黑杨萎蔫叶片挥发性物质的成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法和气体吸附法提取黑杨萎蔫叶片的挥发性气味物质 ,用二氯甲烷做萃取剂 ,气相色谱_质谱联用技术分离和鉴定萃取到的气味物质的化学组分 ,结果表明 ,水蒸气蒸馏法共得到 1 9个峰 ,鉴定出结构的有 1 6个峰 ,未鉴明的 3个峰 ;主要组分为 4号峰的 (Z)_3_己烯醇 ,相对含量为 2 8.71 % ,其次为 1 4号峰的邻羟基苯甲醛 ,相对含量为 1 0 .35 %。气体吸附法共分离到 2 0个峰 ,鉴定出结构的有1 7个峰 ;主要组分分别为 6、7、8号峰的 (E)_2_己烯醛、(Z)_3_己烯醇、(E)_2_己烯醇 ,相对含量分别为2 0 .78%、2 9.1 2 %、2 9.2 2 %。两种方法所得到的相同组分为 9种 ,相似性为 46.1 5 %。     

黑杨萎蔫叶片挥发性物质的成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法和气体吸附法提取黑杨萎蔫叶片的挥发性气味物质,用二氯甲烷做萃取剂,气相色谱_质谱联用技术分离和鉴定萃取到的气味物质的化学组分,结果表明,水蒸气蒸馏法共得到19个峰,鉴定出结构的有16个峰,未鉴明的3个峰;主要组分为4号峰的(Z)_3_己烯醇,相对含量为28.71%,其次为14号峰的邻羟基苯甲醛,相对含量为10.35%。气体吸附法共分离到20个峰,鉴定出结构的有17个峰;主要组分分别为6、7、8号峰的(E)_2_己烯醛、(Z)_3_己烯醇、(E)_2_己烯醇,相对含量分别为20.78%、29.12%、29.22%。两种方法所得到的相同组分为9种,相似性为46.15%。     

香蕉果实挥发物的化学成分比较分析

本文采用固相微萃取技术(SPME)收集成熟与未熟香蕉的挥发性物质,并运用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对二者的化学成分进行种类和含量的比较分析.结果表明,两种香蕉果实的挥发性物质在种类和含量上存在明显差异,成熟香蕉中共检测出30种气味挥发性物质,而未熟香蕉中共检测出17种气味物质,且有多种化合物在成熟香蕉中存在而在未...     

鸡尾木叶脂溶性挥发物化学成分的GC/MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对鸡尾木枝叶脂溶性挥发物成分进行分析,共分离出51个组分,经检索鉴定了其中31个,其含量占挥发物总量的89%。主要化学成分为香橙烯、维生素E、亚油酸、β-岩藻甾醇等,并首次发现该植物中含有异硫氰酸苄酯。     

巴戟天挥发性成分研究

目的：研究巴戟天中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取巴戟天（Radix morindae offtcinalis）挥发油,用GC—MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：鉴定出34个化学成分,其中相对百分含量大于2％的分别确定为L-龙脑（Bomeol L）29．28％,α-姜烯（Alpha—Zingiberene）4．88％,2-甲基-6-对甲基苯基-2-庚烯（Ar-Cureumene）4．49％,1-己醇（1-Hexanol）3．40％,β-倍半水芹烯（beta—sesquiphellandrene）3．34％,2-戊基呋喃（2-Amylfuran）3．32％,正壬醛（n—nonanal）2．17％,樟脑（L—camphor）2．07％,β-没药烯（bete—Bisabolene）2．06％。结论：34个挥发性成分均为首次从该植物中得到。     

柔毛路边青挥发性成分研究

目的：研究柔毛路边青(Herba gei)挥发油成分,为有效控制中成药蓝止安脑胶囊质量及中药二次开发提供理论依据。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取柔毛路边青挥发油,用GC／MS进行分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：分离出59个成分,确定了43个化合物,占挥发油总量的87．51％。结论：柔毛路边青挥发油成分大于5％的为α-蒎烯10．73％,松金娘烷醇13．63％,松金娘烯醛7．19％,松金娘烯醇5．03％,二环[3,1,1,]-6,6-二甲基-3-亚甲基庚烷6．83％,丁子香酚15．82％。其中含量最高的物质为丁子香酚。     

小花清风藤挥发油化学成分研究

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小花清风藤中的挥发性成分,通过气相色谱质谱联用技术（GC-MS）并结合计算机分析鉴定提取物中挥发油芳香成分,共鉴定出17种化合物,其中有12种烷烃类化合物,1种芳香类化合物,1种醚类化合物,1种杂环类化合物,1种环戊二烯和1种酰胺类化合物。用面积归一化法测定挥发油中各种成分的相对含量,合计占总峰面积的8.8%。实验结果表明：用水蒸气蒸馏提取小花清风藤挥发油时,提取率为4.18%,其最主要成分为烷烃类化合物。     

蚜害茶树挥发物组分变化的聚类分析

舒茶早(Camellia sinensis cv. ‘shuchazao’)是皖西南产区一种茶树品种。为研究茶蚜取食为害诱导的茶树挥发物释放特征,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,比较了健康茶梢和蚜害茶梢的挥发物组成和相对含量。结果显示,健康茶梢挥发物种类(16种)和相对含量较少,而蚜害茶梢挥发物种类(24种)较为丰富且相对...     

云南松健康松与衰弱松针叶挥发物化学成分比较

采用顶空吸附法对健康松、衰弱松的针叶进行了活体挥发性物质收集。通过GC-MS联用技术和计算机信息检索法对两种状态下松树的针叶挥发物化学成分进行了分离鉴定,用离子流峰面积归一法通过化学工作站数据处理系统确定了各成分的相对含量。比较结果表明:云南松由健康松转向衰弱松的过程中挥发性成分及含量发生了很大变化。两种状态下针叶挥发性物质中共有15种相异化合物成分,18种相同化合物成分,相同化合物成分在含量上存在很大差异。     

不同方法收集番茄叶挥发性物质的GC/MS指纹图谱比较

以番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum）叶为材料．分别采用溶媒萃取、水蒸气蒸馏、气体吸附法收集挥发性物质;气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离鉴定挥发组分。结果表明,3种收集方式共获得19种挥发性组分．其中的14种组分相同．且多为主要组分。水蒸气蒸馏法获得的挥发性物质总含量最高,为27．13μg FW;其次是气体吸附法．为23．38μg FW,溶媒萃取法获得的最少,仅为12．40μg FW。溶媒萃取法共获得15种挥发组分．含量最高的组分为β-水芹烯。水蒸气蒸馏法获得18种组分．含量最高的组分为（E）-2-己烯醛。气体吸附法获得17种组分．含量最高的组分为（E）-2-己烯醛。不同方法所获各组分的相对含量和绝对含量均不同．可根据研究目的综合分析运用。     

香根草挥发物化学成分的分析

The chemical components of the volatiles from Vetiveria zizanioides were analyzed by SPME and GC-MS. In the roots, the main component was valencene (30.36%), while in the shoots and leaves, they were 9-octadece-namide (33.50 % ), 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-hexamethyl-2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22-tetracosahexaene (27.46% ), and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester(18.29% ). The results showed that there were many terpenoids in the volatils. In shoot volatiles, there existed 3 monoterpenes, 2 sesquiterpenes and 1 triterpene. Most of the volatiles in roots were sesquiterpenes.     

香根草挥发物化学成分的分析

The chemical components of the volatiles from Vetiveria zizanioides were analyzed by SPME and GC-MS. In the roots, the main component was valencene (30.36%) abstract, while in the shoots and leaves, they were 9-octadecenamide (33.50%) abstract, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene (27.46%) abstract, and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester(18.29%) abstract The results showed that there were many terpenoids in the volatils. In shoot volatiles, there existed 3 monoterpenes, 2 sesquiterpenes and 1 triterpene. Most of the volatiles in roots were sesquiterpenes.     

Aldehyde volatiles emitted in succession from mechanically damaged leaves of poplar cuttings

Plant aldehydes are volatiles necessary to defenses against environmental stress. To explore their emissions in response to wounding, we performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on cuttings from poplar (Populus simonii×P. pyramidalis ‘Opera 8277’) that were mechanically damaged to mimic herbivore attack. We detected 16 aldehydes, including 11 linear saturated aldehydes, 3 linear unsaturated aldehydes, and 2 non-linear aldehydes. Emissions of these aldehydes were clearly enhanced by such treatment, and exhibited a similar pattern of change, i.e., increasing in the first 2 h, then sharply decreasing before rising again at about 12 h. Two release peaks for these aldehydes were observed. Therefore, we propose two pathways for the mediation of aldehyde emissions following damage. The first peak may represent emissions from plant storage pools, whereas the second release peak might result from greater formationde novo through an activated synthesis pathway.     

不同营养层次挥发物对燕麦蚜茧蜂寄主搜寻行为的影响

“Ｙ”型管嗅觉计及风洞测定试验明,小麦植株,麦长管蚜（Sitobion avenae),禾谷缢管蚜（Rhopalosiphum padi)对燕麦蚜蜂（Aphidius avenae)雌蜂的吸引作用较小,而有蚜植株及蚜害植株对其吸引作用较大,并以麦长管蚜有蚜植株的吸引作用最强,尽管该蜂对禾谷缢管蚜的寄生率极你,工作量 由其危害诱导产生的挥发性信息化僵物对该蜂仍具有较强的吸引作用,GC－MS鉴定结果表明,麦蚜取食诱导的挥发性信息化合物主要是2－莰烯,6－甲基－5－已烯－2－酮,顺－3－已酰酸酯有水杨酸甲酯,其中6－甲基－5－已烯－2－酮和6－甲基－5－已烯－2－醇对燕麦蚜划蜂的吸引作用最强,水杨酸酯无明显吸引作用。     

Molecular genetic analysis of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) along Dutch rivers

The genetic structure of remaining black poplar ( Populus nigra ) trees on the banks of the Dutch Rhine branches was investigated using the AFLP technique. In total, 143 trees, including one P. deltoides and some P. x euramericana , were analysed using six AFLP primer combinations which generated 319 polymorphic bands. The AFLP patterns showed that some of the trees sampled as P. nigra were clearly different. These deviating patterns were also observed for the P. deltoides tree and all trees already identified as hybrid P. x euramericana . Hybrids between the two species are morphologically sometimes difficult to distinguish from the species itself. Two important possible source populations for recolonization of the riverbanks of the river Rhine, consisting of mature flowering P. nigra trees, appeared to consist of only a few genotypes each. In contrast, young black poplar trees growing alone or in small groups downstream of the possible source populations appeared to be predominantly generatively derived because no clones of mature trees were found among them. Therefore vegetative propagation seems a very local strategy whereas colonization of new areas appears to occur through generative propagation. Whether the genetic diversity within these black poplars is sufficient for recolonization of river banks and survival of the metapopulation is a question for further research.     

不同方法提取的荷叶挥发油化学成分分析

采取超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏提取荷叶挥发油,利用GC-MS对它们进行了定性、定量分析。结果表明这两种方法提取荷叶挥发油的化学成分及含量皆有很大差别。超临界CO2萃取的荷叶挥发油更具天然性,超临界CO2萃取法为提取荷叶挥发油的理想方法。     

The EAG response and behavior of the Saperda populnea L. to volatiles from poplar branches

In order to investigate the effect of organic volatiles from poplar species on the host plants orientation of Saperda populnea, the essential oil in the 2–3 years old branches from the sapling or mature trees of Populus simonii Carr. and P. simonii Carr. × P. nigra L. were extracted using the steam distillation method. The chemical composition and relative content in essential oil from those branches was analyzed by GC–MS. The main components contained in those volatiles from the four kinds of branches are mainly aromatic compounds such as 1,2-cyclohexanedione, 2-cyclohexene-1-one, p-xylene and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and so on. The relative content of aromatic compounds contained in branches from saplings was higher than that contained in branches from old tress. EAG response and behavioral reaction of S. populnea L. to those four kinds of distillated essential oil were tested. The results shown that male and female adults of S. populnea L. shown significant choice behavior and strong olfactory response to those essential oil distillated from branches of P. simonii Carr. and P. simonii Carr. × P. nigra L.. The EAG bioassay of S. populnea L. to 10 kinds of monomers compounds which had relative higher contents was tested. The results shown that the EAG response of female adults of S. populnea L. to 1 mol L^?1 p-xylene was intensest and reached 1.027 mV, the strength of their EAG response to 0.1 mol L^?1 phenol took the second place. The EAG response of male adult of S. populnea L. to 1 mol L^?1 p-xylene was strongest and reached to 0.824 mV, the strength of their EAG response to 1 mol L^?1 salicylaldehyde took the second place. In the choice behavior test of S. populnea L. adult to monomeric compound carried out in ‘Y’ type olfactometer have found that female and male adult of S. populnea L. all appeared obvious positive taxis to 0.1 mol L^?1 p-xylene. The selection rate of female and male adults ware (76.7 ± 4.1)% and (71.7 ± 2.6)%, respectively. The selective reaction to 0.1 mol L^?1 1,2-cyclohexanedione and 2-cyclohexene-1-one were not obviously than that to 0.1 mol L^?1 p-xylene. The male and female adult of S. populnea L. appeared repelling behavior to 0.1 mol L^?1 salicylaldehyde.     

Isolation and characterization of the polyphenoloxidase from senescent leaves of black poplar

The polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from black poplar senescent leaves has been purified to almost complete homogeneity by a combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G75 filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The purified enzyme has a MW of 60 000 and is probably a Cu⁺ enzyme. Peroxidase (PO) activity co-purifies with PPO and has the same MW as it. The two enzymes differ in pH optimum and in response to the effect of ionic strength. Natural phenols are either substrates, inhibitors or activators of black poplar PPO. This enzyme is an o-diphenoloxidase which binds substrates with K_m in the millimolar range. With caffeic and chlorogenic acids inhibition by excess substrate is observed. Benzoic acid phenols and cinnamic acid phenols are either competitive or non-competitive inhibitors of PPO. Hydroquinone is a highly potent non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme (K_i  90 μM). Ferulic acid is a potent activator of the PPO-catalysed oxidation of catechol (K_a  0.34 mM, ν_sat/ν_o  7.7).     

The EAG response and behavior of the Saperda populnea L. to volatiles from poplar branches

In order to investigate the effect of organic volatiles from poplar species on the host plants orientation of Saperda populnea, the essential oil in the 2–3 years old branches from the sapling or mature trees of Populus simonii Carr. and P. simonii Carr. × P. nigra L. were extracted using the steam distillation method. The chemical composition and relative content in essential oil from those branches was analyzed by GC–MS. The main components contained in those volatiles from the four kinds of branches are mainly aromatic compounds such as 1,2-cyclohexanedione, 2-cyclohexene-1-one, p-xylene and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and so on. The relative content of aromatic compounds contained in branches from saplings was higher than that contained in branches from old tress. EAG response and behavioral reaction of S. populnea L. to those four kinds of distillated essential oil were tested. The results shown that male and female adults of S. populnea L. shown significant choice behavior and strong olfactory response to those essential oil distillated from branches of P. simonii Carr. and P. simonii Carr. × P. nigra L.. The EAG bioassay of S. populnea L. to 10 kinds of monomers compounds which had relative higher contents was tested. The results shown that the EAG response of female adults of S. populnea L. to 1 mol L^?1 p-xylene was intensest and reached 1.027 mV, the strength of their EAG response to 0.1 mol L^?1 phenol took the second place. The EAG response of male adult of S. populnea L. to 1 mol L^?1 p-xylene was strongest and reached to 0.824 mV, the strength of their EAG response to 1 mol L^?1 salicylaldehyde took the second place. In the choice behavior test of S. populnea L. adult to monomeric compound carried out in ‘Y’ type olfactometer have found that female and male adult of S. populnea L. all appeared obvious positive taxis to 0.1 mol L^?1 p-xylene. The selection rate of female and male adults ware (76.7 ± 4.1)% and (71.7 ± 2.6)%, respectively. The selective reaction to 0.1 mol L^?1 1,2-cyclohexanedione and 2-cyclohexene-1-one were not obviously than that to 0.1 mol L^?1 p-xylene. The male and female adult of S. populnea L. appeared repelling behavior to 0.1 mol L^?1 salicylaldehyde.