质量—数量性状遗传参数估计的P1,P2,F1,B1,B2联合分析方法

提出利用亲本Ｐ_１和Ｐ_２、杂种Ｆ_１、回交Ｂ_１和Ｂ_１五个世代联合分析包括两个位点主基因控制的质量－数量性状遗传的统计方法,共建立了可供选择的微基因遗传、一对主基因＋微基因混合遗传、二对主基因＋微基因混合遗传三类五种（套）共 ２８个遗传模型,采用 ＡＩＣ信息准则选择最适模型,并通过适合性检验对所选择的遗传模型做进一步的检验．文章最后还讨论了两种变型设计．     

相思子根化学成分研究——相思子醌A,B,D,E,F,G

从民间药用抗肝炎药相思子（ＡｂｒｕｓｐｒｅｃａｔｏｒｉｕｓＬ．）根中分得８个异黄烷醌类化合物,即相思子醌Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ、Ｇ以及已知化合物３,７二羟基６甲氧基双氢黄酮和２,８二羟基３,４,９,１０四甲氧基紫檀素。用化学转化和光谱学方法包括１Ｈ１ＨＣＯＳＹ、１Ｈ１３ＣＣＯＳＹ、ＣＤ等方法鉴定它们的结构。     

Ceramicines B–D,new antiplasmodial limonoids from Chisocheton ceramicus

Three new limonoids, ceramicines B–D (1–3), have been isolated from the bark of Chisocheton ceramicus. Structures and stereochemistry of 1–3 were fully elucidated and characterized by 2D NMR analysis. Ceramicines exhibited a moderate antiplasmodial activity.     

[B1Ala,B2Al2,B3Lys]—胰岛素的制备和生物活性

本文报道了胰岛素分子中Ｂ１￣３序列（Ｐｈｅ－Ｖａｌ－Ａｓｎ）为Ａｌａ－Ａｌａ－Ｌｙｓ取代的胰岛素类似物制备及其生物性质。［Ｂ１Ａｌａ,Ｂ２Ａｌａ,Ｂ３Ｌｙｓ］－胰岛素仍保留天然胰岛素的全部体内活性和受体结合能力,但体外促脂肪生成活性和免疫活性分别只为胰岛素的７０％和０．８８％。本文还就胰岛素Ｂ链Ｎ端肽段对其结构和功能的影响进行了讨论。     

Inhibitory Effects of Green Tea and (–)-Epigallocatechin Gallate on Transport by OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OCT1, OCT2, MATE1, MATE2-K and P-Glycoprotein

Green tea catechins inhibit the function of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) that mediate the uptake of a diverse group of drugs and endogenous compounds into cells. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of green tea and its most abundant catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the transport activity of several drug transporters expressed in enterocytes, hepatocytes and renal proximal tubular cells such as OATPs, organic cation transporters (OCTs), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Uptake of the typical substrates metformin for OCTs and MATEs and bromosulphophthalein (BSP) and atorvastatin for OATPs was measured in the absence and presence of a commercially available green tea and EGCG. Transcellular transport of digoxin, a typical substrate of P-gp, was measured over 4 hours in the absence and presence of green tea or EGCG in Caco-2 cell monolayers. OCT1-, OCT2-, MATE1- and MATE2-K-mediated metformin uptake was significantly reduced in the presence of green tea and EGCG (P < 0.05). BSP net uptake by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 was inhibited by green tea [IC₅₀ 2.6% (v/v) and 0.39% (v/v), respectively]. Green tea also inhibited OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated atorvastatin net uptake with IC₅₀ values of 1.9% (v/v) and 1.0% (v/v), respectively. Basolateral to apical transport of digoxin was significantly decreased in the presence of green tea and EGCG. These findings indicate that green tea and EGCG inhibit multiple drug transporters in vitro. Further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of green tea on prototoypical substrates of these transporters in humans, in particular on substrates of hepatic uptake transporters (e.g. statins) as well as on P-glycoprotein substrates.     

Substrate specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B, RPTPα, SHP-1, and SHP-2

We determined the substrate specificities of the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) PTP1B, RPTPα, SHP-1, and SHP-2 by on-bead screening of combinatorial peptide libraries and solution-phase kinetic analysis of individually synthesized phosphotyrosyl (pY) peptides. These PTPs exhibit different levels of sequence specificity and catalytic efficiency. The catalytic domain of RPTPα has very weak sequence specificity and is approximately 2 orders of magnitude less active than the other three PTPs. The PTP1B catalytic domain has modest preference for acidic residues on both sides of pY, is highly active toward multiply phosphorylated peptides, but disfavors basic residues at any position, a Gly at the pY-1 position, or a Pro at the pY+1 position. By contrast, SHP-1 and SHP-2 share similar but much narrower substrate specificities, with a strong preference for acidic and aromatic hydrophobic amino acids on both sides of the pY residue. An efficient SHP-1/2 substrate generally contains two or more acidic residues on the N-terminal side and one or more acidic residues on the C-terminal side of pY but no basic residues. Subtle differences exist between SHP-1 and SHP-2 in that SHP-1 has a stronger preference for acidic residues at the pY-1 and pY+1 positions and the two SHPs prefer acidic residues at different positions N-terminal to pY. A survey of the known protein substrates of PTP1B, SHP-1, and SHP-2 shows an excellent agreement between the in vivo dephosphorylation pattern and the in vitro specificity profiles derived from library screening. These results suggest that different PTPs have distinct sequence specificity profiles and the intrinsic activity/specificity of the PTP domain is an important determinant of the enzyme's in vivo substrate specificity.     

NF-κB p65 represses β-catenin-activated transcription of cyclin D1

We have previously reported that obesity-induced diabetes developed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed BDF1 mice. This is caused by insufficient insulin response to an excess glucose load. In this study, we have shown that the enhanced expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (Raldh3) causes functional disorders of pancreatic islets in diabetic mouse models. In the pancreatic islets of HFD-induced diabetic BDF1 mice and spontaneously diabetic C57BL/KsJ^db/db mice, gene expression analysis with oligonucleotide microarray revealed a significant increase in Raldh3 expression. Exposure to a culture medium containing a higher glucose concentration (25 mM) significantly increased Raldh3 expression in murine MIN6 and alphaTC1 clone 9 cells, which derived from the α and β-cells of pancreatic islets, respectively. Overexpression of Raldh3 reduced the insulin secretion in MIN6 cells, and surprisingly, increased the glucagon secretion in alphaTC1 clone 9 cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of Raldh3 expression with siRNA decreased the glucagon secretion in alphaTC1 clone 9 cells. Raldh3 catalyzes the conversion of 13-cis retinal to 13-cis retinoic acid and we revealed that 13-cis retinoic acid significantly reduces cell viability in MIN6 and alphaTC1 clone 9 cells, but not in cells of H4IIEC3, 3T3-L1, and COS-1 cell lines. These findings suggest that an increasing expression of Raldh3 deregulates the balanced mechanisms of insulin and glucagon secretion in the pancreatic islets and may induce β-cell dysfunction leading to the development of type 2 diabetes.     

Phospholipase D1 Has a Pivotal Role in Interleukin-1β-Driven Chronic Autoimmune Arthritis through Regulation of NF-κB,Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α, and FoxO3a

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine playing an important role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the signaling network of IL-1β in synoviocytes from RA patients is still poorly understood. Here, we show for the first time that phospholipase D1 (PLD1), but not PLD2, is selectively upregulated in IL-1β-stimulated synoviocytes, as well as synovium, from RA patients. IL-1β enhanced the binding of NF-κB and ATF-2 to the PLD1 promoter, thereby enhancing PLD1 expression. PLD1 inhibition abolished the IL-1β-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators and angiogenic factors by suppressing the binding of NF-κB or hypoxia-inducible factor 1α to the promoter of its target genes, as well as IL-1β-induced proliferation or migration. However, suppression of PLD1 activity promoted cell cycle arrest via transactivation of FoxO3a. Furthermore, PLD1 inhibitor significantly suppressed joint inflammation and destruction in IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient (IL-1Ra^−/−) mice, a model of spontaneous arthritis. Taken together, these results suggest that the abnormal upregulation of PLD1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of IL-1β-induced chronic arthritis and that a selective PLD1 inhibitor might provide a potential therapeutic molecule for the treatment of chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorders.     

Hepatitis B Virus Genotype D Isolates Circulating in Chapecó, Southern Brazil,Originate from Italy

Hepatitis B virus genotype A1 (HBV/A1), of African origin, is the most prevalent genotype in Brazil, while HBV/F predominates in the other South American countries. However, HBV/D is the most common in the three states of southern Brazil, where ‘islands’ of elevated prevalence, as Chapecó and other cities, have been described. In this study, 202 HBV chronic carriers attending in 2013 the viral hepatitis ambulatory of Chapecó, were investigated. In comparison with previous studies performed in the same ambulatory, a rapid aging of the HBV infected population was observed (mean age of the newly diagnosed patients increasing from 29.9 ± 10.3 years in 1996 to 44.4 ± 13.3 years in 2013), probably due to a singular vaccination schedule at Chapecó that included not only children but also adolescents. Phylogenetic and BLAST analyses (S region) classified 91 HBV isolates into genotypes A (n = 3) and D (n = 88). The majority of HBV/D isolates were closely related to D3 sequences. To understand the reasons for the absence or near absence of genotypes A and F, and how HBV/D was introduced in the south of Brazil, HBV/D infected patients were inquired about their genealogical and geographical origins. Forty-three (52%) patients have their four grandparents of Italian origin, vs. seven (8%) who have their four grandparents of Brazilian origin. At all, 65 out of 83 (78%) patients had at least one grandparent originating from Italy. Taking into consideration the fact that Italy is one of the few countries where subgenotype D3 is predominant, the results strongly suggested that HBV/D was introduced in Brazil through Italian immigration which culminated between 1870 and 1920.     

柯萨奇病毒B1,B3和B5以促衰退因子作为细胞受体

病毒复制起始于病毒吸附蛋白与宿主细胞表面受体的特异性结合及此后由细胞介导的病毒穿入,而这些受体的特异性决定宿主细胞范围。应用单克隆抗体ＭＡｂ８５４阻断,免疫沉淀法以及促衰退因子基因转染细胞等方法,发现细胞ＤＡＦ是宿主细胞吸附柯萨奇病毒Ｂ１、Ｂ３和Ｂ５的受体,但这些病毒要侵入细胞及在胞内进行复制尚需依赖其他因子的存在。     

细胞周期蛋白B1、D1和E真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的：为研究细胞周期蛋白（cyclin）在肿瘤形成过程中的分子机制,构建带FLAG标签的细胞周期蛋白B1、D1、E的真核表达载体,并检测其在293T细胞中的表达。方法：以乳腺cDNA文库为模板,分别扩增细胞周期蛋白B1、D1、E基因全长编码区序列,克隆到pcDNA3-FLAG真核表达载体上;用脂质体介导的基因瞬时转染法,将重组正确的表达载体转染293T细胞,检测细胞中的FLAG融合蛋白的表达。结果：酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析显示构建了正确的FLAG-Cyclin真核表达载体,Western印迹分析表明克隆的载体都能在真核细胞中表达分子大小相符的重组蛋白。结论：构建了FLAG-CyclinBl、FIAG-CyclinDl、FLAG-CyclinE真核表达载体,为细胞周期蛋白及其相关蛋白的研究奠定了基础。     

EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白1介导c-Jun/Jun B异源二聚体对cyclin D1的调节

研究发现LMP1可介导c-Jun/JunB活性异源二聚体的形成, 在此基础上, 利用建立的Tet-on系统调控LMP1表达的细胞系, 采用间接免疫荧光法联合激光共聚焦荧光显微镜技术、Western blot方法、荧光素酶活性检测、Super-EMSA方法和流式细胞术, 探讨LMP1介导c-Jun/Jun B异源二聚体对cyclin D1的调节功能. 结果表明, LMP1介导的c-Jun/Jun B异源二聚体可上调cyclin D1启动子活性及其表达, 并影响细胞周期的行进.     

Localization of Two Potassium Channel β Subunit Genes, KCNA1B and KCNA2B

The gating properties and current amplitudes of mammalian voltage-activatedShakerpotassium channels are modulated by at least two associated β subunits (Kvβ1.1 and Kvβ1.2). The human Kvβ1.1 gene (KCNA1B) resides on chromosome 3, as indicated by somatic cell hybrid mapping. More precise localization of KCNA1B to 3q26.1 was obtained with fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) and was corroborated by PCR screening of the CEPH YAC library. The human Kvβ1.2 gene (KCNA2B) resides on chromosome 1, as indicated by somatic cell hybrid mapping, and has been localized by FISH to 1p36.3.