Lignicolous freshwater ascomycota from Thailand: 1.Ascotaiwania sawada and its anamorph stateMonotosporella

Single ascospore isolates ofAscotaiwania sawada gave rise to conidia of aMonotosporella species. Repeated isolations confirmed that theMonotosporella was the anamorph ofA. sawada. These findings are discussed and compared with the other known anamorph-teleomorph stages of freshwater fungi. This species ofMonotosporella is new to science but because it has not been found in nature it is referred to as theMonotosporella state ofA. sawada.     

A new species ofClohiesia from Hong Kong

Clohiesia lignicola sp. nov. (freshwater ascomycetes) is introduced based on a specimen collected on submerged wood in the Tung Chung River, Hong Kong. Ascomata are clypeate, asci are cylindric-clavate with a relatively massive apical apparatus and ascospores are fusoid-ellipsoidal.Clohiesia lignicola differs fromC. corticola in having wider asci and wider fusoid-ellipsoidal ascospores, and larger ascomata.Clohiesia lignicola is described and illustrated with light micrographs and is also compared with species in the genus,Annulatascus.     

Colonization patterns of wood-inhabiting fungi on baits in Hong Kong rivers, with reference to the effects of organic pollution

The diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi was investigated by submerging woody baits at upstream and downstream sites of the Lam Tsuen and Tai Po Rivers in Hong Kong. The diversity of fungi in the Lam Tsuen River was also compared with that on natural woody substrates found in a previous study. There were differences in the species composition between the upstream and downstream sites, possibly reflecting natural variations along the river. The Tai Po River downstream was organically polluted, which appeared to have little effect on species diversity since more species were recorded. Organic pollution may, however, cause a shift in species composition. The fungal communities on baits and natural substrates in the Lam Tsuen River were similar, although a lower diversity was observed on baits. This may be related to the period of submergence and the fact that a single wood type was used. Cercophora spp. occurred frequently downstream in the Tai Po River, while the common species in the Lam Tsuen River were Aquaticola rhomboidea and Pseudoproboscispora aquatica. Further interpretation on the effects of organic pollution was limited because of single collection data but appropriate experimental designs – putting baits in unimpacted sites for assessing human impacts in streams – are suggested.     

Laccase activity of lignicolous aquatic hyphomycetes isolated from the River Nile in Egypt

Eleven species of aquatic hyphomycetes were isolated from 92 samples of different lignin sources (unidentified wood segments, skeleton and neck of leaves, bark). The most common species were Pyramidospora casuarina (on 3.7% of samples), Triscelophorus monosporus (3.2%) and Flagellospora curvula (3%). Varying levels of laccase activity were present in most of the fungi included in this study. The laccase plate assay was found to be much less reliable than the spectrophotometric assay. Several factors including type of growth medium, the media pH and assay pH had marked effects on laccase activity. A few species produced high levels of laccase in both malt extract (ME) medium and low N medium; however, a majority of the species produced laccase in low nitrogen (N) medium (pH 4.5) but not in the ME medium. When the tested species were grown in low N medium at pH 4.5, six species showed acidic laccase (pH 4.5) activity; of these, four also showed alkaline laccase (pH 8.2) activity. Alatospora acuminata and Tetracladium marchalianum exhibited laccase activity only when grown in the low N medium at pH 8.2. These results indicate that aquatic hyphomycetes may play a role in the decomposition of lignin materials in freshwater environments. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

蜗孢属两个新种和一个中国新记录

蜗孢属隶属于子囊菌门Ascomycota毛筒壳科Tubeufiaceae,它们形态特征独特,能够产生多种活性次级代谢产物,具有一定的应用前景。本研究从中国海南省采集的腐木标本上分离到3种卷旋型丝孢真菌,通过ITS、LSU、RPB2和TEF1α多基因系统发育分析证据结合形态学特征,确定了它们的分类地位。结果表明,其中2个物种为蜗孢属新种,1个物种为中国新记录。为纪念李玉院士在中国菌物学界做出的贡献,本文特将其中一个新物种命名为李玉蜗孢菌。     

Species diversity of freshwater hyphomycetes in some streams of Pakistan. Comparison of sampling techniques

Freshwater hyphomycete communities in four streams were sampled by filtration of water samples, trapping conidia in artificial foam, and examination of alder leaf pack baits and random sampling of naturally occurring submerged leaves. No two communities of freshwater hyphomycetes detected by different sampling techniques used singly in a stream showed 100% similarity. Based on relative frequency values, the same 10 top-ranking species in a stream were detected by artificial foam trap and on the baited leaves. These species differed in ranking, and the community in artificial foam was riche than on baited leaves. Of the various communities detected by different sampling techniques used singly or in combination, those detected by artificial foam trap or a combination of this technique with leaf baiting or with leaf baiting and randomly sampled leaves or filtration showed the highest similarity to the total community based on data generated using four sampling techniques simultaneously.This work was conducted under Grant No. PSF Project Environment 3 from the Pakistan Science Foundation.     

中国齿状真菌研究6.四个新记录种（英文）

报道了我国齿状木生真菌的4个新记录种,分别是:玫瑰色肉齿菌Climacodon roseomaculatus、带状小冠齿菌Hydnocristella himantia、棘丝刺齿耳Stecchericium acanthophysium和肾形齿耳Steccherinum reniforme。根据我国采集的标本对其进行了描述和绘图。     

中国革菌三新记录种(英文)

报道了中国革菌 3 个新记录种:鲑色胶囊革菌 Gloeocystidiellum salmoneum 和多瘤原毛平革菌 Phanerochaete tuberculata 采自北京市,瘤孢绒毛革菌 Tomentella griseoumbrina 采自吉林省。根据所采集的标本对这 3 种真菌进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图。     

Acanthophysis-like structures from wood submerged in freshwater streams in the tropics

Acanthophysis-like structures which commonly occur on submerged wood in the tropics are described and illustrated at the light microscope level. These are produced on fibre-like or rope-like strands and produce numerous detachable spinulose cells at their ends. These cells lack contents, do not germinate, and do not appear to be dispersal propagules. The acanthophysis-like structures may function as rhizomorphs enabling the fungus to colonize adjacent woody tissue, or serve to uptake oxygen from the water and these possibilities are discussed.     

分离自棕榈树根际土样的金孢属一新种(英文)

从我国海南省三亚市棕榈根际土样中分离到一金孢属新种——三亚金孢,对其进行了形态描述和基于ITS-5.8S rDNA序列的核苷酸序列分析。它的主要鉴别特征:具有球拍状的菌丝细胞和椭圆至桶状的间生孢子;顶生和侧生孢子着生在短突起或侧分枝上;具有近球形至卵圆形的分生孢子。     

孤孢属两新种

在对新疆及海南岛的捕食线虫真菌的调查中发现2个真菌与已报道的孤孢属的真菌不同,确定为新种——长梗孤孢菌(Monacrosporium longiphorum Liu et Lu sp. nov.)和小舟形孤孢菌(Monacrosporium microscaphoides Liu et Lu sp. nov.)。长梗孤孢菌主要特征为分生孢子梗较长,448-660 μm,分生孢子3-4个分隔,39-65(54) × 13-22(18) μm。小舟形孤孢菌主要特征为孢子较小,0-3个分隔,以2个分隔为主,23-39(29) × 8-15.5(12)μm。在老的培养物中可见球形串生的厚垣孢子。     

中国多孔菌属一新记录种

假桦多孔菌(Polyporus pseudobetulinus)采于吉林省长白山自然保护区,为中国多孔菌属一新记录种。文中根据所采集的材料对其进行了详细描述和绘图,并对相似种进行了讨论。     

广西土壤中的暗色丝孢菌Ⅰ

从广西壮族自治区不同生态环境中采集土壤样品53份,采用土壤平板法和稀释法,从中分离出78个暗色丝孢菌分离物,经鉴定分属20属,33种。其中,弯孢耳孢霉Codinaea curvispora、广西腐质霉Humicola guangxiensis为新种。模式及其他研究过的标本(干制培养物)及活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP),等模式标本(干制培养物)存放在中国科学院真菌标本馆(HMAS)。     

葡萄穗霉属四新种暨中国土壤中该属真菌已知种检索表

从中国不同地区的土壤中分离获得葡萄穗霉属Stachybotrys 4个新种:阿克苏葡萄穗霉S.aksuensis、两形葡萄穗霉S.biformis、海滨葡萄穗霉S.littoralis和玉树葡萄穗霉S.yushuensis。对新种与各自相似种的区别进行了讨论。文中为中国土壤中已知的24种葡萄穗霉菌提供了检索表。新种模式标本(干制培养物)与活菌种保藏于山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP),等模式标本(干制培养物)存放在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

齿梗孢属（丝孢纲）5个新种及中国土壤中本属真菌已知种检索表

报道5个中国土壤中齿梗孢属新种:细基齿梗孢Scolecobasidium acutimum、不等齿梗孢S.anisomerum、弯孢齿梗孢S.curvularioides、近球齿梗孢S.spheroideum和浙江齿梗孢S.zhejiangense。对新种与各自相似种的区别进行了讨论。文末附有中国土壤中已知22种齿梗孢属真菌的检索表。新种模式标本(干制培养物)与活菌种保藏于山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP),等模式标本(干制培养物)存放在中国科学院真菌标本馆(HMAS)。     

Factors affecting the distribution of lignicolous marine fungi in Hong Kong

An investigation into the effect of environmental factors on the general distribution and occurrence of lignicolous marine fungi using submerged blocks of pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and teak (Tectona grandis L.) was carried out for 18 months in the coastal waters of Hong Kong. Five test sites, with environmental conditions varying from estuarine to oceanic, and from polluted to non-polluted, were selected. During each collection, salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen, inorganic phosphate-phosphorus and light transmission were measured. A total of 51 species of fungi were recorded among which only 28 were either obligate or facultative marine forms. Neither the general distribution pattern nor the distribution of the more frequent fungi could be solely accounted for by differences in salinity at the test sites and it is suggested that other ecological factors such as heavy sediments in the waters, low pH, and the presence of an abundant source of inocula may be important.     

中国小木层孔菌属研究

小木层孔菌属的种类在我国共有7种,其中芳香小木层孔菌Phellinidium fragrans为中国首次报道,该种发现于吉林省长白山自然保护区,与同属其它种的区别是子实体多年生、平伏、具有芳香气味,其担孢子在同属的种类中最小,菌肉中具有形状不规则的厚垣孢子。根据中国的材料对这个种进行了详细描述和显微结构绘图。给出了该属种类的检索表,并将每种孢子统计数据列在检索表中。     

中国西藏土壤中节格孢属真菌的三个新种

从中国西藏土壤中分离到3种节格孢属Scytalidium真菌,据形态学特征和分子系统学分析,他们不属于该属中任何已知种,遂在本文中作为新种加以描述和发表,它们是：具有多纵隔膜的中国节格孢S. chinense、能产红色色素的西藏节格孢S. tibetense和孢子与菌丝均具瘤突的具瘤节格孢S. tuberculatum。新种的模式标本（干制培养物）分别保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（HSAUP）和中国科学院菌物标本馆（HMAS）。