Histopathological definition of the adult and calf types of bovine leukosis

Histopathological distinctions were examined on 36 cattle 2 months to 12 years of age affected with leukosis. The distribution of tumors pointed out previously as the characteristic of the adult type of leukosis was observed in 27 adult cases, which, except two, were positive for the immunodiffusion test of bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The noticeable development of massive and lumpy tumors in serosa, loose connective tissue, and lymph nodes seemed to suggest a neoplastic accumulation in areas related to the lymphatic way. Splenic involvement and intrasinusoidal leukotic immigration in the liver were present in cases with the leukemic manifestation of peripheral blood. The neoplastic involvement of bone marrow, however, was difficult to find. On the other hand, in 5 calves and 4 adolescent or adult cattle, the neoplastic proliferation was observed throughout such hematopoietic organs as lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, spleen, thymus and tonsil. The hepatic lesion was characterized by the neoplastic proliferation in the portal triads No BLV antibody could be detected from these cattle, except one adult. As the conclusion of the present study, the tumor of adult type regarded as the pathologic manifestation of enzootic bovine leukosis is defined as malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or lymphosarcoma) of undifferentiated-, histiocytic-, or poorly- differentiated lymphocytic- cell type. And lymphocytic leukemia seems to be desirable term to distinguish the lymphoid malignancy regarded as the characteristic of the calf type from that of the adult type.     

Histopathological study on inflammation in cholecystoses

At present, according to the unanimously accepted data, cholecystoses are noninflammatory, nonlithiasic, gallbladder diseases. However the authors' experience has proved that the inflammatory process is much more frequent than it is believed and often associated also with lithiasis, a fact which, in the authors' opinion, would justify a reconsideration of this group of diseases. This study, based on histopathologic examination, was carried out in 1,630 gallbladder specimens, surgically removed. Out of these, 278 (17.05 per cent) were identified as cholecystoses; 156 out of them were cholesteroloses and 122 diverticular diseases of the gallbladder. Inflammation as a well defined morphologic process was found in 104 cases (66.67 per cent) of cholesterolosis and in 119 cases (97.54 per cent) of diverticular disease, therefore 80.21 per cent of the cases of cholecystosis examined were associated with inflammation. As regards lithiasis, it was present in 131 of the cases (46.76 per cent). The inflammatory process presented a chronic aspect with no other particular morphologic characteristics. By correlating the histopathologic data with the clinical evolutive ones, it was observed that the presence of inflammation corresponded with a clinical evolution of the disease of about three years. The authors believed that the group of cholecystoses should be reconsidered bearing in mind that inflammation is present in most of the cases and in almost half of them it is associated with lithiases. Under these conditions the sphere of chronic nonlithiasic, noninflammatory gallbladder diseases becomes considerably reduced today.     

Eumycetic mycetoma due to Madurella mycetomatis. Report of six cases.

We report six cases of mycetoma due to Madurella mycetomatis. Five men and a woman from 28 to 70 years of age, and a history of one to ten years. In four of them the foot was affected, in another the wrist, and one exceptional case with neck involvement after an iguana bite. The response to treatment was irregular and not satisfactory.     

Histopathological study of corpora amylacea pulmonum

In this paper, we present a rare disorder which is known as corpora amylacea pulmonum. X-ray CT scanning showed an abnormal focus of the lung as a solitary mass with high density and spicular features around the surface. The resected lung tissue was characterized by the appearance of round, concentrically laminated acellular bodies about 40-80 microns in diameter. The bodies were usually found lying free in the alveolar space and surrounded by the exudate alveolar macrophages or multinuclear giant cells. Some of these macrophages were in a state of progressive degeneration. The bodies showed an affinity for Congo red and exhibited partial birefringence. Moreover, all the bodies had a strong positivity for the PAS reaction and anti lysozyme antibodies. The exudate alveolar macrophages and multinuclear giant cells also displayed reactivity for PAS and lysozyme in a similar manner to that of the bodies. Electron microscopically the bodies were fundamentally composed of fibrillar elements, which bore some resemblance to amyloid fibrils and probably accounted for the partial affinity of the bodies for Congo red. These amyloid-like fibrils were also found in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. This suggested that the concentrically laminated bodies in corpora amylacea pulmonum might be formed by sequential aggregation, fusion, coalescence and compaction of degenerated alveolar macrophages.     

Conformational study of calf brain tubulin

The conformation of calf brain tubulin has been monitored by circular dichroism, optical rotatory dispersion, and spectrophotometric titration as a function of pH, temperature, ligand concentrations, and denaturants. At pH 7, calf brain tubulin maintains its structural integrity between 5 and 37 °C as determined by circular dichroism. Furthermore, the presence of MgCl ₂ up to 1.6 × 10^?2m does not induce any observable changes in the circular dichroism spectra, nor does 10^?4m CaCl₂. With increasing pH, the spectral data can best be described as a gradual loosening of the secondary structure between pH 7 and 9. Both spectral and titrimetric data suggest a major unfolding of tubulin between pH 9 and 10. The apparent pK of tyrosine shifts from 10.85 to 9.98 upon transferring from buffer to 6 m guanidine hydrochloride, indicating that at least 14 of the 15 tyrosine groups are not fully accessible to protons in the native protein. The single disulfide bridge in calf brain tubulin helps to maintain a domain which is highly resistant to unfolding by denaturants.     

Microfilariae in association with other diseases. A report of six cases

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical countries. Earlier reports have reported microfilariae as an incidental finding in body fluids and fine needle aspiration smears from various sites. CASES: The findings of body fluid cytology and fine needle aspiration smears from six patients with microfilariae in association with other conditions--tubercular pleural effusion/lymphadenitis, pregnancy and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--are presented. Three patients demonstrated an associated eosinophilic cellular exudate. Adherence of inflammatory cells to microfilariae was seen in two patients. CONCLUSION: Although microfilariae in cytologic smears are considered incidental findings, the association of microfilariae with debilitating conditions suggests that it is an opportunistic infection and needs further study.     

Clinicopathologic study of six cases of meningitis and meningoencephalitis in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Three fatal cases of purulent meningitis and one fatal case of thromboembolic necrotizing meningoencephalitis occurred in chimpanzees from the Primate Center TNO, The Netherlands. In addition, two apes had clinical signs of meningitis and were successfully treated. The severity of the residual hemiparesis and dysphagia in one of these two apes was such that it was killed for humane reasons. The histopathological diagnosis was chronic active meningoencephalitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from five apes and Klebsiella pneumoniae from one. In the majority of cases, the primary site of infection was the upper respiratory tract. After reducing the population density, initiating a vaccination program using a commercially available human polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine, and changing the cleaning procedure of the animal facilities, no other cases of meningitis or meningoencephalitis have occurred in the chimpanzee colony in the ensuing 3.5 years.     

Brugia pahangi: Histopathological study of golden hamsters

Sixteen male hamsters were inoculated subcutaneously with 95 to 150 infective larvae of B. pahangi and were examined for histopathologic lesions at 39–109 days postinfection. The basic microscopic lesion observed was obstructive granulomatous lymphangitis. Analogous lymph node changes sometimes occurred along with lymphoreticular hyperplasia and increased numbers of eosinophils. Cellular infiltration of perivascular and perinodal tissues was common, with plasma cells and eosinophils predominating. Genital lesions included funiculitis, epididymitis, and mild orchitis. Live and dead worms were found in the testicular parenchyma. Pulmonary changes in hamsters infected more than 105 days included multiple small, granulomatous foci and periarteriolar, peribronchiolar, and subpleural cellular accumulations of plasma cells and eosinophils. Granulomatous obstruction of pulmonary arteries associated with dead worms was observed in two hamsters infected for 39–45 days and in one hamster infected for 109 days. Small liver granulomas were common. Disintegrating microfilariae occurred within giant cells in the lymph nodes, spleen, lungs, and testes.     

alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity in calf thymus. A high-resolution 1H-NMR study

In calf thymus an alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity has been detected that transfers galactosyl residues from UDP-galactose to suitable acceptors having galactose at the non-reducing terminus. For example, incubation of UDP-[14C]galactose and Gal beta(1 leads to 4) GlcNAc (N-acetyllactosamine) in the presence of a calf thymus cell-free suspension containing this galactosyltransferase activity resulted in the enzymic synthesis of a 14C-labelled trisaccharide. 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed the structure of the trisaccharide to be: Gal alpha (1 leads to 3) Gal beta (1 leads to 4) GlcNAc. This study illustrates the suitability of the 1H-NMR method for the analysis of enzymic conversions of carbohydrate chains.     

牛肾细胞传代稳定性研究

为了掌握牛肾细胞在体外连续传代过程中的增殖特点,将原代牛肾细胞培养形成良好单层后,按4×104个细胞/cm2连续进行传代,测定毎代次收获的细胞数,并记录每代细胞培养时形成良好单层的时间。结果显示,原代牛肾细胞传代至24代时,培养96h仍能形成良好单层,且细胞形态基本保持一致,遗传物质稳定,为建立牛肾细胞库奠定了基础。     

Prognostic aspects of aplastic anemia in pregnancy. Experience on six cases and review of the literature

Our resent experience on six cases of aplastic anemia complicated with pregnancy is described. In addition, 43 similar cases were collected from the literature and reviewed to analyze some prognostic aspects of this relatively rare but potentially serious complication. Clinical and hematological data were treated to extract some clinically meaningful factors in relation to the success and failure of pregnancy. Among initial hematological parameters, no significant difference was found between successful and unsuccessful cases with an exception of hemoglobin concentration. The patients diagnosed as aplastic anemia prior to conception demonstrated an better outcome of pregnancy as well as survival rate of mother when compared with those diagnosed during pregnancy. Mortality has apparently improved after the late 1950's. Success rate of pregnancy before 1958 was 21%, while it was 67% and 71% in the era of 1959-1969 and after 1970, respectively. However, hemorrhage and infection remained to be two major causes of maternal death in both eras. Based on these observations, the currently recommendable attitude to this complication is discussed.     

Left atrial myxoma: report of six cases and review of the literature.

Six left atrial myxomas were detected at one hospital in a 15-month period. These tumours are not as rare as was once thought and they frequently cause systemic problems. The diagnosis may easily be missed, but echocardiography is a simple way of establishing the diagnosis. Excision of the tumour usually results in marked symptomatic improvement.     

Effect of calf endometrium nuclei on human estradiol receptor complex; an in vitro study.

A heterogenous system was created containing purified calf endometrium nuclei and cytosol from adult human uterine tissue to test whether calf endometrium nuclei are able to convert the 4S-form of the estradiol receptor complex into the well known 5S form extracted under high salt conditions from uterine nuclei.Quite in contrast to the receptor hormone complex from immature tissue the complex from mature uterine tissue is translocated in a temperature independent step into calf endomertium nuclei.     

Paracoccidioidomycosis: Study of six cases with ocular involvement

We present 6 patients with ocular involvement due to paracoccidioidomycosis. All cases were confirmed by the finding of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in histopathological or direct mycologic examination of material from the lesion in the eyelid or conjunctiva. In two cases the bulbar conjunctiva was also involved, in another the cornea, and still another patient developed endophthalmitis. The presence of this mutilating disease which may lead to blindness should be suspected when chronic blepharitis or palpebral ulcerated papular lesions are detected in patients from endemic areas of paracoccidioidomycosis. This etiology should also be suspected in patients with anterior and posterior uveitis after discarding the most frequent causes of this condition.