Spongiibacter pelagi sp. nov., a marine gammaproteobacterium isolated from coastal seawater

A novel gammaproteobacterium, designated as KMU-158^T, was isolated from seawater collected on the coastline of Dadaepo in the Republic of Korea, and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain KMU-158^T was Gram-staining-negative, pale beige-colored, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, and chemoorganoheterotrophic. The novel isolate was able to grow at 0–3% NaCl concentrations (w/v), pH 6.5–9.5, and 15–40 °C. The analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KMU-158^T belongs to the family Spongiibacteraceae and shared the highest similarity with Spongiibacter tropicus CL-CB221^T (96.1%). The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) and C_17:1 ω8c. The only respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone-8. The polar lipids of strain KMU-158^T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and two unidentified lipids. The assembled draft genome size of strain KMU-158^T was 3.29 Mbp with a DNA G?+?C content of 51.3%. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values of KMU-158^T and the representatives of the genus Spongiibacter were found to be 78.5–79.1%, 13.8–14.1%, and 66.6–66.8%, respectively. From the distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic, and chemotaxonomic properties, the strain KMU-158^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Spongiibacter, for which the name Spongiibacter pelagi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species S. pelagi sp. nov. is KMU-158^T (=?KCCM 90448^T?=?NBRC 114307^T).

     

Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov., an obligate marine bacterium isolated from seawater

A marine bacterial strain, designated OB44-3^T, was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated seawater sample collected near Dalian Bay, China. Cells of strain OB44-3^T were Gramnegative, aerobic, rod-shaped, and oxidase- and catalasepositive. The major fatty acids were branched-chain saturated iso-C_15:0 (27.9%) and unsaturated iso-C_17:1 ω9c (14.8%). The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain OB44-3^T was a member of the genus Luteimonas (95–96% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity); its closest neighbors were the type strains of Luteimonas terricola (96% sequence similarity), Luteimonas mephitis (96%), and Luteimonas lutimaris (96%). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain OB44-3^T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Luteimonas. The name Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain OB44-3^T (=CGMCC 1.12191^T =JCM 18136^T) as the type strain.     

Cysteiniphilum marinum sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater

Six aerobic Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from seawater in Guangdong Province, P.R. China. Cells were observed to be Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and non-spore forming. Growth of the designated type strain 19X3-30^T occurred at a temperature range of 14–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), a pH range of 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7) and up to 7.5% NaCl (optimum, 1.5%; w/v), and was enhanced by CO₂ and L-cysteine supplementation. The major polar lipids identified in strain 19X3-30^T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The principal cellular fatty acids profile showed the presence of anteiso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_17:0 and C_18:0 (>?8% of total fatty acids), and the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (UQ-8). According to the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains represented a novel species within the family Fastidiosibacteraceae, sharing maximum similarities with Cysteiniphilum litorale DSM 101832^T (96.6%) and Cysteiniphilum halobium DSM 103992^T (95.3%). Phylogenetic dendrograms based on 16S rRNA gene and protein marker genes from the genomic sequences both indicated that the strains formed a monophyletic lineage closely linked to the genus Cysteiniphilum, which was also supported by the UPGMA dendrogram based on the MALDI-TOF MS profile. The genomic DNA G?+?C contents of six strains ranged from 38.0% to 38.1%. Based on different taxonomic genomic metrics, phylogeny and phenotypic features, we propose that the strains warrant the assignment to a novel species, for which the name Cysteiniphilum marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 19X3-30^T (=?KCTC 82154^T?=?CGMCC 1.18585^T).

     

Oleispira lenta sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium isolated from Yellow sea coastal seawater in Qingdao, China

The taxonomic position of strain DFH11^T, which was isolated from coastal seawater off Qingdao, People’s Republic of China in 2007, was determined. Strain DFH11^T comprised Gram-negative, motile, strictly aerobic spirilli that did not produce catalase. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DFH11^T shared ~97.2, 93.3, 91.8, 91.7 and 91.5% sequence similarities with Oleispira antarctica, Spongiispira norvegica, Bermanella marisrubri, Oceaniserpentilla haliotis and Reinekea aestuarii, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments indicated that the strain was distinct from its closest phylogenetic neighbour, O. antarctica. The strain grew optimally in 2–3% (w/v) NaCl, at pH 5.0–10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and between 0 and 30°C (optimum growth temperature 28°C). The strain exhibited a restricted substrate profile, with a preference for aliphatic hydrocarbons, that is consistent with its closest phylogenetic neighbour O. antarctica. Growth of the isolate at different temperatures affected the cellular fatty acid profile. 28°C cultured cells contained C_16:1ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH (50.4%) and C_16:0 (19.2%) as the major fatty acids. However, the major fatty acids of the cells cultured at 4°C were C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c (40.2%), C_16:0 (17.2%) and C_17:1ω8c (10.1%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.7 mol%. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequences together with data from DNA–DNA hybridization, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization revealed that DFH11^T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Oleispira, for which the name Oleispira lenta sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain DFH11^T (=NCIMB 14529^T = LMG 24829^T).     

Maricurvus nonylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a nonylphenol-degrading bacterium isolated from seawater

A novel aerobic, Gram-negative bacterial strain, designated KU41E(T), which degrades p-n-nonylphenol, was isolated from seawater obtained from the coastal region of Ishigaki Island, Japan. Cells are motile, curved rods with a single polar flagellum. Strain KU41E(T) grew at 20-35 °C, pH 7.0-8.0, in the presence of 1.0-4.0% NaCl. The predominant respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-8, and the major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C(15:0) iso 2OH and/or C(16:1) ω7c, 28.4%), C(18:1) ω7c (19.8%), and C(16:0) (17.0%). The DNA G + C content was 48.6 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain KU41E(T) is affiliated with the order Alteromonadales within the class Gammaproteobacteria and is most closely related to Pseudoteredinibacter isoporae SW-11(T) (93.6% similarity) and Teredinibacter turnerae T7902(T) (91.9% similarity). On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic data, strain KU41E(T) is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Maricurvus nonylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. nonylphenolicus is KU41E(T) (=JCM 17778(T)).     

Glaciecola aquimarina sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from coastal seawater

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, GGW-M5^T, was isolated from seawater on the southern coast in Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain GGW-M5^T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GGW-M5^T belonged to the genus Glaciecola, joining the cluster comprising the type strains of G. agarilytica, G. arctica, G. chathamensis, G. mesophila, G. polaris and G. psychrophila, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.9–96.7 %. Strain GGW-M5^T exhibited sequence similarity values of 93.2–94.8 % to the type strains of the other Glaciecola species. Strain GGW-M5^T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH, C_16:0 and C_14:0 2-OH as the major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 42.4 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain GGW-M5^T could be distinguished from other Glaciecola species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GGW-M5^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Glaciecola, for which the name Glaciecola aquimarina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GGW-M5^T (=KCTC 32108^T = CCUG 62918^T).     

Paenibacillus marinisediminis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from marine sediment

A Gram-negative, nonmotile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain LHW35^T, which belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, was isolated from marine sediment collected from the south coast of the Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LHW35^T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taiwanensis G-soil-2-3^T (97.2% similarity). The optimal growth conditions for strain LHW35^T were 37°C, pH 6.0, and 0% (w/v) NaCl. The main isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major polyamine was spermidine. The diamino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 and C_16:0. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified amino-hospholipids, unidentified phospholipids, and unidentified polar lipids. A DNA-DNA hybridization experiment using the type strain of P. taiwanensis indicated <40% relatedness. The DNA G+C content was 45.0 mol%. Based on these phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses, strain LHW35^T should be classified as a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus marinisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LHW35^T (=KACC 16317^T =JCM 17886^T).     

Lentilitoribacter donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a slowly-growing alphaproteobacterium isolated from coastal seawater

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod- or short rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated BH-4^T, was isolated from coastal seawater in the East Sea, South Korea. Strain BH-4^T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain BH-4^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (96.5 %) to Hoeflea phototrophica NCIMB 14078^T. It exhibited 94.2–95.5, 94.7 and 93.8 % sequence similarity values to the type strains of the other Hoeflea species, Ahrensia kielensis and Pseudahrensia aquimaris, respectively. Neighbor-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees revealed that strain BH-4^T clustered with the type strains of A. kielensis and P. aquimaris. Strain BH-4^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone as shown in the genera Ahrensia, Pseudahrensia and Hoeflea. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain BH-4^T were distinguished from those of members of the genera Ahrensia, Pseudahrensia and Hoeflea. The DNA G + C content was 49.3 mol%, lower than those of the type strains of P. aquimaris and Hoeflea species. The phylogenetic data, differential chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain BH-4^T constitutes a new genus and species within the Alphaproteobacteria, for which the name Lentilitoribacter donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Lentilitoribacter donghaensis is BH-4^T (=KCTC 32082^T = CCUG 62792^T).     

Pseudomonas xanthomarina sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from marine ascidian

Two Pseudomonas-like yellow-orange-pigmented non-fluorescent denitrifying strains KMM 235 and KMM 1447T were isolated from marine ascidian specimens and investigated by a polyphasic approach to clarify their taxonomic status. On the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequence data the new isolates clustered with the Pseudomonas stutzeri species group with sequence similarities of >98%. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and biochemical characterization showed genetic and phenotypic distinction between strains KMM 235 and KMM 1447T and from the other validly described Pseudomonas species. Strain KMM 235 was found to be closely related to the type strain of Pseudomonas stutzeri in their phenotypic and genetic characteristics and represented, probably, a new P. stutzeri genomovar. It is proposed that strain KMM 1447T be classified as a new species of the genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas xanthomarina sp. nov., with the type strain KMM 1447T (=JCM 12468T=NRIC 0617T=CCUG 46543T).     

Oceaniferula marina gen.nov., sp.nov., an anti-fluoroquinolone bacterium isolated from marine sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-gliding and non-motile bacterium designated as N1E253T, was isolated from marine sediments collected from the coast of...     

Grimontia marina sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the Yellow Sea

A novel species belonging to the genus Grimontia is described in this study. A Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, obligately aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile by a single polar flagellum, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated IMCC5001^T, was isolated from surface seawater of the Yellow Sea. Strain IMCC5001^T grew optimally at 30°C in the presence of 3.5% NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was related most closely to Grimontia hollisae with a sequence similarity of 95.8%, and formed a robust phyletic lineage with Grimontia hollisae. Differential physiological characteristics between the new strain and Grimontia hollisae KCCM 41680^T and chemotaxonomic characterization including determination of DNA G+C content, fatty acid methyl esters, quinone composition, and polar lipid profiles justified the assignment of strain IMCC5001^T to the genus Grimontia as a novel species. In conclusion, strain IMCC5001^T represents a new species, for which the name Grimontia marina sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain IMCC5001^T (=KCTC 22666^T =NBRC 105794^T).     

Geojedonia litorea gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from coastal seawater

A Gram-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped, coccoid or filamentous bacterial strain, designated YCS-16^T, was isolated from coastal seawater from a seaweed farm on the South Sea, South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. Strain YCS-16^T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain YCS-16^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to the type strains of Bizionia echini (96.1 %), Formosa spongicola (95.8 %), Bizionia algoritergicola (95.5 %) and Psychroserpens mesophilus (95.4 %). Neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YCS-16^T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Psychroserpens species. Strain YCS-16^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_17:0 3-OH, iso-C_15:1 G and iso-C_15:0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain YCS-16^T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain YCS-16^T was determined to be 35.7 mol%. The phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain YCS-16^T constitutes a new genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Geojedonia litorea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Geojedonia litorea is YCS-16^T (=KCTC 32260^T = CCUG 63682^T).     

Marinobacter lutaoensis sp. nov., a thermotolerant marine bacterium isolated from a coastal hot spring in Lutao,Taiwan

A heterotrophic and thermotolerant marine bacterium, designated strain T5054, was isolated from a hot spring on the coast of Lutao, Taiwan. It was a strictly aerobic, Gram-negative rod. Cells grown in broth cultures were non-spore-forming and motile by means of one to several polar flagella. It seems that pilus-like structures were produced from both poles of the cells. Strain T5054 required Na+ for growth and exhibited optimal growth at about 45 degrees C, pH 7, and 3-5% NaCl. It contained iso-C15:0 as the most abundant fatty acid and ubiquinone-8 as the only isoprenoid quinone. Its genomic DNA G+C content was 63.5 mol%. The strain did not require vitamins or other organic growth factors, and it grew on glucose, mannitol, and a variety of organic acids and amino acids as sole carbon sources. Characterization data, together with the results of a 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis, indicated that strain T5054 could be classified as a new species in the genus Marinobacter. The name Marinobacter lutaoensis sp. nov. is proposed for this new bacterium. The type strain is T5054 (CCRC 17087; JCM 11179).     

Winogradskyella multivorans sp. nov., a polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from seawater of an oyster farm

A novel bacterial strain, designated T-Y1^T, capable of degrading a variety of polysaccharides was isolated from seawater of an oyster farm in the South Sea, Korea. It was found to be aerobic, Gram-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped. Strain T-Y1^T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain T-Y1^T belonged to the genus Winogradskyella. Strain T-Y1^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.0–96.8 % to the type strains of recognized Winogradskyella species and less than 94.5 % to other validly named species. The chemotaxonomic data concurred with the phylogenetic inference. Strain T-Y1^T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1 G and iso-C_16:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain T-Y1^T were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 36.2 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic distinctiveness, enabled strain T-Y1^T to be differentiated from the recognized Winogradskyella species. On the basis of the data presented here, strain T-Y1^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella multivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T-Y1^T (=KCTC 23891^T = CCUG 62216^T).     

Virgibacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from sea water

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain JSM 079157^T, was isolated from surface seawater off the coastline of Naozhou Island in South China Sea. The organism was able to grow with 1–15% (w/v) total salts (optimum, 4–7%), and at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 10–45°C (optimum, 30°C). meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 (45.1%) and anteiso-C_17:0 (16.2%), and the DNA G + C content was 39.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain JSM 079157^T should be assigned to the genus Virgibacillus, being related most closely to the type strains of Virgibacillus litoralis (97.4% sequence similarity), Virgibacillus necropolis (97.3%) and Virgibacillus carmonensis (97.1%). These four strains formed a distinct subcluster in the phylogenetic tree. The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between the new isolate and the type strains of V. litoralis, V. necropolis and V. carmonensis were 30.4, 19.3 and 12.6%, respectively. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, combined with DNA–DNA relatedness data, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic information, support the suggestion that strain JSM 079157^T represents a new species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSM 079157^T (=DSM 21084^T = KCTC 13227^T).