钙渗入抑制翠冠梨果实衰老软化作用的生理生化机制

以翠冠梨为试材,研究了采后浸钙对翠冠梨果实贮藏性的影响。结果表明：(1)钙处理可明显降低果实腐烂率,增加果实中钙的含量;(2)翠冠梨采后衰老时,硬度下降,膜脂过氧化物丙二醛含量增多,质膜透性增大,果实硬度与丙二醛含量呈负相关,钙处理可抑制果实的膜脂过氧化作用,降低质膜透性、呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率,延长了翠冠梨货架寿命。其中采后浸10％CaCl2处理延缓果实衰老软化效果最好。     

采后钙处理对梨果实钙的形态和果胶及相关代谢酶类影响的研究

研究了黄花梨经浸钙处理后,果实钙形态转变及果胶含量、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）和果胶甲酯酶（PME）活力的变化,以及果实硬度的变化。结果表明：浸钙处理的果实总钙含量显著提高,其硬度明显高于对照,且有利于细胞膜透性的保持;梨果实中的NaCl溶性钙最多,其次是水溶性钙,醋酸溶性钙和HCl溶性钙含量较少。在果实贮藏21d时,水溶性钙含量有一个上升的过程,而NaCl溶性钙则有一个下降的过程。浸钙处理后,除醋酸溶性钙外,果实中的水、NaCl和HCl溶性钙含量均有显著的提高。浸钙处理明显抑制了果胶的降解进程与PG的活力,但对PME抑制作用不明显。浸钙处理能提高果实硬度可能与浸钙处理抑制了PG活力有关。     

热处理和钙处理对番木瓜果实保鲜效果的比较研究

以海南“中白”品种的番木瓜果实为试材,研究了在常温25℃条件下,热处理和钙处理对番木瓜果实品质和生理效应的影响并对其保鲜效果进行比较分析。结果表明,热处理和钙处理番木瓜均能有效减少失重率,显著遏制果实软化,抑制可溶性固形物（TSS）下降,增强SOD酶活性,抑制丙二醛（MDA）含量积累,其中以50℃热处理和2%钙处理最好,但50℃热处理的保鲜效果比2 %钙处理更显著。     

钙在控制水果采后病害中的应用

钙在果实生长发育中起着非常重要的作用。果实的许多生理失调和病害都与钙在水果组织中的含量有关。钙处理与气调、热处理、生物防治等联用在减少果实采后病害方面发挥了显著的作用。主要论述钙在控制水果采后病害中的作用机理、钙处理的方法、影响果实钙吸收的因素、以及钙与其它防病方法联用的效果。对于钙处理中可能出现的问题,提出了一些可行的解决方法。     

钙在控制水果采后病害中的应用

钙在果实生长发育中起着非常重要的作用。果实的许多生理失调和病害都与钙在水果组织中的含量有关。钙处理与气调、热处理、生物防治等联用在减少果实采后病害方面发挥了显著的作用。主要论述钙在控制水果采后病害中的作用机理、钙处理的方法、影响果实钙吸收的因素、以及钙与其它防病方法联用的效果。对于钙处理中可能出现的问题 ,提出了一些可行的解决方法     

钙对不同成熟期番茄果实的PG活性及其合成的影响

本文研究了钙处理不同成熟期番茄果实对果壁组织中钙含量与转化、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性与 PG 合成的影响。结果表明,钙处理绿熟期的番茄果实可使总钙和可溶性钙含量明显增加,并较多转化为结合钙;后期处理,进入和转化的钙都减少。同样,钙处理愈早,对果实 PG 活性的抑制愈强,绿熟期处理可完全抑制 PG 活性。凝胶电泳结合钌红染色,证明绿熟期果实无 PG,PG 是在果实成熟过程中新合成的。钙处理愈早,对 PG 合成的抑制愈强,绿熟期钙处理可完全抑制 PG 合成。     

钙处理对中华猕猴桃果实后熟过程的影响

研究了采后钙处理对中华猕猴桃果实的还原性Vc、还原糖、蛋白质及半乳精醛酸酶（PG）活性的影响。果实采后钙处理,能抑制PG酶的活性,延缓果实的衰老,同时保持果实的良好品质。利用中华猕猴桃对钙处理的适宜浓度范围较大的特性,可根据市场不同时期的需求采用不同浓度的钙处理。     

钙处理对中华猕猴桃果实后熟过程的影响

研究了采用钙处理对中华猕猴桃果实的还原性Ｖｃ,还原糖,蛋白质及半乳糖醛酸酶活性的影响,果实采后钙处理,能抑制ＰＧ酶的活性,延缓果实的衰老,同时保持果实的良好品质,利用中华猕猴桃对钙处理的适宜浓度范围较大的特性,可根据市场不同时期的需求采用不同浓度的钙处理。     

采前果面喷施钙制剂对苹果果实品质的影响北大核心CSCD

以‘富士’、‘金冠’和‘粉红女士’3个苹果品种为试验材料,并用氯化钙、硝酸钙和氨基酸钙3种钙制剂在采前30 d对果实进行喷施处理,采用常规方法测定基本果实品质指标,应用顶空固相微萃取及气相色谱质谱联用技术等测定果实香气等13项品质指标,并结合主成分分析和线性加权求和等方法对钙制剂处理的果实品质进行综合评价,以探究比较钙制剂对不同品种苹果果实品质的改进效果,为提高苹果果实品质和品种改良提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)采前钙处理对‘富士’和‘金冠’的单果重影响不显著,但‘粉红女士’采用氯化钙和氨基酸钙处理后单果重显著上升。(2)采前用氯化钙处理显著提高了苹果果实的糖酸比和硬度等;硝酸钙处理能够显著提高果皮亮度和色泽饱和度等;氨基酸钙处理则显著提升了果实的各类香气物质含量。(3)主成分分析和综合评价结果显示,经氯化钙、硝酸钙和氨基酸钙处理后,各品种苹果果实品质的综合得分均高于对照,且以氨基酸钙处理后果实的品质综合得分最高。研究发现,采前30 d钙处理可有效提升苹果果实的色泽、糖酸比、硬度以及香气等品质,且以氨基酸钙的处理效果最佳,而且对‘粉红女士’苹果果实品质的提升效果最为明显。     

根系输液改善妃子笑荔枝钙营养的研究

在妃子笑果实膨大期,用CaCl2进行根系输液、果实蘸果及树冠喷施三种不同的补钙处理,研究不同补钙方式对改善妃子笑荔枝钙营养的作用。结果表明,用CaCl2根系输液,能够显著改善树体钙素营养,果皮和叶片的钙含量比对照分别提高了85.19%和50.28%,效果显著好于树冠喷施和果实浸蘸。与对照相比,果实浸蘸、树冠喷施也有显著改善钙营养的作用,果皮和叶片的钙含量比对照分别提高了33.48%、8.85%和28.43%、51.54%。综合比较三种补钙方式的效果,根系输液好于蘸果,蘸果处理好于树冠喷施。     

采后钙处理对荔枝果实过氧化物酶活性、呼吸率及乙烯生成的影响

荔枝果实采后用钙处理,结果表明,适当地提高果实钙含量,可以抑制过氧化物酶的活性,降低呼吸作用及乙烯的生成,达到延缓衰老的目的。本实验以8％钙处理效果最佳。     

钙处理对枇杷果实采后若干生理指标影响初报

不同浓度(0.2%、0.5%、0.8%)CaCl₂溶液处理采后的枇杷果实,能抑制果实呼吸,减少乙烯释放,降低细胞膜透性。     

Ethylene Production and Respiration of Postharvest Acid Citrus Fruits and Wase Satsuma Mandarin Fruit

Ethylene production and respiratory rate were examined in acid citrus fruits such as yuzu, seedless yuzu and daidai, and wase satsuma mandarin. A large amount of ethylene was produced from four varieties of citrus fruits harvested from May to July but not after September. A rise in ethylene production did not always coincide with a rise in respiratory rate. Excised tissues of fruits contained the ability of ethylene production throughout the developmental stages. The endogenous ethylene level at the ripening stage, reached the maximum when the color changed from green to yellow.     

Effect of some plant growth regulator treatments on apple fruit ripening

The activity of IAA oxidase (IAAox), peroxidases (POD), and polyphenoloxidases (PPO), as affected by different pre-harvest growth regulator treatments (ABA, AVG, NAA, PDJ), was determined in on-tree ripening apples (cv. Golden Delicious) before and during the ethylene climacteric. The production of ethylene was inhibited by AVG and delayed by NAA, whereas ABA and PDJ treatments caused, in the on-tree remaining fruits, a marked fruit drop and a decrease or a slight increase in ethylene levels respectively. While all treatments reduced POD activity, jasmonate increased IAAox and PPO activity. The inhibitory effect of NAA on all enzyme activity seems related to interference with C₂H₂ action or to a reduced sensitivity of the fruit abscission zone tissues to the hormone. The observed high fruit drop induced by ABA treatment made it impossible to detect differences in enzyme activity. AVG-treated fruits showed no substantial effects on IAAox and PPO activity in comparison to the control, a finding that seems to be related to a delay in all senescence processes caused by the very low level of the inhibited ethylene production. In control fruits IAAox activity increased during the initial ripening stages and decreased thereafter, POD activity increased throughout ripening and PPO showed little variation.     

钙对黄果柑果实3种抗氧化酶活性的影响

黄果柑为桔和橙的天然杂交种。以5年生黄果柑果树为材料,设置9个不同钙处理,研究钙对黄果柑果实成熟后期3种抗氧化酶(CAT、POD和SOD)活性的影响。结果表明:叶面、果面喷钙后增大了黄果柑成熟后叶片、果皮和果肉中钙的含量,且显著高于CK。钙处理后黄果柑果实抗氧化酶活性显著高于CK,果实成熟后10 d CAT和SOD活性出现一个高峰,之后迅速降低。果实成熟后POD活性显著低于对照,但始终保持较高水平。表明钙能有效地调控黄果柑果实3种抗氧化酶的活性,增强黄果柑果实活性氧清除能力。综合比较不同钙处理对黄果柑果实SOD、POD和CAT活性影响可见,以1.0 g/L氯化钙对3种抗氧化酶活性的调控作用最有效。     

1-MCP对室温贮藏下不同成熟度猕猴桃的生理效应

以适期采收(成熟度Ⅰ)和晚采收(成熟度Ⅱ)的'海沃德'猕猴桃果实为材料,研究0.5 μL·L~(-1) 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对室温贮藏(20℃)条件下两种果实的生理生化指标的影响.结果显示:1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理能有效延缓贮藏期间两种成熟度果实的硬度、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量的下降,显著降低二者的乙烯释放速率和呼吸强度及其峰值,提高果实的POD、CAT和SOD活性.与成熟度Ⅰ相比,成熟度Ⅱ果实的硬度下降较快,且丙二醛含量和呼吸速率却明显较高,呼吸速率和乙烯释放量高峰时间相对提前.研究表明,在相同的贮藏条件下,晚采收的'海沃德'猕猴桃果实成熟衰老进程明显快于适期采收果实,贮藏效果较差;1-MCP能够明显延长猕猴桃果实的贮藏时间,表现出显著的保鲜效果.     

钙对香蕉采后果实呼吸的影响

本实验对香蕉成熟过程中水溶性钙的变化及CaCl_2溶液真空浸渗处理对香蕉果实呼吸作用的影响进行研究,结果表明,香蕉成熟期间,水溶性钙含量随成熟度的提高而增加,果实呼吸跃变上升前期,水溶性钙的增加尤为明显,果皮和果肉中水溶性钙含量与采后成熟天数呈正相关。以0.05mol/l和0.1mol/l CaCl_2溶液真空浸渗,可使香蕉果实呼吸跃变高峰延迟,但没有明显降低跃变峰值。     

Ethylene action blockade and cold storage affect ripening of ‘Golden’ papaya fruit

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of ethylene action blockade and cold storage on the ripening of ‘Golden’ papaya fruit. Papayas harvested at maturity stage 1 (up to 15% yellow skin) were evaluated. Half of the fruits, whether treated or not treated with 100 nL L⁻¹ of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), were stored at 23°C, while the other half were stored at 11°C for 20 days prior to being stored at 23°C. Non-refrigerated fruits receiving 1-MCP application presented a reduction in respiratory activity, ethylene production, skin color development and pectinmethylesterase activity. Even with a gradual increase in ethylene production at 23°C, fruits treated with 1-MCP maintained a high firmness, but presented a loss of green skin color. Cold storage caused a decrease in ethylene production when fruits were transferred to 23°C. The results suggest that pulp softening is more dependent on ethylene than skin color development, and that some processes responsible for loss of firmness do not depend on ethylene.     

Wound ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in ripening tomato fruit

Ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) levels and ACC-synthase activity were compared in intact and wounded tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at different ripening stages. Freshly cut and wounded pericarp discs produced relatively little ethylene and had low levels of ACC and of ACC-synthase activity. The rate of ethylene synthesis, the level of ACC and the activity of ACC synthase all increased manyfold within 2 h after wounding. The rate of wound-ethylene formation and the activity of wound-induced ACC synthase were positively correlated with the rate of ethylene production in the intact fruit. When pericarp discs were incubated overnight, wound ethylene synthesis subsided, but the activity of ACC synthase remained high, and ACC accumulated, especially in discs from ripe fruits. In freshly harvested tomato fruits, the level of ACC and the activity of ACC synthase were higher in the inside parts of the fruit than in the pericarp. When wounded pericarp tissue of green tomato fruits was treated with cycloheximide, the activity of ACC synthase declined with an apparent half life of 30–40 in. The activity of ACC synthase in cycloheximide-treated, wounded pericarp of ripening tomatoes declined more slowly.Abbreviation ACC 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid