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【目的】明确白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea毒液对其寄主美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea蛹细胞免疫的影响。【方法】采用Na_2-EDTA分离美国白蛾蛹颗粒细胞,尼龙毛法分离浆血细胞,再利用细胞离体培养法,测评了白蛾周氏啮小蜂毒液对寄主美国白蛾两种血细胞包囊作用和吞噬作用的影响。【结果】美国白蛾颗粒细胞的包囊指数强于浆血细胞。白蛾周氏啮小蜂毒液对颗粒细胞和浆血细胞的包囊指数均有明显的抑制作用,毒液浓度越大,抑制作用越强,两种血细胞的包囊作用均呈先增长后降低的趋势。在所有浓度毒液处理下,颗粒细胞的包囊指数在12 h时最强。未经小蜂毒液处理的浆血细胞包囊指数在15 h时达到最强,但经浓度为0.01~0.03 VRE/μL的毒液处理后浆血细胞的包囊指数在12 h时达到最强,而经浓度为0.04~0.10 VRE/μL的毒液处理后包囊指数在9 h时最强。白蛾周氏啮小蜂毒液对美国白蛾蛹颗粒细胞的吞噬作用强于浆血细胞。毒液对两种血细胞的吞噬能力均有明显的抑制作用,但毒液处理对浆血细胞的吞噬作用影响较小。【结论】白蛾周氏啮小蜂毒液可以抑制美国白蛾蛹颗粒细胞和浆血细胞的包囊作用和吞噬作用,且随着毒液浓度的增加,两种血细胞的免疫作用显著下降。 相似文献
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【目的】白蛾周氏啮小蜂为重大入侵害虫美国白蛾的主要天敌。本课题组前期通过转录组测序技术筛选出8个主要在白蛾周氏啮小蜂雌性触角中表达的气味结合蛋白OBPs。然而目前,对这些OBPs的具体结构和功能仍不清楚。因此,选取一个在雌性周氏啮小蜂触角特异表达的气味结合蛋白OBP1,通过分子对接技术模拟寄主挥发物与OBP1的结合情况。【方法】通过Swiss-Model对白蛾周氏啮小蜂气味结合蛋白CcOBP1进行同源建模,获得该蛋白的三维结构。从Pubchem下载γ-丁内酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和萘等11种小分子的三维结构。用Schrodinger Suites 2015-2中的maestro10.2软件进行分子对接。【结果】在11种挥发物中,有3种与CcOBP1结合特性较好的小分子物质,分别是γ-丁内酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和萘。【结论】白蛾周氏啮小蜂气味结合蛋白CcOBP1与γ-丁内酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和萘结合特性较好,CcOBP1的功能可能与白蛾周氏啮小蜂的趋避效应相关,该结果初步探明了白蛾周氏啮小蜂OBP1的功能,可为白蛾周氏啮小蜂嗅觉分子机制的研究积累数据。 相似文献
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白蛾周氏啮小蜂滞育诱导及滞育后发育 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
本研究针对人工繁育白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang过程中出现的小蜂滞育现象, 对其滞育诱导的光周期反应及敏感光照虫态进行了调查。结果表明: 沈阳地区的白蛾周氏啮小蜂属长日照型昆虫, 以老熟幼虫进入滞育状态, 但在不同的温度条件下诱导滞育的临界光周期不同, 在18℃时诱导滞育的临界光周期处于13L∶11D和14L∶10D之间; 在21℃和24℃时诱导滞育的临界光周期变短, 处于12L∶12D和13L∶11D之间。白蛾周氏啮小蜂滞育诱导的敏感光照虫态为幼虫期, 且以幼虫的后期最为敏感, 但整个幼虫期接受短光照对滞育的形成更为有利。通过观察白蛾周氏啮小蜂滞育后在18℃, 21℃, 24℃和30℃的恒温条件下的发育历期, 由最小二乘法计算出白蛾周氏啮小蜂老熟幼虫滞育后发育起点温度和有效积温分别为14.60±0.31℃和209.38±8.72日·度。这些结果可为进一步研究白蛾周氏啮小蜂的种蜂长期保存技术和指导商品蜂生产, 正确把握放蜂时机提供理论依据。 相似文献
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[目的] 生物防治与化学防治相结合是害虫综合防治的重要策略,蛹寄生蜂白蛾周氏啮小蜂是一种重要的天敌昆虫,在美国白蛾的生物防控中起关键作用。本研究旨在评估农林生产中常用的广谱、低毒杀虫剂多杀菌素对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的安全性。[方法] 采用药膜法检测多杀菌素对小蜂的毒力,并检测亚致死浓度多杀菌素处理后,小蜂体内解毒酶活性的变化。[结果] 多杀菌素对小蜂无短期(1 h)触杀作用,但随施药时间延长,其对小蜂的毒杀作用增强,25 mg·L-1多杀菌素施药2 h后,可诱导约18.67%小蜂个体死亡。施药4 h后,不同浓度多杀菌素对小蜂的毒杀作用差异最明显,低浓度(5 mg·L-1)多杀菌素可诱导11.33%小蜂死亡,而中、高浓度多杀菌素(≥ 15 mg·L-1)可诱导77.33%~88.00%个体死亡。施药6 h后,LC50值达7.44 mg·L-1,安全系数为0.31,属高风险性农药。此外,亚致死浓度多杀菌素可明显诱导小蜂羧酸酯酶活性提高,对乙酰胆碱酯酶与谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性具有剂量效应。[结论] 多杀菌素对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的毒力作用较强,在美国白蛾生防区需慎用。 相似文献
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Bei Xin Peixuan Liu Shun Zhang Zhongqi Yang Kent M. Daane 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2017,27(3):301-310
Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an effective parasitoid of many lepidopteran pests in China. Specifically, C. cunea has successfully suppressed populations of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), an invasive and quarantined pest in China. Fall webworm biological control programmes in China have been aided by the development of artificial rearing technology for C. cunea. While researchers have determined some aspects of this parasitoid’s biology, such as fecundity and ratio of female offspring, as well as rearing methods, there was less information on the behavioural and ecological mechanisms by which C. cunea regulates host populations. Here, we review the research and application of C. cunea since it was first discovered in China. 相似文献
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重大外来入侵害虫——美国白蛾生物防治技术研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)是重大外来入侵害虫,对我国林业和园林绿化造成重大危害,尤其是近年来美国白蛾传入北京,严重威胁着我国“绿色奥运”的顺利举办和首都园林绿化及生态环境安全。根据美国白蛾多发生在居民区、乡镇和城市的特点,作者开展对环境安全的生物防治技术研究。汲取前苏联等国家从美国白蛾的原产地引进天敌进行生物防治没有成功的经验和教训,立足调查和寻找我国本土天敌。经过21年的努力,发现和筛选出白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang(新属新种)这种寄生美国白蛾的特优天敌;研究这种小蜂的行为学、生态学、生物学、解剖学及人工大量繁殖、放蜂防治技术;筛选出人工大量繁殖小蜂的替代寄主,解决小蜂的大量繁殖的瓶颈问题;通过放蜂防治试验,取得良好的防治效果。同时,筛选出防治美国白蛾的高毒力HcNPV病毒毒株,研制出美国白蛾人工饲料,利用人工饲料大量饲养美国白蛾幼虫,然后接种扩增病毒,成功解决HcNPV病毒大量扩增生产和常年生产的技术难题,做到病毒的规模化生产和常年生产,保证大面积生产防治的需要和病毒质量。研究出利用天敌昆虫和病原微生物综合应用的防治模式:在美国白蛾幼虫期喷洒HcNPV病毒,蛹期释放白蛾周氏啮小蜂,达到既控制当代美国白蛾的危害,又有效抑制其下代的种群数量,取得长期的持续控制美国白蛾的防治效果。上海市、大连市、烟台市和青岛市利用该项技术已经完全控制美国白蛾,特别是上海市利用本项生物防治技术防治后,已经连续6年没有再发现美国白蛾。由于该项生物防治技术利用的是自然界原有的控制害虫的生态因子,因而对环境安全,做到既消灭害虫,又保证生态环境和人畜的安全,也保护生物多样性。该项研究成果也为北京采用“绿色”防治技术有效控制美国白蛾提供重要的科技支撑和技术保障。 相似文献
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The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury, is an economically important introduced pest in China. A native pupal endoparasitoid, Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae) causes considerable mortality of H. cunea pupae in some areas of China. Alternative hosts of C. cunea were tested to find potential substitute hosts for mass rearing the parasitoid. Antheraea pernyi Guerin-Meneville (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was chosen as a surrogate host as a single pupa produced an average of 6552 wasps and a maximum of 11,256 per pupa. A mass-rearing technique and successful release program of this parasitoid is described. Parasitism by C. cunea in the areas where it was released averaged 67.74% and was usually over 80%. Other native parasitoids, such as Coccygomimus disparis (Viereck), C. parnasae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Exorita japonica Townes (Diptera: Tachnidae), caused the total average parasitism to exceed 90% on average, reaching a maximum of 96.28% in the release areas. These successful releases indicate that an introduced pest species can also be controlled by the mass-rearing and release of native parasitoids in the country of introduction. 相似文献
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美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea原产于北美地区,1979年首次在我国辽宁省丹东地区发现,目前已扩散至江苏省南京市等地区,并有进一步扩散的趋势。由于其寄主范围广,适应能力强,危害严重,因此给我国林业生产造成了重大损失。美国白蛾1~4龄幼虫常聚集危害,4龄后开始破网分散危害。本文旨在探明幼虫密度变化对其生活史参数的影响,为解析美国白蛾种群动态变化规律提供科学依据。于温度25℃±1℃和光周期16 L∶8 D条件下,设置5头、10头、20头、40头和80头幼虫/容器5个密度处理组,待幼虫化蛹和成虫羽化后,分别检测幼虫龄期与成活率、蛹的体型(体长和体宽)与体重及成活率、成虫体型(成虫头幅宽度、前翅长度和后足腿节长度)与寿命及繁殖力等生活史参数。结果表明,幼虫密度增加缩短了幼虫发育历期,同时降低了幼虫成活率。幼虫密度增加对蛹重、蛹长、雌蛹宽度及蛹成活率有明显的负效应,但对雄蛹宽度无显著影响。幼虫密度增加对雌虫头幅宽度、雌虫繁殖力、成虫寿命与卵直径具明显负面影响,对雄虫头幅宽度与雌虫前翅长度无显著影响,对成虫后足腿节长度、雄虫前翅长度则具正面影响。因此,本研究表明幼虫密度对美国白蛾不同阶段的生活史参数具调控作用,其中幼虫密度增加对幼虫成活率、蛹的体型与体重及成活率、雌虫繁殖力与卵直径及成虫寿命的负面影响对其种群适合度可能是不利的;然而,成虫对幼虫密度增加会采取一定的适应策略,高密度条件下羽化的成虫具较长的后足腿节与前翅长度以提高其迁移扩散半径,有助于减轻子代种内竞争压力,进而提高种群适合度。 相似文献
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Sang Dae Lee Seon Sook Lee Hak R. Kim 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》1995,28(2):113-129
Yolk proteins (YP1, YP2, and YP3) of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, are of relatively low molecular weight. Yolk protein-2 (YP2) was purified from gel slices and by KBr density gradient ultracentrifugation followed by ion exchange chromatography. YP2 is composed of one subunit with a molecular weight of 35.5 kDa. YP2 contains neutral lipids (diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol) and phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine). The neutral lipids are largely composed of lauric acid and palmitoleic acid. YP2 contains relatively large amounts of glutamic acid and aspartic acid but small amounts of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and methionine. YP2 is a vitellin (Vn) synthesized by the fat body. Vitellogenin-2 (Vg2), the precursor of YP2, is present in very small amounts in the hemolymph. Lipophorin and storage protein also are found in the ovary of H. cunea, and these proteins do not immunologically cross-react with YP2. YP2 is detected in first instar larvae but completely disappears during the second instar, indicating that YP2 is intensively utilized during postembryonic development. Anti-YP2 antibodies cross-react with ovarial extracts of Bombyx mori but not with those of insects from other orders such as Cletus schmidti (Hemiptera), Lucilia illustris (Diptera), Anechura japonica (Dermaptera), Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera), and Ducetia japonica (Orthoptera). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Abstract: An enzyme that possesses glutathione S -transferase (GST) activity was found in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea . The enzyme was purified to homogeneity for the first time by ammonium sulphate fractionation and affinity chromatography. The N-terminal sequence of the purified protein was similar to those of Sigma-class GSTs. The purified GST retained more than 75% of its original GST activity after incubation at pH 5–8. Incubation for 30 min at temperatures below 50°C scarcely affected the activity. The enzyme was able to catalyse the reaction of glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a universal substrate for GST, as well as with 4-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation. 相似文献