乳糖诱导高分子量重组蛛丝蛋白发酵培养基优化

在M9培养基的基础上,以乳糖为诱导剂,对基因重组蛛丝蛋白工程菌pNSR32/BL21(DE3)的发酵培养基进行了优化。利用单因子实验和正交试验优化出表达高分子量重组蛛丝蛋白的最优培养基配方,结果表明：优化的碳源为0.3%的甘油,氮源为3%的酵母膏、0.75％的蛋白胨和0.05％(NH4)2SO4及少量的无机盐。优化培养基有利于菌体的生长和目的蛋白的表达,表达重组蛛丝蛋白达总蛋白量的20%。     

重组人白细胞介素-11工程菌的发酵条件研究

为了探讨发酵条件对大肠杆菌表达人白细胞介素-11融合蛋白的影响,利用正交实验设计,对工程菌的生长条件和人白细胞介素-11融合蛋白表达进行优化。在摇瓶中研究了培养基中的葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母抽提物的浓度、pH及摇床转速、装液量、接种量等。确定了工程菌生长及表达的培养基和培养条件:葡萄糖10g/L,蛋白胨20g/L,酵母抽提物10g/L,pH7.5,接种量10%,装液量10%,摇床转速220r/min及诱导时间为4~5h。然后在BiofloⅢ-5L发酵罐中以优化的发酵条件进行了3批实验,结果表明:工程菌量达到55g/L(DCW),重组人白细胞介素-11融合蛋白表达量为33%左右,为进行中试研究奠定了理论基础。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子发酵工艺研究

通过对大肠杆菌（E.coli）表达重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）工程菌DH5a的发酵工艺的研究,对影响工程菌生长和目标蛋白表达条件如：发酵培养基配方,pH值,诱导时间,分批补加营养物质等进行了优化。结果表明,采用优化的条件发酵后,工程菌得率达30g/L以上;目标蛋白表达量为30%以上。     

重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子工程菌的发酵工艺研究

对大肠杆菌表达的rh-bFGF工程菌的发酵条件进行了研究,探讨了发酵条件对工程菌表达外源蛋白量及细菌收率的影响,优化了影响发酵的各种条件,如培养基配方,pH值,补料,诱导表达时机等,形成了一套工程菌发酵表达外源蛋白成熟工艺,并从工业化角度对工程菌的高密度,高表达间的关系进行了探讨。     

rIL-2工程菌诱导阶段细胞再循环培养的研究

为了减少rIL-2工程菌高密度培养时乙酸的积累,在诱导阶段对该工程菌进行细胞再循环培养的研究,比较了细胞再循环补料液、pH、细胞循环培养时间段对工程菌的生长及rIL-2表达的影响。结果表明在菌密度D_(600)为50时,细胞再循环补料液中酵母抽提物与胰蛋白胨浓度为发酵培养基的5倍就能满足rIL-2表达的需求,同时选择诱导后4～6h之间的细胞再循环培养能有效地防止乙酸的过高积累并减少营养物质的损失,有利于rIL-2的表达。根据以上研究结果得到了rIL-2工程菌诱导阶段细胞再循环培养方法,使得在诱导前菌密度D_(600)为50左右时rIL-2的表达水平约为40％。     

重组人血小板生成素融合蛋白工程菌发酵工艺的研究

对表达重组人血小板生成素融合蛋白（rhTPO/GST)工程菌的发酵条件进行了较详细的研究,优化了影响工程菌发酵的条件,探讨了发酵条件对工程菌表达外源蛋白量的影响。结果发现采用复合培养基分阶段流加有机营养物,用异丙基硫代-B-D-半乳糖苷（IPTG）进行诱导,使rhTPO/GST融合蛋白的湿菌重达25g/L以上,表达水平约占菌体总蛋白的30%左右。在此基础上,建立了中试发酵生产工艺流程。     

鲨肝刺激物质类似物在大肠杆菌中的高密度发酵

为建立重组鲨肝刺激物类似物(r-sHSA)的高密度发酵方法,本研究在利用单因素实验和均匀设计实验优化摇瓶发酵培养基的组成和浓度以及诱导剂(IPTG)浓度的基础上,利用5L发酵罐进行了放大试验,探讨了补料方式、补料培养基的组成和浓度、诱导剂加入时间和诱导后菌体的收获时间对工程菌生物量和r-sHSA产量的影响。结果表明:在改良LB培养基(0.97%甘油,0.91%酵母粉,0.72%胰蛋白胨,0.782%KH2PO4,0.267%K2HPO4·3H2O,0.062%MgSO4·7H2O,0.5%NaCl,pH7.0)中,当pH控制在7.0、溶氧浓度为25%～30%的前提下,采用指数补料方式加入优化后的补料培养基(620g/L甘油,94.8g/L胰蛋白胨,3.3mL/L微量元素,7.5g/LMgSO4·7H2O)进行培养,在工程菌的OD600达到23时,加入终浓度为0.5mmol/L的IPTG诱导6h后收获菌体,菌体的生物量可达(123.27±1.184)g/L,r-sHSA产量为(2.662±0.041)g/L,比优化前提高了13.7倍。     

重组芋螺毒素K41表达条件优化

目的:优化重组芋螺毒素K41 (CTX-K41)的表达条件.方法:以不同接种比例、不同浓度IPTG、不同诱导时间、不同诱导温度、不同培养基pH值对含有pCTX-K41的E coli工程菌进行诱导表达,用Tricine-SDS-PAGE对表达产物进行分析.结果接种比例为1∶200,诱导时间为4h,IPTG.浓度为0.4mmol·L-1,诱导温度为30℃时,培养基pH值为5.0时CTX-K41的表达量最高.结论:已成功优化了重组蛋白CTX-K41的表达条件.     

重组胸腺素α1 pMAL-C2x-Tα1/TB1工程菌的构建与表达

目的构建表达重组胸腺素α1（Tα1）的pMAL-C2x-Tα1/TB1工程菌。方法将人工合成的Tα1序列进行PCR扩增,将扩增的片段和pMAL-C2x质粒载体分别经BamHI和EcoR I双酶切后,用T4 DNA快速连接酶连接构建pMAL-C2x-Tα1融合表达质粒,再经测序正确后,将重组体转化至大肠埃希菌TB1菌中,pMAL-C2x-Tα1/TB1菌在LB液体培养基中培养,经IPTG诱导表达麦芽糖结合蛋白与Tα1的融合蛋白（MBP-Tα1）,采用Westernblot对MBP-Tα1进行鉴定。结果 pMAL-C2x-Tα1/TB1工程菌能有效表达MBP-Tα1,融合蛋白占菌体蛋白的33.6%,分子量约为45×103。结论工程菌的成功构建和表达为重组Tα1的纯化、生物学活性等研究奠定了基础。     

白喉毒素DAB389-（Gly4Ser）2-α-促黑激素工程菌发酵条件的初步研究

目的：为了提高融合蛋白白喉毒素DAB389-（Gly4Ser）2-α-促黑激素的表达量,研究工程菌发酵条件的最优化。方法：利用三角瓶模拟小剂量发酵,在不同的受体菌、培养基、培养温度、时间、pH值、诱导剂浓度、诱导时间和温度等因素变化下研究目的蛋白的表达量。结果：工程菌优化的发酵条件为：最佳表达菌种为大肠杆菌BL21（λDE3）,最适宜的培养基为M982,适合的pH值为7．0-7．4,最佳诱导温度为30℃,诱导时间为6h,诱导剂IPTG的最佳用量为1．4mmol/L。结论：获得了DAB389-（Gly4Ser）2-α-促黑素细胞激素工程菌的最优化发酵条件,为中试放大提供了理论依据。     

Identification of multiple sources of charge heterogeneity in a recombinant antibody

Seven forms of a therapeutic recombinant antibody that binds to the her2/neu gene product were resolved by cation-exchange chromatography. Structural differences were assigned by peptide mapping and HIC after papain digestion. Deamidation of light chain asparagine 30 to aspartate in one or both light chains is responsible for two acidic forms. A low potency form is due to isomerization of heavy chain aspartate 102; the Asp102 succinimide is also present in a basic peak fraction. Forms with both Asn30 deamidation and Asp102 isomerization modifications were isolated. Deamidation of heavy chain Asn55 to isoaspartate was also detected. Isoelectric focusing in a polyacrylamide gel was used to verify the assignments. All modifications were found in complementarity determining regions.     

Characterization and quality control of recombinant adenovirus vectors for gene therapy

Highly purified recombinant adenovirus undergoes routine quality controls for identity, potency and purity prior to its use as a gene therapy vector. Quantitative characterization of infectivity is measurable by the expression of the DNA binding protein, an early adenoviral protein, in an immunofluorescence bioassay on permissive cells as a potency determinant. The specific particle count, a key quality indicator, is the total number of intact particles present compared to the number of infectious units. Electron microscopic analysis using negative staining gives a qualitative biophysical analysis of the particles eluted from anion-exchange HPLC. One purity assessment is accomplished via the documented presence and relative ratios of component adenoviral proteins as well as potential contaminants by reversed-phase HPLC of the intact virus followed by protein peak identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and subsequent data mining. Verification of the viral genome is performed and expression of the transgene is evaluated in in vitro systems for identity. Production lots are also evaluated for replication-competent adenovirus prior to human use. For adenovirus carrying the human IL-2 transgene, quantitative IL-2 expression is demonstrated by ELISA and cytokine potency by cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay following infection of permissive cells. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses show good batch to batch reproducibility under routine test conditions using validated methods.     

Recombinant food allergens

Allergenic (glyco)proteins are the elicitors of food allergies and can cause acute severe hypersensitivity reactions. Recombinant food allergens are available in standardised quantity and constant quality. Therefore, they offer new perspectives to overcome current difficulties in the diagnosis, treatment and investigation of food allergies. This review summarises the expression strategies and characteristics of more than 40 recombinant food allergens that have been produced until today. Their IgE-binding properties are compared to those of their natural counterparts, in addition their application as diagnostic tools, the generation of hypoallergenic recombinant isoforms and mutants for therapeutic purposes, the determination of epitopes and cross-reactive structures are described.     

Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography of recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2

There has been much interest recently in the development of recombinant viruses as vectors for gene therapy applications. We have constructed a recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector containing the gene encoding CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane chloride regulator). This vector is currently being used in clinical trials as a treatment for cystic fibrosis. In the course of scale-up and process optimization efforts, a variety of analyses have been developed to characterize yield and quality. Although these methods produce quantitative and highly reproducible results, most are very time intensive. For example, a standard bioassay requires a 72-h incubation period followed by an additional day of analysis. Other tests such as UV spectrophotometry are fast, but unable to distinguish between whole virus, free protein, and DNA. Here, we describe an analytical cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic method utilizing a TSKgel SP-NPR strong cation-exchange column. Unlike the bioassay which requires a 96-h wait for information, this method yields data in less than 20 min. In addition to the quick assay turn-around, the material eluting in the single peak was found to be intact, infectious, nuclease resistant AAV particles. This offers a significant advantage over the limited information one gains from UV spectrophotometry. This demonstrates the utility of chromatography for analysis and purification of viral vectors.     

Characterization of a recombinant monoclonal antibody by mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography

In this report, we present the characterization of a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for the human epidermal growth factor receptor (hEGFR). Direct analysis by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) of peptide mixtures and chromatographically isolated fractions allowed identification of 94.0% and 85.4% of the amino acid sequence of light and heavy chains, respectively. Microheterogeneity sources were identified in light and heavy chains and a previously unreported posttranslational modification for immunoglobulins was found. One N-glycosylation site was identified in the heavy chain with non-sialylated bianntenary fucosylated structures. This study is one of the first to assess the potential of MALDI-MS in combination with more conventional protein chemistry techniques for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies.     

Hyphenation of multi-dimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry for the at-line-analysis of the integrity of recombinant protein drugs

A robust tool is proposed for the rapid at-line verification of the identity and integrity of (recombinant) proteins, namely the hyphenation of multidimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS). A recombinant human antibody produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells is taken as pertinent example. The recombinant human antibody is first captured from the production environment by affinity chromatography (rProtein A, isolation/concentration of the target molecule) and automatically transferred to an enzyme reactor (immobilized trypsin column) for digestion, thereby yielding different peptides corresponding to the protein sequence. The peptides are then separated on a reversed-phase column before being analyzed and identified by MS. This step does not require a fine resolution since the mass spectrometer can identify a variety of substances at the same time. The results are then analyzed in silico with suitable bio-informatic tools. When the gene sequence of the protein product is known, proteolytic cleavages can be predicted and the exact mass and hence the amino acid sequence of each peptide can thereby be deduced. Fitting experimental data and reference peptide sequences then provides important information about the integrity of the protein and more particularly about its sequence. In our case, the integrity of 45% of the light and 75% of the heavy chain sequences of the antibody could be verified within minutes.     

糖基化对乙型肝炎表面抗原疫苗的影响

哺乳动物（ＣＨＯ）细胞表达的三种糖基化程度不同的乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）Ａ（含ＧＰ３０,ＧＰ２７,Ｐ２３）,Ｂ（含ＧＰ２７及Ｐ２３）,Ｃ（只有Ｐ２３）,在免疫原性、放置后抗原的稳定性以及对不同单克隆抗体亲和力等方面都有明显的差异;（１）免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠后血清中抗体工（ＥＤ５０）。平均结果为Ａ＝１：８０,Ｂ＝１：１１７,Ｃ＝１：１４,表明有糖基的ＨＢｓＡｇ疫苗对小鼠的免疫力明显高于无糖基的ＨＢ     

Insecticidal effects of Buthus occitanus tunetanus BotIT6 toxin expressed in Escherichia coli and baculovirus/insect cells

BotIT6 is a neurotoxin polypeptide derived from the venom of the scorpion Buthus occitanus tunetanus (Bot). Its mature form is composed of 62 amino acids. BotIT6 has been reported to be the most potent toxin from Bot venom that has a strict selectivity for insects. Such toxin may have potential as a potent animal-harmless tool against insects. Using RT-PCR, we isolated and sequenced a cDNA encoding 62 amino acid residues corresponding to the known amino acid sequence of BotIT6. We have expressed a recombinant active form of BotIT6 in significantly high amounts in Escherichia coli. We have also engineered the cDNA into the Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (AcMNPV) genome and expressed the protein under control of the polyhedrin promoter. Supernatants of AcIT6-virus infected Sf9 insect cells exhibit a typical intoxication effect when injected to Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Moreover, injection of the recombinant virus showed enhanced insecticidal potency against S. littoralis larvae compared with wild type AcMNPV.     

A non-innovator version of etanercept for treatment of arthritis

Etanercept is a soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor originally approved for treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis. We have developed a non-innovator version of the recombinant protein etanercept, with the investigational name AVG01 (trade name AVENT™), using a novel expression vector-based technology. Here we show, by extensive analytical characterization, that AVG01 is highly similar to the reference product Enbrel^® and demonstrates similar efficacy in pre-clinical studies.