茎点霉致泛发性嗜酸性脓疱性毛囊炎1例及实验分析

目的报道1例顽固性嗜酸性脓疱性毛囊炎,并对其病因、诊断及治疗方法进行研究讨论。方法患者男性,47岁,头面部丘疱疹1年伴瘙痒,泛发,并出现血嗜酸性粒细胞增多3个月就诊。取皮损组织和骨髓进行组织分别进行HE、PAS、PASM、钙荧光白染色;同时进行组织真菌培养;真菌特异性引物ITS4/ITS5、NL1/NL5、T1/TUB4Rd测序。结果组织病理可见以毛囊为中心的嗜酸性毛囊化脓性炎,PAS染色和钙荧光白染色可见真皮、皮下组织大量不规则菌丝和孢子,毛囊及毛囊周围显著;骨髓PASM染色可见大量芽生孢子,组织及骨髓组织培养见绒毛状菌落,初期为粉红色,渐变为黑褐色,培养4周见黑色子囊形成;序列鉴定为茎点霉属;抗真菌治疗后痊愈。结论嗜酸性脓疱性毛囊炎可由真菌感染诱发;作为植物致病菌的茎点霉属感染可导致严重的变态反应,并可诱发嗜酸性脓疱性毛囊炎。     

血涂片检出淋巴瘤合并马尔尼菲蓝状菌感染1例

目的通过分析淋巴瘤合并马尔尼菲蓝状菌感染的血涂片特征,探讨漏诊和误诊原因,提高诊断率。方法对1例血常规检出淋巴瘤合并马尔尼菲蓝状菌感染的血涂片、骨髓及微生物学检查结果进行分析。结果血涂片及骨髓均见中性粒细胞吞噬腊肠样物,微生物学检查呈霉菌相和酵母相双相型菌落。结论血常规检查时需注意观察仪器的报警提示并关注散点图,仔细观察血涂片,可及早发现马尔尼菲蓝状菌感染,避免漏诊和误诊。     

马尔尼菲青霉的分类学研讨

马尔尼菲青霉能引起人和鼠类的马尔尼菲青霉病,1956年由Capponi等分离自越南的竹鼠,后由Segretain (1959)正式发表为新种.DiSalvo等(1973)首次报道此菌对人的自然感染,也分离了菌种。Pitt (1980'1979')承认Segretain的菌株为马尔尼菲青霉,但把DiSalvo的菌株(ATCC 24100)由于具明显的黄色菌丝而与岐生青霉金黄色变种(ATCC 10438)合并,成立了樱草黄青霉新种。近年来一些中国的研究者对广西的竹鼠作了大量的调查,证明竹鼠普遍携带此菌,并分离了大量菌株。作者对来自广西的34株分离物(2株来自患者,32株来自银星竹鼠)根据形态和培养特征作了鉴定,并用IMI 68794(来自模式),ATCC 24100和ATCC 10438作了对比。全部34株分离物尽管在菌落外观有明显不同(许多菌株产生黄色具饰菌丝,影响菌落外观)但根据其帚状枝及瓶梗的特征,产生紫红色素以及在370C形成酵母状细胞诸特点,作者认为都是马尔尼菲青霉。ATCC 24100也同样具有马尔尼菲青霉的特征。而ATCC 10438虽然也产生明显的黄色菌丝,但其帚状枝和瓶梗与马尔尼菲青霉不同,不产生紫红色素,在370C不生长,因此不是同一个种。ATCC 24100应保持原来的种名马尔尼菲青霉。     

巨噬细胞对马尔尼菲篮状菌免疫作用机制研究进展

马尔尼菲篮状菌(Talaromyces marneffei),旧称为马尔尼菲青霉菌(Penicillium marneffei),流行于东南亚和中国南部。法国Capponi等[1]在1956年从竹鼠体内分离的青霉菌属温控双相条件致病菌,室温25℃条件下表现为菌丝相,37℃环境下表现为酵母相,酵母相菌体具有致病性。马尔尼菲篮状菌病主要集中于免疫力低下人群,尤其HIV患者,若得不到有效的治疗,病死率极高[2,3]。近年来,感染T.marneffei发病率上升趋势明显[4],其传播途径最常见是经呼吸道吸入T.marneffei孢子导致感染。     

苎麻疫霉生物学性状遗传与变异研究

在实验室条件下研究了不同地区和不同寄主来源的苎麻疫霉的菌落形态,菌丝线性生长速率（以下简称为生长速率）及同宗配合性状的遗传与变异,结果指出苎麻疫霉菌落形态和生长速率的遗传存在３种类型：（１）在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均可稳定遗传;（２）在单游动孢子后代稳定遗传而在自交后代发生变异;（３）在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均发生变异。结果表明,该菌菌落形态和生长速率的遗传具有多样性,上述两性状可以由细胞核杂     

苎麻疫霉生物学性状遗传与变异研究*

在实验室条件下研究了不同地区和不同寄主来源的苎麻疫霉（PhytophthoraboehmeriaeSawada）的菌落形态、菌丝线性生长速率（以下简称为生长速率）及同宗配合性状的遗传与变异,结果指出苎麻疫霉菌落形态和生长速率的遗传存在3种类型：（1）在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均可稳定遗传;（2）在单游动孢子后代稳定遗传而在自交后代发生变异;（3）在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均发生变异。结果表明,该菌菌落形态和生长速率的遗传具有多样性,上述两性状可以由细胞核杂合基因控制,也可以由细胞核纯合基因控制,还可能由细胞质因子控制。试验结果还指出,苎麻疫霉的同宗配合性状在单游动孢子和单卵孢后代均可稳定遗传,表明在供试的苎麻疫霉菌株中控制该性状的遗传因子是纯合的。     

苎麻疫霉生物学性状遗传与变异研究

在实验室条件下研究了不同地区和不同寄主来源的苎麻疫霉（PhytophthoraboehmeriaeSawada）的菌落形态、菌丝线性生长速率（以下简称为生长速率）及同宗配合性状的遗传与变异,结果指出苎麻疫霉菌落形态和生长速率的遗传存在3种类型：（1）在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均可稳定遗传;（2）在单游动孢子后代稳定遗传而在自交后代发生变异;（3）在单游动孢子后代和自交后代均发生变异。结果表明,该菌菌落形态和生长速率的遗传具有多样性,上述两性状可以由细胞核杂合基因控制,也可以由细胞核纯合基因控制,还可能由细胞质因子控制。试验结果还指出,苎麻疫霉的同宗配合性状在单游动孢子和单卵孢后代均可稳定遗传,表明在供试的苎麻疫霉菌株中控制该性状的遗传因子是纯合的。     

艾滋病并发马尔尼菲青霉败血症1例

目的：报道1例马尔尼菲青霉败血症。方法患者男性,39岁,主因“发热伴淋巴结肿大1个月”就诊。进行骨髓瑞士染色、血液接种于有氧及厌氧培养瓶、沙氏培养基培养等检查,并对培养物进行形态学及 rDNA 序列鉴定。结果骨髓涂片见细胞内分隔孢子,3种培养方法均见真菌生长。沙氏培养基上菌落为丝状菌,表面为黄绿色粉末状,背面为红色;脑心浸汁培养基为酵母样菌落,37℃培养受限制。经 DNA 序列分析,与马尔尼菲青霉相似性在100℅,鉴定为马尔尼菲青霉。患者诊断为艾滋病并马尔尼菲青霉败血症,立即给予氟康唑治疗,转入传染病医院后因极度衰弱死亡。结论败血症可作为马尔尼菲青霉病首发症状,临床应予以重视;患者血液极具传染性,应注意隔离;对于有冶游史的不明原因发热患者,注意考虑本病可能,必要时行血液培养及 HIV 检测。     

榆耳有性结构及生活史的研究

本文通过电镜扫描、石腊切片及用苏木精染色法和DAPI荧光染色,对榆耳子实体有性结构进行观察,证实榆耳子实体菌盖结构分三层:上表层为毛层,表面着生有排列较密集顶端游离的菌丝,它们相互粘连呈菌丝束;中间层为髓部,由较疏松而相互交织在一起的薄壁菌丝组成,菌丝间充满胶质物质;下表层为子实层,表面起伏不平,呈不规则的疣状突起,上面着生担子和囊状体,担子无隔膜棍棒形,外表有不规则的网状纹饰,其顶部着生4个瓶梗状小梗,每个小梗上着生1个椭圆形或腊肠形担孢子,大小为2.5—3.0×6.0—6.5μm,担孢子表面有不规则的网状纹饰结构。在担子间的囊状体为长圆柱形或圆锥形,表面有较密的不规则的网状纹饰。 榆耳有性生殖为异宗配合。绝大多数担孢子含一个细胞核,很少数担孢子含两个细胞核。孢子萌发为一端萌发,也有少数为两端萌发。初生菌丝单核,不能形成子实体,当两种不同遗传性的交配型的初生菌丝结合后,形成具有锁状联合结构的双核菌丝,并可发育成子实体。榆耳具有典型减数分裂过程,不具有减数分裂后核分裂行为,四个子核分别进入四个担孢子内。 在初生菌丝或次生菌丝上,均可产生间生的或顶生的厚垣孢子。经过温度、光照和紫外线照射的诱发,均未发现有其它类型的无性孢子产生。因此,榆耳菌的生活史和大多数担子     

SakA对马尔尼菲篮状菌药物应激及致病力的影响

目的探讨SakA对马尔尼菲篮状菌(Talaromyces marneffei,TM)致病力及药物应激的影响。方法构建SakA敲除株(ΔsakA),观察孢子与巨噬细胞共培养;比较野生株及ΔsakA在药物压力下的生长状况;比较野生株和ΔsakA分别感染小鼠的死亡率、菌载量。结果被巨噬细胞吞噬24h后,野生株在胞内可见腊肠样酵母细胞,而ΔsakA以孢子形态存在。ΔsakA共培养裂解物形成的菌落数少于野生株。与野生株比较,ΔsakA对棘白霉素类药物更敏感。ΔsakA感染小鼠死亡率、菌载量较野生株明显降低。结论 SakA与TM酵母相对棘白霉素不敏感相关,在其致病过程中发挥重要作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.