Moravecia australiensis n. g., n. sp. (Dracunculoidea: Guyanemidae) from the gills of the green porcupine fish Tragulichthys jaculiferus (Cuvier) in Australia

A new dracunculoid genus and species, Moravecia australiensis, is described from gill-filaments of the green porcupine fish Tragulichthys jaculiferus (Cuvier) (Tetraodontiformes: Diodontidae) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Abundant mobile larvae and a few adult males with females occurred in the gill-filament between the epithelial basement membrane and efferent artery. Gills of all 69 fish examined contained larvae. Eleven harboured adult nematodes of a previously undescribed species belonging to the family Guyanemidae. The new species is placed within a newly proposed genus because it differs from the four existing genera in the family in possessing fine cuticular transverse striations, two forward protruding cephalic elevations, a circumoral elevation, a small triangular mouth surrounded by six cephalic papillae arranged in two lateral clusters of three each and a pair of large lateral amphids. Males have two pairs of pedunculate caudal papillae supporting the caudal alae. A key to the genera of the Guyanemidae is presented.     

Hydromermis contorta (Kohn) and Hydromermis pseudocontorta n. sp. from chironomids of Lake Itasca and Long Lake, Minnesota

Hydromermis contorta (Kohn) and Hydromermis pseudocontorta n. sp. are described from chironomids in Lake Itasca and Long Lake, Minnesota, respectively. The former was recovered from adult females of Glyptotendipes paripes (Edwards) and the latter from fourth-instar larvae of Chironomus sp. Hydromermis pseudocontorta n. sp. resembles H. contorta in cephalic structures, overall size, and the presence of a restricted trophosome in the female. The terminal mouth, long uterine and vulvar limbs of the vagina, and the strongly chitinized brownish spicule of H. contorta contrast with the subventral mouth, short vaginal limbs, and the light yellow spicule of H. pseudocontorta n. sp. Both nematode species emerge from the host as sexually mature adults and both species give evidence of mating while in the host. The H. contorta described by Welch is designated as a new species, Hydromermis albionis n. sp.     

Litomosoides yutajensis n. sp., first record of this filarial genus in a mormoopid bat

Twenty-five bats were trapped in Yutaje (Amazonas, Venezuela) and examined for Litomosoides (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae). Of the nine recovered bat species, only Pteronotus parnelli was infected; it is a cave-dwelling species belonging to a family, Mormoopidae, which has not previously been included in the host range of the genus. The new species, L. yutajensis n. sp., has two median cephalic bosses covered with rugosities and differs from the 15 recognized species and subspecies from bats in several characters. Alike L. molossi Esslinger, 1973, L. chandleri Esslinger, 1973 and L. chitwoodi Bain, Guerrero, Rodriguez 2003, the new species has cuticular lateral bosses on the body. Eight of 10 P. parnelli were microfilaraemic, but only three had adult worms, showing that microfilariae survive longer than adults, which could lengthen the period of transmission. No infective larvae were detected in the following macronyssid mites: 58 Ornithonyssus bacoti, Ornithonyssinae, experimentally fed on microfilaraemic bats and dissected 15 days later, and a few Radfordiella sp., Macronyssinae, recovered from P. parnelli.     

北京猛禽两种旋尾类寄生线虫的报道(线虫纲,旋尾目)(英文)

报道寄生于北京猛禽的2种旋尾类线虫,其中一种为新种,另一种为中国新纪录种。作者分别对其做了光镜和电镜观察。北京副旋翼线虫,新种Paraspiralatus beijingensis sp.nov.采自于雕鸮的口腔和胃内,它与P. sakeri Gibbons,Nicholls &Bailey,2004的不同之处在于具有单个的肛前乳突,右交合刺远末端弯向背侧并稍微膨大而P. sakeri的交合刺远末端是直的,不膨大,呈钝尖形。纵纹腹小鸮无肛线虫Aprocta noctuae Spaul,1928采自红角鸮的体腔。本次所观察标本在形态上,如交合刺的长短和形状,尾乳突的数目和排列,阴门的位置,卵的大小等,都与前人对A. noctuae的描述一致。但是电子扫描电镜结果显示,A. noctuae的头端具有8个头乳突而不是4个,线虫角质层具有精细的横纹。A. noctuae为我国新纪录种。标本保存于河北师范大学生命科学学院。     

Durikainema phascolarcti n. sp. (Nematoda: Muspiceoidea: Robertdollfusidae) from the pulmonary arteries of the koala Phascolarctos cinereus with associated pathological changes

Durikainema phascolarcti n. sp. (Nematoda: Muspiceoidea) is described from koalas Phascolarctos cinereus in coastal New South Wales, Australia. Adults were recovered from pulmonary arteries and arterioles, and larvae were observed in blood vessels and free in tissues of lung, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, liver, kidney, uterus, cervix and bladder. D. phascolarcti is distinguished from D. macropi, the only other member of the genus, by the minute size of the male (easily mistaken for a larva), the small size and simple shape of the spicule, the reduced number and exclusively post-anal position of the caudal papillae in the male, the shorter length of the larva and the presence of a large cuticular cephalic inflation in the larva, as occurs in adults. No reactions were observed in pulmonary arteries and medium-sized vessels containing adult D. phascolarcti. Nevertheless, some individual transverse sections of these pulmonary vessels contained as many as 135 sections of nematode occupying >95% of the diameter of the vessel. Such levels of infection in these important vessels probably compromise respiration and circulation, and affect the health of the animal.     

Description of Boleodorus Bushehrensis n. Sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from Southern Iran,and Observations on a Commonly Known Species

A new species of the genus Boleodorus, recovered from southern Iran, is described and illustrated based upon morphological and molecular data. B. bushehrensis n. sp. is mainly characterized by having a wide and low cephalic region (which is continuous with the adjacent body), the oral aperture in a depression in side view under a light microscope, four lines in the lateral field, weak metacorpus with a vestigial-to-invisible valve, and short (26–38 mm long) hooked tail with rounded tip. The females are 334–464 mm long and have a spherical spermatheca filled with spheroid sperm; males have 11.5- to 12.0-mm-long spicules and weakly developed bursa. The new species has an annulated low cephalic region, four large cephalic papillae, and small crescent-shaped amphidial openings when observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its morphological and morphometric differences with seven known species are discussed. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other relevant genera and species have been studied using partial sequences of small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA). In both the SSU and LSU phylogenies, the sequences of B. bushehrensis n. sp. and other Boleodorus spp. formed a clade. A second species, B. thylactus, when studied under SEM, has a raised, smooth cephalic region, four large cephalic papillae, and oblique amphidial slits, with the oral opening in a depression.     

Pterygodermatites variabilis n. sp. (Nematoda: Rictularioidea) from the Indian gerbils of Pakistan

Pterygodermatites variabilis n. sp. (Nematoda: Rictulalarioidea) from the Indian gerbils Tatera indica collected from Sind and Baluchistan Provinces of Pakistan is described and compared with closely related species of the genus recovered from small mammalian hosts. The new species is characterised by a combination of the following characters: it possesses a regular crown of 26 and 14–38 denticles in male and female specimens respectively, 40–47 pairs of pre-vulvar spines, and a variable position of the vulva in specimens collected from different localities: it also differs in the size of the spicules and gubernaculum.     

Rhabdias collaris n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from frogs of Tanzania

Rhabdias collaris n. sp. (Rhabditoidea: Rhabdiasidae) is described from Leptopelis vermiculatus (Boulenger, 1909) (Hyperoliidae: Leptopelinae) (type host) and Hyperolius sp. (Hyperoliinae) of Amani, Tanzania. This species differs from all others in the genus in possessing a cephalic end which is markedly thickened by four peripheral muscle bundles. The muscular mass extends anteriorly forming a concave depression at the base of which the mouth is located.     

Ameson hybomitrae sp. n. (Microsporidia, Pereziidae) from gadflies of Karelia

Microsporidia of the genus Ameson were recorded from larvae of horseflies of the genus Hybomitra in Karelia. Earlier these Microsporidia were recorded from crustaceans. The infection extensiveness ranges from 5.1 to 10.5%. The parasites develop in musculature, fat body and salivary glands of the host. The new species has uninucleate, single-located egg- and pear-shaped spores. The ultrafine structure of developmental stages and spores is studied.     

Description and Bionomics of Mesomermis camdenensis n. sp. (Mermithidae), a Parasite of Black Flies (Simuliidae)

Mesomermis camdenensis n. sp. is described from larvae of Simulium tuberosum (lundstroem) collected in Camden Valley Creek, Washington County, New York. This species possesses a barrel-shaped vagina, vulval flap. two short separate spicules, terminal mouth, six longitudinal chords, six cephalic papillae, large sexually dimorpbic anaphids, an esophagns of uniform width which extends for less than one-third of the body length, and a cone-shaped tail directed ventrally without appendage. Juveniles also are described and illustrated.A detailed morphological comparison with the mermithid M. flumenalis Welch is presented. The most pronounced morphological differences between these species are in the shape of the vulva, juvenile tail, and infective stage. Cross-mating trials support the integrity of the new species.The life cycle of M. camdenensis is closely synchronized with that of its primary host, S. tuberosum larvae. Infected S. tuberosum larvae were first collected in May. Emergence of postparasites from late instars took place from mid-June through mid-October. Sampling data indicate a lower susceptibility to infection among S. venuslum Say larvae.     

Coynema gen. n., a new genus of nematode (Thelastomatoidea, Hystrignathidae) parasites of Passalidae (Coleoptera) from Cuba

The new genus Coynemagen. n. is described as parasite of the two passalid beetles from Cuba: Passalus interstitialis Escholtz, 1829 (type host) and Passalus pertyi Kaup, 1869. Females are characterized by the shape of their cephalic end, cervical cuticle unarmed, a sub-cylindrical procorpus with its base abruptly dilated, fore region of intestine dilated as a sac-like structure, genital system didelphic-amphidelphic and eggs markedly ovoid and smooth-shelled. Males have a digestive system similar to females, tail sharply pointed, bearing a Y-like thickening of the dorsal cuticle. They also present a big, median, mammiform pre-cloacal papillae and a pair of small, sub-dorsal pre-cloacal papillae anterior to the cuticular thickening of the tail.     

Description and Larval Heteromorphism of Hoplolaimus concaudajuvencus,n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolain-lidae)

Hoplolaimus concaudajuvencus n. sp., of the genus Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905, characterized by larval heteromorphism, is described and illustrated as recovered from ryegrass/bermudagrass golf green turf in Florida. Females and males are closely related to H. galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935, but have longer stylets with more definitely tulip-shaped stylet knobs which anteriorly tend to close upon the stylet shaft more than in H. galeatus. First and second-stage larvae have a conically-pointed tail unlike any known species of the genus. Subsequent stages, including females, have rounded tails essentially similar to other species of the genus and males possess the typical hopolaimid tail and bursa. The first molt was found to occur within the egg.     

Margolisianum bulbosum n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma (Pisces: Bothidae), in Mississippi Sound, USA

A new species of a philometrid nematode, Margolisianum bulbosum, is described from the subcutaneous tissue in the mouth (larvigerous females), head (males, ovigerous, and larvigerous females), and eye (preovigerous females) of the southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, from Mississippi Sound. It is placed in a new genus diagnosed by the combination of 8 large, paired but separate cephalic papillae; no inner cephalic papillae; an esophagus with a separate, muscular anterior bulb; a prominent mononuclear esophageal gland; and variable, irregularly distributed cuticular bosses in the females, as well as a vestigial rectum, particularly in larvigerous females. Some female specimens exhibit rows of lateral grooves and longitudinal ridges near the posterior end. Males have 2 small slightly subequal spicules, a barbed gubernaculum, 4 pairs of small cephalic papillae, and a bipartite hypodermal extension within a membranous cuticle on the posterior end. Males, ovigerous females, and larvigerous females appear to be present year round in this sporadic infection in Mississippi.     

Linstowinema breve n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratidae) a parasite of Antechinus agilis (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) from Australia

A new echinonematine nematode, Linstowinema breve sp. n., from the small intestine of the dasyurid marsupial Anthechinus agilis is described. The species is distinguished from its congeners by the possession of the following suite of characters: small size; first and third row of cephalic hooks similar in size; second row larger; 13-15 rows of body hooks without undulating edges on the dilated cuticle of the oesophageal region; oesophagus terminating at the level of the 5th-7th row of body hooks; ten pairs of caudal papillae; a large pair of lateral ad-cloacal papillae extend into small lateral alae. Linstowinema larvae previously recorded from A. agilis may be the same species. A key to species of the genus linstowinema is provided.     

Dunnifilaria dilli sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Rattus koratensis in Thailand.

Dunnifilaria dilli, a new species of filariid from Rattus koratensis from Thailand is described. Adult worms were recovered from the lymphatic system. They differ from D. ramachandrani in their location in the host, the tail length, the shape of the spicules, and in the number of caudal papillae. Microfilariae are much smaller and unsheathed. Additional hosts include R. rattus and R. sabanus.     

Syngnathinema californiense n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) from the circulatory system of the bay pipefish Syngnathus leptorhynchus in California.

A new dracunculoid nematode Syngnathinema californiense, n. gen., n. sp., is described from gravid female parasites found inside the heart of wild-caught Bay pipefish Syngnathus leptorhynchus; histologically it was recorded from different sites of the host circulatory system (sinus venosus, atrium, and renal and hepatic veins). The new genus is characterized by the structure of the cephalic end (large oral aperture with a narrow peribuccal ring surrounded by 10 papillae in 2 circles, large circular amphids), division of the esophagus into muscular and glandular portions, location of the well-developed vulva posterior to the esophagus, monodelphic female reproductive organs, and the sharply pointed tail. Because males remain unknown, the genus is provisionally assigned to the Daniconematidae.     

Serratotantulus chertoprudae gen. et sp. n. (Crustacea, Tantulocarida, Basipodellidae): A new tantulocaridan from the abyssal depths of the Indian Ocean

A single tantulus larva was found at the abyssal depth of the Indian Ocean attached to a harpacticoid host of the family Cletodidae. It represents a new genus and species of Tantulocarida, family Basipodellidae. Its ultrastructure was studied with SEM. This genus can be easily distinguished from the other genera of Basipodellidae by the pore pattern, bilobed oral disk with strong longitudinal ridges and the posterior projection of the cephalic shield. A morphological analysis of two related families Basipodellidae and Deothertridae shows that they represent polyphyletic taxa and need further revision.