Short arm deletion of chromosome 14

Summary 3 cases with a Do-chromosome, designated by autoradiography as a No. 14, are presented by the authors. The first case was a mentally retarded boy with minor malformations. Cases 2 and 3 had normal phenotypes and were detected by cytogenetic investigation of family members of a mentally retarded boy with a ring G chromosome. The 14 p-was the only caryotype abnormality in the father (case 2). It was associated with other abnormalities in the daughter (case 3) who had a D/G translocation of the centric fusion type (46, XX, 15-,21-, t(15p21p)+, t(15q21q)+).

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Zusammenfassung 3 Fälle mit einem Dp-Chromosom, das durch Autoradiographie als ein Nr. 14 identifiziert werden konnte, werden dargestellt. In dem ersten Fall bestanden Debilität und unbedeutende morphologische Anomalien. Fall 2 und 3 hatten einen normalen Phänotyp und wurden im Verlaufe von cytogenetischen Untersuchungen von Familienangehörigen eines debilen Jungen mit einem Ring 22 entdeckt. Das 14p-Chromosomwar die einzige Anomalie im Karyoy[ des Vaters (Fall 2). Bei der Tochter (Fall 3) bestand außerdem eine D/G-Translokation (46,XX,15-,21-,t(15p21p)+,t(15q21q)+).

     

Inherited (13; 14) translocation and reproduction

Summary An inherited translocation chromosome t(13;14) was found in three unrelated families which showed strikingly different types of reproductive disturbances possible associated with the translocation chromosome. Two translocation carrier sisters on the first family had four pregnancies of which one yielded a severely malformed child with a translocation D trisomy and three pregnancies terminated in spontaneous abortions. In the second family the translocation carrier mother had had seven spontaneous abortions, one induced abortion and no normal pregnancies. The foetus of the induced abortion had, unexpectedly, a balanced translocation karyotype identical to the mother's. No obvious ill effects of the translocation chromosome were encountered in the third family, in which the translocation was first detected in a girl with typical Down's syndrome. She had 21-trisomy and the t(13;14) translocation. Special attention was paid to the morphology of the translocation chromosome and to the structure of the centromeres using the G-, C- and Q-banding techniques. The translocation chromosome was, however, identical in all three families and it was considered to be a result of an unequal reciprocal translocation of the affected D chromosomes; t(13;14) (q12;p12). The need of prenatal chromosome analyses in pregnancies of D/D-translocation carriers is briefly discussed.

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Zusammenfassung In drei nicht miteinander verwandten Familien wurde ein vererbtes Translokationschromosom gefunden, wobei die Familien auffallend verschiedene Typen von Fortpflanzungsstörungen aufwiesen, die möglicherweise mit dem Translokationschromosom zusammenhängen. Zwei Schwestern der ersten Familie waren Translokationsträger und hatten vier Schwangerschaften, von denen eine ein schwer mißgebildetes Kind mit einer Translokations D-Trisomie erbrachte. Die drei anderen Schwangerschaften endeten mit Fehlgeburten. In der zweiten Familie hatte die Mutter als Translokationsträgerin sieben Fehlgeburten gehabt, davon einen induzierten Abort und keine normalen Schwangerschaften. Der Fetus aus der Schwangerschaftsunterbrechung hatte unerwarteterweise eine balancierte Translokation analog zu der der Mutter. In der dritten Familie, in der die Translokation zuerst bei einem Mädchen mit typischem Down-Syndrom entdeckt worden war, konnte kein schädlicher Effekt des Translokationschromosoms nachgewiesen werden. Das Mädchen hatte eine Trisomie 21 und die t(13;14)-Translokation. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wurde der Morphologie des Translokationschromosoms und der Struktur der Zentromeren gewidmet. Die G-, C- und Q-Bandentechnik zeigte, daß das Translokationschromosomen in allen drei Familien identisch war. Es war als Ergebnis einer ungleichen reziproken Translokation der betroffenen D-Chromosomen; t(13;14) (q12;p12) anzusehen. Die Frage der Notwendigkeit der pränatalen Chromosomendiagnostik bei Schwangerschaften von D/D-Translokationsträgern wird kurz besprochen.

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Supported by grants from the Foundation for Pediatric Research, the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, and the National Research Council for Medical Sciences, Finland.     

Unbalanced Robertsonian translocations associated with Down's syndrome or Patau's syndrome: Chromosome subtype,proportion inherited,mutation rates,and sex ratio

Summary Summary data are presented on 168 D/21 and 131 G/21 translocation trisomies reported to the New York State Chromosome Registry. By combining these data with others from the literature it is estimated that about 59% of D/21 cases are the result of mutation in the parental generation; the rest are translocations inherited from parental carriers (39% maternal, 3% paternal). The proportion of mutants is about 10% greater for 14/21 cases and significant lower for 13/21 cases. Of G/21 cases 93% are mutant, about 6% of maternal origin, and 1% of paternal origin. All the mutant cases involve 21/21 rearrangements. Estimated mutation rates per 10⁵ gametes for translocation trisomies in affected livebirths are 0.1 for 21/13, 0.5 to 0.9 for 21/14, and 1.1 to 1.4 for 21/21. The rates for 21/15 and 21/22 translocation trisomies are probably all conservatively less than 0.1 per 10⁵ gametes. Of interchange trisomy Patau's syndrome, about 60% of cases are mutant; the rest are translocations inherited from a parental carrier (about 25% for 13/13 cases and about 45% for 13/14 cases. The estimated mutation rates for 13/13 and 13/14 interchange trisomies are each about 0.5 per 10⁵ gametes; the rate for 13/15 interchange trisomies is less than 0.1 per 10⁵ gametes. A male excess is observed for D/21 (sex ratio=1.70), and G/21 (sex ratio=1.38) interchange Down's syndrome, and a female excess for D/13 interchange Patau's syndrome (sex ratio =0.77), trends similar to those seen in the respective 47, trisomies associated with these phenotypes.     

On the distinction between chromosomes No. 21 and No. 22 by the C-banding pattern

Summary Chromosome No. 21 consistently shows a lighter C band at the centromere than chromosome No. 22, allowing reliable differentiation. This distinction was demonstrated in karyotypes with centric fusions t(Dq 21q), trisomy 21 and by comparing the C-and Q-band polymorphism of the short arms of the G chromosomes.

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Zusammenfassung Chromosom 21 weist stets eine schwächere C-Bande am Zentromer auf als Chromosom 22, wodurch diese Chromosomen eindeutig unterscheidbar sind. Belegt wird dieser Befund durch Karyotypen mit zentrischer Fusion t(Dq21q), Trisomie 21, und durch einen Vergleich des C-und Q-Banden-Polymorphismus der kurzen Arme.

     

Identification of D/D translocations in mentally retarded patients

Summary Routine chromosome analysis of two patients with severe mental retardation revealed two 45,D-,D-,t(DqDq)+karyotypes. With the aid of a Giemsa banding technique the translocation chromosomes were identified as a t(13q14q) and a t(14q15q).

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Zusammenfassung Eine Routine-Chromosomenanalyse von zwei Patienten mit geistiger Retardation zeigte zwei 45,D-,D-,t(DqDq)+-Karyotypen. Mit Hilfe einer Giemsamusterfärbung war es möglich, die respektiven Translokationschromosomen als t(13q14q) und t(14q15q) zu identifizieren.

     

The occurrence of G-6-PD union in Thailand

Summary Partially purified G-6-PD from 4 deficient Thai males presenting with acute hemolytic anemia showed low Km G-6-P consumption, and very high consumption of 2d G-6-P, Gal-6-P, and dTPN. DPN consumption was zero. The enzyme had very biphasic pH optimum curve and very low heat stability. Electrophoretic mobility was 103–106% of normal. These properties are very similar to those of G-6-PD Union. The enzyme of these 4 subjects is thus named G-6-PD Union (Thai).

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Zusammenfassung Teilweise gereinigtes G-6-PD von 4 Thai-Männern, die wegen einer hämolytischen Anämie zur Behandlung kamen, zeigten eine niedrige km G-6-P, dagegen hohe 2d G-6-P, Gal-6-P und dTPN-Utilisation. DPN-Utilisation was O. Das Enzym zeigte eine starke biphasische pH-Optimum-Kurve und sehr geringe Hitzestabilität. Die elektrophoretische Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit war 103–106% des Normalen. Diese Eigenschaften sind sehr ähnlich denen des G-6-PD-Union. Deshalb wird das Enzym dieser drei Personen als G-6-PD-Union (Thai) bezeichnet.

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Supported by U.S. Public Health research grant AM 09805 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases and research grant no G3/181/74 from the World Health Organization.     

Glycopeptides derived from individual membrane glycoproteins from control and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed hamster fibroblasts.

The membrane glycoproteins from control (BHK21/C13) and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed (C13/B4) baby hamster kidney cells grown in medium containing [14C]- or D-[3H]glucosamine have been separated into two distinct classes: a phenol-soluble fraction and an aqueous fraction. The membrane glycoproteins from both BHK21/C13 and C13/B4 partitioned similarly into these two fractions. The phenol and aquesous-soluble glycoproteins differed in their sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel profiles, polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing profiles, and glycopeptide distribution on Sephadex G-50. A number of aqueous and phenol-soluble glycoproteins from BHK21/C13 and C13/B4 cells were purified to near homogeneity by means of polyacrylamide electrophoresis and gel electrofocusing. These glycoproteins range in molecular weight from 179,000 to 31,000 and have isoelectric points of 7.5 to 3.0. Our results show that the pronase glycopeptides of 20 out of 24 homologous membrane glycoproteins of equivalent molecular weight and isoelectric point from BHK21/C13 and C13/B4 cells are dissimilar as measured by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration.     

Identification of a familial 19/21 translocation by Q and G band patterns

Summary The analysis of a familial 19/21 translocation revealed the formula: 46,t(19;21) (p or q ter q 13 or p 13:; p ter q22::p 13 or q 13 p or q ter). Within this family, only members with a normal karyotype or a balanced translocation occurred, including a trisomy 21. These findings may be derived from a meiotic configuration constructed here which is assumed to prevail in the translocation carriers.

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Zusammenfassung Die Analyse einer familiären 19/21-Translokation mit Hilfe der Bändertechniken ergab den Befund: 46,t(19;21) (p or q ter q 13 or p 13:; p ter q 22 :: p 13 or q 13 p or q ter). In der Familie finden sich neben Personen mit normalem Karyotyp nur solche, bei denen die Translokation balanciert ist, darunter eine Trisomie 21. Diese Befunde lassen sich unter der Annahme erklären, daß eine hier abgeleitete Paarungskonfiguration in der Meiose der Translokationsträger vorherrscht.

     

Father and daughter with presumptive isochromosome satellites-short arms D or G

Summary Presumptive isochromosome short arms-satellites D or G was found in a father and his daughter, both of whom had personality deviation. The father was detected in a prevalence and incidence study of 1208 males in a Danish psychiatric hospital.It is concluded that there is most probably no causal relationship between the presumptive isochromosome short arms-satellites of a D or a G chromosome and the personality deviation in the proband and his daughter in the present study.

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Zusammenfassung Bei einem Vater und seiner Tochter fand sich ein Extra-Chromosom, das wahrscheinlich ein Isochromosom von kurzen Armen bzw. Satelliten von D- oder G-Chromosomen darstellt. Beide hatten eine Anomalie der Persönlichkeit. Der Vater wurde in einer Prävalenz- und Incidenzstudie an 1208 Männern eines dänischen Psychiatrischen Hospitals erfaßt.Die Autoren ziehen den Schluß, daß sehr wahrscheinlich keine kausale Beziehung zwischen dem vermuteten Isochromosom und der Persönlichkeitsabweichung bei dem Probanden und seiner Tochter besteht.

     

G/G-Translokation im Mosaik bei einem Mädchen mit schwach ausgeprägtem Erscheinungsbild des Mongolismus

Zusammenfassung Es wird über ein 5jähriges Mädchen mit G/G-Translokation im Mosaik berichtet (9,3% Zellen mit 2 n=46,XX,G-,t(GqGq)+). Bei dem Kind fand sich eine für Mongolismus relativ hohe Intelligenz (EQ 0,8). Die für Mongolismus typischen Merkmale waren zwar in größerer Zahl vorhanden, aber meist nur schwach ausgeprägt. Die Papillarleisten waren in der für Mongolismus typischen Weise verändert.

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Summary A 5 year old girl is described with a translocation G/G in a mosaic (9,3% cells with 2 n=46,XX,G-,t(GqGq)+). The intelligence of the child was rather high (EQ 0,8). Though a great number of the typical symptoms of mongolism were observed, they were mostly but faintly marked. The dermatoglyphics were changed in the way typical for mongolism.

     

Chromosomenmosaik 46,XY,D-,t(DqGq)+/92,XYXY,2D-,2t(DqGq)+ bei einem Säugling mit Down-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Aus kultivierten Lungenfibroblasten eines nach 7 Wochen verstorbenen Säuglings mit den klinischen Zeichen eines Morbus Down konnte ein Chromosomenmosaik diploider und tetraploider Zellen im Verhältnis 2:1 mit zusätzlicher G/D-Translokationstrisomie diagnostiziert werden.Auf Grund morphologischer, cytogenetischer und cytologischer Befunde wird angenommen, daß die tetraploiden Zellen ihren Ursprung vom Ausgangsgewebe, den Explantaten aus der Lunge, genommen haben.

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Chromosome mosaic 46,XY,D-,t(DqGq)+/92,XYXY,2D-,2t(DqGq)+ in fibroblasts of the lung of a baby with Down's syndrome

Summary In a patient with the features common in the Down's syndrome who died after 7 weeks, a chromosome (ploidy) mosaic of diploid and tetraploid cells in a relation of 2:1 and with additional G/D translocation trisomy was present in cultivated fibroblast cells of the lung.From the data of morphological, cytogenetical and cytological investigations it is concluded, that the tetraploid cells originated from the explantates of the lung.

     

Identification of G-group chromosomes involved in a G/G tandem-translocation by the Giemsa-band technique

Summary The chromosomes involved in a G/G tandem translocation were both identified as No. 21 by the Giemsa-band technique. It is shown that the one G-chromosome was translocated inversely to the other at the end of the long arm.

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Zusammenfassung Die an einer G/G-Tandemtranslokation beteiligten G-Chromosomen wurden mit Hilfe der Giemsa-Banden-Technik als Nr. 21 identifiziert. Es wurde weirhin gezeigt, daß das eine Chromosom mit dem Ende seines langen Armes invers auf das Ende des langen Armes des anderen Chromosoms transloziert ist.

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The present case was published in detail in Humangenetik 9, 361–371 (1971).     

3-D models of the antigenomic ribozyme of the hepatitis delta agent with eight new contacts suggested by sequence analysis of 188 cDNA clones.

We mapped 359 mutations at 25 positions in synthetic variants of the antigenomic ribozyme of the hepatitis delta agent by analyzing the sequences of 188 cDNA clones. These data were used to identify three features of the ribozyme: highly conserved nucleotides, positions with restricted nucleotide substitutions and three-dimensional relationships between nucleotides. The distribution of mutations at the 25 positions was as follows: G-11 (the eleventh nucleotide from the cleavage site) was mutated in 56 clones; G-12 in 36; U-15 in 33; C-13 in 26; G-28 in 23; C-27 in 21; C-29 in 19; U-26 in 17; C-18 in 14; A-14 in 13; C-16 in 13; C-19 in 12; U-17 in 11; A-20 in 10; G-42 in 9; G-40 in 7; G-41 in 7; C-24 in 6; U-32 in 6; U-23 in 5; C-25 in 4; C-21 in 3; G-30 in 3; G-31 in 3; C-22 in 1. All clones containing a mutation at C-25 had an A at this position, suggesting that the extra cyclic amino group present in adenine and cytosine may function during the cleavage event. Mutations at certain positions were common in simple clones (containing only one or two mutations), while mutations at other positions were over-represented in more complex clones. Both compensatory base changes and co-mutational frequencies were used to identify eight pairs of nucleotides which may interact with each other: G-11 and C-18, G-12 and C-27, C-13 and G-28, C-21 and U-23/C-24, C-21 and G-30, U-23 and G-31/U-32, C24 and G-30, C-27 and G-42. These pairs, which involve some of the most conserved positions in the molecule, suggest interactions among nucleotides previously depicted in open-loop structures. The newly proposed points of contact between pairs of nucleotides are compatible with both the axehead and pseudoknot secondary structural models and were combined with previously proposed Watson-Crick base paired helices to produce two three dimensional models. In both of these, C-25 and C-76 are placed near the cleavage site.     

Dicentric and monocentric Robertsonian translocations in man

Summary 5 balanced Robertsonian translocations in man were identified by fluorescence studies. Orcein staining showed two distinct centromeres in 4 of these cases (tdic(13;13), tdic(13;14), tdic(15;21), tdic(21;22)) indicating breaks in the short arms of the involved chromosomes. The dicentric translocation chromosomes were rather stable but monocentrics were noticed in each case. Fluorescence- and measurement studies seemed to indicate that an invisible centromere and part of the short arms were present in these monocentric chromosomes. One case, t(14q21q), was monocentric in all metaphase plates but measurement studies were very suggestive of a visible 21 centromere and incorporation of the invisible 14 centromere (and short arm material) in the long arm of the translocated 14 chromosome, indicating that this translocation originally might have been a real dicentric. Heterochromatin staining was carried out in all cases. The tdic(15;21) showed 6 heterochromatin blocks; 2 of these blocks were probably satellites from chromosome No. 21, visible too in fluorescence. The 4 other translocations showed 4 separated blocks. No differences were observed between monocentrics and dicentrics supporting the theory of a preserved, but invisible centromere in monocentrics.

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Zusammenfassung 5 balancierte humane Translokationen vom Robertson-Typ wurden durch Fluorescenzuntersuchungen identifiziert. Die Orceinfärbung zeigte in 4 dieser Fälle 2 distinkte Zentromere (tdic(13;13), tdic(13;14), tdic(15;21), tdic(21;22)). Dieser Fund ließ es als wahrscheinlich erscheinen, daß der Bruch am kurzen Arm der involvierten Chromosomen stattgefunden hatte. Die dizentrischen Translokationschromosomen waren verhältnismäßig stabil. Es wurden doch monozentrische Chromosomen in allen Fällen beobachtet. Eine Kombination von Fluorescenzuntersuchung und Messung der Chromosomen machte es wahrscheinlich, daß auch in diesen monozentrischen Chromosomen ein unsichtbares Zentromer und Teile der kurzen Arme vorhanden sind. Eine (14q21q)-Translokation hatte in allen Metaphasen nur ein Zentromer. Messungen jedoch deuteten an, daß das 21-Zentromer sichtbar war, daß aber das 14-Zentromer und Material der kurzen Arme am langen Arm des translozierten 14-Chromosoms inkorporiert waren. Das Translokationschromosom ist möglicherweise ursprünglich ein dizentrisches Chromosom gewesen. In allen Fällen wurde eine Heterochromatinfärbung ausgeführt. Die tdic(15;21) hatte 6 Heterochromatinblöcke. 2 davon waren wahrscheinlich die Satelliten des Chromosoms Nr. 21, die auch bei der Fluorescenzmikroskopie sichtbar waren. Die 4 anderen Translokationen hatten 4 separate Blöcke. Monozentrische und dizentrische Chromosomen zeigten hier keinen Unterschied, was die Theorie unterstützt, daß die Zentromere im monozentrischen Chromosomen erhalten, aber unsichtbar sind.

     

Direct giemsa-banding pattern analysis of human chromosomes by means of a television microdensitometer: The Quantimet 720 D

Summary A method for recording G bands of chromosomes directly from slides by means of the Quantimet 720 D, is presented.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Methode berichtet, mit Hilfe des Quantimet 720D G-Banden von Chromosomen direkt aus den Präparaten zu registrieren.

     

Relative position of trypsin banded homologous chromosomes in human (female) metaphase figures.

"Generalized distances" between centromeres were statistically analyzed (chi2 test) on 50 normal female trypsin-banded metaphase figures. This study revealed that the homologous chromosomes of the pairs 13, 17, 14, and 21 lie closer together than would be expected by a reference distribution, and this in a statistically significant way. The same relative position was demonstrated for the chromosome groups 13-14, 13-21, 14-21, 15-22, and 14-22. Evidences were collected that also showed that homologous chromosomes of the pairs 1, 19, and 20 and the chromosome groups 15-21, 13-15, and 18-20 tend to lie closer together. Giving a functional interpretation to the phenomenon of non-random distribution of chromosomes in metaphase figures, it may be suggested that the chromosomes 13, 14, and 21 are involved in the organization of the human nucleolar organizers, more frequently than the other D- and G-group chromosomes.     

A child with a 21-ring chromosome, 45,XX,21-/46,XX,21r investigated with the banding technique

Summary Chromosomal analysis of lymphocytes and fibroblasts in a slightly retarded 7-month-old female infant with some minor malformations showed a mosaicism 45,XX,G-/46,XX,Gr. The ring chromosome was identified as No. 21 by banding technique.

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Zusammenfassung Chromosomenuntersuchungen an Lymphocyten und Fibroblasten bei einem 7 Monate alten Mädchen mit leichter statomotorischer Entwicklungsverzögerung und degenerativen Stigmata zeigten ein Mosaik 45,XX,G-/46,XX,Gr. Durch die Bandentechnik mit Trypsinbehandlung konnte das Ringchromosom als Nr.21 identifiziert werden.

     

Osteocalcin is vitamin D-dependent during the perinatal period in the rat

The vitamin D-dependence of renal calbindin D-28K and osteocalcin during the perinatal period was studied in fetuses (days 18 and 21) and neonates (days 2, 12, 17 and 22) of rats fed either a standard diet (0.85% Ca-0.7% P; "high Ca-P diet" rats) or a mildly Ca-P restricted diet (0.2% Ca-0.2% P; "low Ca-P diet" rats). Body weight and plasma calcium levels were identical in both groups. Plasma 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were markedly higher in the low Ca-P diet rats at all stages of fetal and neonatal life (in 22-day-old neonates: 536 +/- 58 pg/ml versus 126 +/- 12 pg/ml). 1,25(OH)2D concentrations increased between day 18 and 21 of fetal life, remained constant between day 21 of fetal and day 12 of neonatal life, and increased sharply between day 12 and 17 in both groups; after day 17, 1,25(OH)2D concentrations increased further in pups fed the low Ca-P diet. Renal calbindin D-28K reached peak concentrations on day 12 of neonatal life; calbindin D-28K levels were similar in the high and low Ca-P diet rats at all stages of perinatal development. Plasma osteocalcin levels increased steadily during the perinatal period; at most stages of perinatal life, and already from the fetal period was osteocalcin higher in the low Ca-P diet rats than in the high Ca-P diet rats (in 22-day-old pups: 1106 +/- 47 ng/ml versus 429 +/- 14 ng/ml). Femoral osteocalcin concentrations were also increased in fetal and early neonatal (days 2 and 12) low Ca-P diet rats, while the femoral calcium content and concentration of these rats were decreased in the late neonatal period (days 12, 17 and 22). These studies indicate that osteocalcin is vitamin D-dependent in the fetal and neonatal rat.     

Carbodiimide modification analysis of aminoacylated yeast phenylalanine tRNA: evidence for change in the apex region.

The G- and U-specific reagent, carbodiimide was used to probe the solution structure of aminoacylated yeast phenylalanine tRNA. Both quantitative and qualitative changes in modification were observed when the modification patterns of tRNA-CCA(3'OH), tRNA-CCA(3'NH2) and phe-tRNA-CCA(3'NH2) were compared. Five nucleotides were modified in all cases, D16 and G20 in the D-loop, U33 and Gm34 in the anticodon loop and U47, in the region of the extra arm. Small changes occurred in the D-loop with incorporation of the adenosine analogue manifest as new, low levels of modification of G22 (D-stem) and a loss of sensitivity to Mg+2 in modification of D16. Aminoacylation resulted in new modification of G19, modification of a residue in the T psi CG sequence, and a 2.5-fold increase in modification of G22. Taken together the results show that aminoacylation causes increased exposure of bases in the apex region of the L-shaped molecule where the D- and psi-loops are joined. The effects observed could occur as a consequence of stable or dynamic changes in conformation.     

Die postnatale Entwicklung der Harderschen Drüse der weißen Ratte

Zusammenfassung Im Anschluß an eine lichtmikroskopisch-morphologische Studie (I. Mitteilung) wurden die Harderschen Drüsen neugeborener bis 13 Wochen alter Ratten mit fermenthistochemischen Methoden (ATPase, alkalische und saure Pase, LAP, LDH, G-6-PDH, -GPDH, -HBDH, SDH, MDH, IDH, Cyt-Ox, NADH-T-Red, NADPH-T-Red) untersucht. Dabei wurden folgende Ergebnisse erzielt:Während der ersten Tage nach der Geburt fallen sämtliche Enzymreaktionen nur schwach positiv aus. Mit beginnender Sekretproduktion am 6. Lebenstag nimmt die Dehydrogenasen-und Diaphorasen-Aktivität in den Drüsenzellen zu und steigt bis gegen Ende der 3. Lebenswoche weiter kontinuierlich an.Von den Hydrolasen sind die saure Phosphatase nur in der 1., die Leucinaminopeptidase nur während der 1.–3. Woche post partum nachweisbar. ATPase reagiert an den ersten Lebenstagen in den Zellen der Drüsenanlage apikal kräftig positiv; von der 2. Woche an findet sie sich vorwiegend basal. Alkalische Phosphatase ist in den Drüsenzellen während der gesamten Beobachtungszeit nur schwach aktiv, dagegen läßt sie sich in den Myoepithelzellen vom 8. Tage an in zunehmender Intensität nachweisen.Die B-Zellen zeigen zwischen dem 10. und 14. Lebenstage eine höhere LAP-Aktivität als die A-Zellen und heben sich vom 21. Tage an durch kräftig positive Dehydrogenasen- und Diaphorasen-Reaktionen von ihnen ab.Die fermenthistochemische Entwicklung der Harderschen Drüse ist gegen Ende der 4. Lebenswoche abgeschlossen. Anhaltspunkte für geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede fanden sich nicht.

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The postnatal development of the rat harderian glandII. Enzyme-histochemical studies

Summary Following a previous lightmicroscopic-morphological investigation (1st communication), the Harderian glands of rats, age ranging from newly born to 13 weeks, are studied by means of enzyme-histochemical methods (ATPase, alkaline and acid Pase, LAP, LDH, G-6-PDH, -GPDH, -HBDH, SDH, MDH, IDH, Cyt-Ox, NADH-T-Red, NADPH-T-Red). The following results are obtained:All the enzymes examined react weakly during the first days after birth. The beginning of synthesis activity of the glandular cells in 6 days old rats corresponds to an increase of dehydrogenase- and diaphorase-activity. This increase continues until the age of 3 weeks.Acid phosphatase can only be observed in the 1st postnatal week, leucine-amino-peptidase during the 1st to 3rd week. ATPase is localized in the apical part of the gland cells at the first days post partum, and predominandly in the basal part from the first week forth. The alkaline phosphatase activity is low in the glandular cells during all the period observed, whereas in myoepithelial cells its intensity keeps increasing from the 8th day.B-cells show between the 10th and 14th day of age a stronger leucine-amino-peptidase-reaction than A-cells, and after the 21st day differenciate from these by having a more intensive dehydrogenase and diaphorase activity.The Harderian gland enzyme-histochemical developing is finished at the end of the 4th week. Histochemically it was not possible to find sex-dependent differences.