲亚科新种,计Cneoranidea属1种,Paleosepharia属12种。其中Cn.coryli为害榛树,P.quetcicola为害柞树,其他种类寄主不明。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。1.榛克萤叶甲Cneoranidea coryli,新种 淡黄色;触角黑色,有时黑褐,基部2节光亮,黑褐色,其余各节昏暗;胫节、跗节和腿节端部黑色。     

中国铠甲属Micropeplus一新种(鞘翅目:隐翅虫科:铠甲亚科)(英文)

记述铠甲属一新种,微齿铠甲Micropeplus dentatus,sp.nov.,新种采自浙江省镇姚。新种鞘翅具两条盘脊,体表无刻点,但具革质刻纹,属于tesserula group。这是该类群在我国的第一次纪录。新种与日本种Micropeplus sharpi Sawada极为相似,新种中足胫节内缘具11个小齿与日本种的8个小齿明显不同。新种主要鉴别特征为:头顶中脊发达,鞘翅具伪缘折脊,中足胫节内缘具11个小齿。模式标本保藏在中国科学院动物研究所标本馆内。     

中国武陵山地区淡水钩虾属一新种(甲壳纲:端足目:钩虾科)

记述了采自湖北省宣恩县长潭河的淡水沟虾1新种,溪水钩虾Gammarus riparius sp.nov.。该种隶属于G.balcanicus-group,其鉴别特征为：第2触角鞭节无鞋形感觉器,4－5腹节背部无刺或刚毛。文中对新种的形态特征和与近似种的区别均有详细的论述,并附有详细的特征图。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

贵州栉鞭蝽新种记述：（半翅目：异翅亚目：鞭蝽科）

本文报道贵州省新记录的鞭蝽科(Dipsocoridae)栉鞭蝽属(Ceratocombus Signoret)1新种。模式标本存放于南开大学生物系。贵州栉鞭蝽Ceratocombus guizhouensis Ren et Yang,新种(图1-7) 雄虫及雌虫均为大翅型个体,体淡棕黄色,触角、喙、各足及腹部(除尾节外)为淡黄色。     

刻鞭茧蜂属(Coeloides)一新种

本属已知23种、主要外寄生小蠹幼虫上,其次还寄生象甲、吉丁、窃蠹等幼虫,经济意义重要。其特征为触角的第3,或第3、4,或第3、4、5节的端部前缘向外方突起。我们在整理标本过程中发现此种,经研究认为是新种,记述如下:     

切根虫亚科二新种(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)

本文记述切恨虫亚科的二新种,分别采自西藏和黑龙江。模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所。 1.锈歹夜蛾Diarsia ferruginea新种 翅展40毫米。头部与胸部锈褐色,下唇须外侧红棕色杂少许黑色,触角基节及颈板基部杂有白色及黑色,足腿节与胫节有赭红色毛,跗节外侧黑色,各节端部白色;腹部淡褐     

海南异摇蚊属(双翅目 :摇蚊科)一新种及属征订正(英文)

本文记述采自海南尖峰岭自然保护区异摇蚊属一新种 ,命名为额瘤异摇蚊Xenochironomustuberosussp .nov .新种头部具额瘤 ,腹部第六节背板生有粗大的刚毛 ,肛节背板毛序及生殖节上附器与本属已知种明显有别。依据该新种 ,本文对Cranston等 (1989)所描述的本属鉴别特征予以部分订正。该属在中国系首次记录。     

中国小黑螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲:小黑螨科)(英文)

本文叙述小黑螨属一新种Caligonellatunxiensisspnov，模式标本保存于复旦大学环境和资源生物学系，新种近似C．humilis（Koch），其区别是新种气门均长，背毛相对较短，胫节1外侧感棒长度4倍于内侧感棒。新种亦近似C．geonomaMeyerandUeckermann，其区别是新种腹面基节之间无一光滑梭形的板状区，胫节1外侧感棒长度为内侧感棒的4倍。     

陕西麻虻属一新种(双翅目:虻科)

汉中麻虻,新种Haematopota hanzhongensis sp. nov. 鉴别特征 本新种接近H.kansuensis Krber, 1934,但触角柄节粗,长于梗节和鞭Ⅰ节之和,而后者的柄节短于鞭Ⅰ节。 雌虻 黑色,体长9—11mm,翅长8—9mm。 头部 额灰黑色,近眼缘较浅,具黑毛,杂有灰白毛,侧点前方灰白毛较多,额基宽略     

用离散量预测蛋白质的结构型

基于蛋白质的结构类型决定了它的二级结构序列的概念,用二级结构序列参数Nα,Nβ,Nβaβ,N(βαβ）构成离散源,并计算离散量D（Xα）,D（Xβ）,D（Xα＋β）,利用离散增量预测蛋白质的结构类型,它是由这个蛋白质的离散量D（Xn）与四个标准离散D（Xα）,D（Xβ）,D（Xα／β）,D（Xα＋β）之间离散增量的最小值所决定的,预测结果表明,准确率分别达到84．8％（标准集）和83．3％（检验集）。     

THE FIDELITY OF THE FOSSIL RECORD: THE IMPROBABILITY OF PRESERVATION

Abstract:  The fidelity of the fossil record reflects how accurately it preserves the history of life. Since Darwin's time any mismatch between our theories and the fossil record has been attributed to the imperfections of the record. For over a century scarcity of gradual evolutionary trends was explained in this way until the punctuated equilibrium model was proposed. A null hypothesis that all morphological patterns in the fossil record are unbiased random walks can be rejected because it predicts far more apparent trends than exist. Current best estimates suggest that trends occur in at most 5% of characters. When an organism dies either it becomes fossilized or it doesn't. To be confident a species has not been preserved the probability against preservation must be significantly larger than the total number of individuals of that species that ever existed. For skeletized species preservation was the norm not the exception. Nevertheless, fossils must then avoid subsequent destruction and be discovered to be useful.     

THE ONTOGENY OF CARBONIFEROUS ARTICULATES: THE APEX OF SPHENOPHYLLUM

Twig apices of Sphenophyllum lescurianum, S. constrictum, and two new Sphenophyllum taxa are described in transverse and longitudinal section from middle and upper Pennsylvanian age specimens. In all of the species the single apical cell has the shape of a tetrahedron, with a triangular upper surface and three internal cutting faces. Segment cells are produced from each of the cutting surfaces in a dextrorse or sinistrorse direction, depending upon the species. The central portion of each segment cell contributes to the initiation of the procambium, while the remaining outer portion undergoes a vertical and subsequent horizontal division to form segment cells. Segment cells are aligned in vertical tiers beneath the respective apical cell cutting faces, with the individual leaves positioned directly beneath a tier of segment cells. Leaf primordia are first observed as a series of surface undulations below the apex, with an intercalary meristem located directly beneath each primordium. The vegetative apical organization of Sphenophyllum is demonstrated to be very similar to the type of organization found at the stem tips of Catamites and Equisetum.