断根对冬小麦竞争能力与产量的影响

 采用简化的deWit替代系列法研究了盆栽冬小麦‘长武135’（Triticum aestivum cv. Changwu 135）在拔节初期断根对冬小麦根冠关系、竞争能力及其与产量性状的关系。无论干旱或湿润，单栽条件下断根降低了小麦的根冠比，在混栽条件下，断根小麦的相对穗重和相对地上部生物量均显著低于未断根小麦，说明断根降低了小麦的竞争能力。根冠比越大竞争能力越强，即作物的竞争能力与根冠比存在正相关关系。单栽湿润条件,断根降低了小麦的穗重和籽粒产量，而在中等干旱条件下，断根小麦穗重和籽粒产量高于未断根小麦 。说明在水资源充分的条件下，较高的作物个体竞争能力则具有较高的生产能力，而在水资源有限的情况下，降低作物个体竞争能力反而提高了群体籽粒产量。     

温度和寄主对柑桔大实蝇化蛹进度的影响

本文在室内恒温和室外自然条件下研究了柑桔大实蝇Bactrocera minax（Enderlein）的化蛹进度,结果表明, 在恒温条件下，柑桔大实蝇的化蛹进度随饲养温度的降低而加快，低温能促进柑桔大实蝇幼虫的发育和化蛹，但相对高温饲养条件能提高蛹的质量；在自然条件下，柑桔大实蝇的化蛹进度与寄主品种（种）关系密切，早熟温州蜜柑蛆果内幼虫的化蛹进度最快，中熟温州蜜柑蛆果内幼虫次之，而纽荷尔橙蛆果内幼虫的化蛹进度最慢，但寄主品种（种）对幼虫的平均化蛹率无明显影响。      

蓖麻油微波裂解制备癸二酸的研究--溶剂法

本文报道了以蓖麻油为原料在有机溶剂条件下经微波裂解法制备癸二酸的工艺条件研究。最佳工艺条件是，碱：２－辛醇：蓖麻油为１．５：２．１，ＮａＯＨ浓度５５．６％，微波功率１６０ｗ，裂解时间２０ｍｉｎ，癸二酸的产率达９２％。与传统方法比较，反应时间缩短３０多倍，节约了设备投资和能耗，减少了污染，降低了成本。     

不同光质对稻苗生长的效应*

不同光质对高等植物生长的影响，曾有过不少报道（1,2,3,4）。植田(5,6)用不同颜色的玻璃对稻苗生长作过实验观察，发现在单色光中以橙色光对稻苗最有效，其次是蓝光；而红光、绿光和紫色光对稻苗生长没有效果。近来，原城隆·西川(7,8,9) 采用红、绿、蓝、紫和无色等不同颜色的塑料薄膜，在保持透过单色光能量一致的条件下培育稻苗，结果表明：在红色薄膜下能促进稻苗伸长生长，而在绿色、紫色或在蓝色薄膜下伸长被抑制。作为稻苗素质指标之一的茎叶重／株高比，在蓝薄膜下生长的稻苗比值高，红薄膜下生长的稻苗比值低。他们在室外生长箱内培育稻苗13天后揭掉薄膜解除光处理后测定稻苗的表观光合强度以蓝薄膜下生长的稻苗为高。但是，这里必须指出：他们的光处理实验是保持在平均光的辐射量为363卡/厘米2 ·日下进行的，而且又是透过各色薄膜内的辐射量保持大致相等的条件下得出的结果。至于在昆明自然光照条件下，水稻育苗期间太阳辐射量平均有447卡/厘米2 ·日的条件下其效果如何呢？尤其当阳光透过各种有色薄膜辐射量很不一致的情况下其结果又如何？ 针对上述问题，结合自然特点和我国当前薄膜育秧的实际，在前人研究的基础上，探讨了自然光照透过不同颜色薄膜，光质对稻苗生长的影响，并分析了稻苗的素质及其光合生理性状。     

一株白地霉在低碳氮比废水中降氨氮新功能的研究

该文从垃圾渗滤液中筛选出一株低C/N营养条件下氨氮去除效果显著的菌株。ITS序列测序鉴定表明，该菌株为白地霉（Galactomyces candidum）。经不同pH、温度、C/N的培养条件下培养24 h，测定其生长密度及氨氮去除情况，结果发现，白地霉培养基最佳降氨氮条件为：pH 8.0,C/N 1.5，温度30℃，其最佳氨氮去除率可达93.1%。该文发现了白地霉在污水处理，尤其是低C/N污水处理中具有氨氮去除的新功能，为其在低C/N污水生化处理工业化应用提供了新的菌株资源和技术途径。     

一类SIRS流行病模型可至少存在两个极限环

本文研究了一类ＳＩＲＳ流行病模型，主要得到了在一定条件下可至少存在两个极限环的结论．     

添加剂成份对雉鸡产蛋率的影响研究

本文报道了规模化养殖条件下采用不同促进生理功能添加剂对雉鸡产蛋率的影响，试验表明选用曹达蛋安，喹乙醇等，在１０～５０ｐｐｍ浓度之间，对产蛋率的提高有明显作用。     

温度与盐度对刺松藻生长和营养盐吸收的影响

随着养殖业迅猛发展，海洋富营养化问题日益加剧。利用大型海藻所具有的超吸收氮磷营养盐的能力，可有效治理和修复富营养化海域。从福建省连江县罗源湾海域养殖筏架采取经济价值较高的刺松藻，为分析其在海水养殖区的生长条件，在实验室条件下，研究温度（18、25、32 ℃）和盐度（10、20、30）对刺松藻生长和营养盐吸收的影响。研究结果表明，刺松藻生长受温度影响极显著(P<0.01)，受盐度及二者相互作用影响显著(P<0.05)；在25 ℃和盐度20的条件下，刺松藻特定生长率（specific growth rate，SGR）最高，达89.45%；在32 ℃和盐度30的条件下，刺松藻对营养盐的吸收效果最好，其中对NH+4-N的吸收效果最佳。研究结果为生物修复种群的选择和刺松藻的人工养殖提供了一定的参考。     

水稻未成熟花粉离体培养成熟的初步研究（简报）

处于单核期的水稻未成熟花粉（小孢子）在人工离体培养条件下，发育成了充满淀粉粒的成熟花粉，成熟率为2．3％。     

贮藏条件对鱼肉品质的影响研究进展

综述了鱼肉在不同贮藏条件下的品质变化，以及不同处理方式对贮藏品质的影响的研究进展，旨在为改善鱼肉的贮藏条件和更深入的研究提供科学依据。 关键词：鱼肉；储藏；营养品质；理化品质；保质期     

不同起源格氏栲林分下土壤微生物生态分布的初步研究

本文研究了福建三明小湖天然起源和人工起源的格氏栲林下土壤微生物的生态分布。两种起源的格氏栲林下土壤微生物中细菌占绝对优势,人工林芽孢杆菌所占细菌总数比例远大于天然林;天然林微生物总数、细菌、真菌以及固氮菌等生理类群的数量均高于人工林,而且,随着坡位的下降表现为由低至高的递增趋势。青霉和木霉是土壤真菌的优势种属,链霉菌属中的白色类群和黄色类群构成了土壤放线菌的主要组分,但在天然林中的数量明显低于人工林。     

Effect of alpha-tocopherol on adrenal cortex functions under stress]

alpha-Tocopherol has been studied for its effect on lipid peroxidation and steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortices of rat and rabbit under stress. The vitamin is shown to exert an inhibitory effect on the lipid peroxidation developing under chronic stress. A biphasic pattern of the alpha-tocopherol effect on the steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex is established: a decrease in the release of the steroids under the acute stress and maintaining of their levels under the chronic stress. A conclusion is drawn about a potential alpha-tocopherol application to correct the adrenal cortex function under stress.     

不同种植模式对滇龙胆草总裂环烯醚萜苷含量的影响

滇龙胆草（Gentiana rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl.）为龙胆科（Gentianaceae）龙胆属（Gentiana Linn.）多年生草本植物,主要分布于云南、四川、贵州、湖南和广西等地,生长于山坡、草地、灌丛、林下及山谷中。该种为传统中药龙胆的基源植物,其干燥根及根茎均可入药,具有清热燥湿和泻肝胆火的功效。因其资源需求量逐年增加,滇龙胆草的人工种植越来越普遍,并出现了多种种植模式。目前滇龙胆草主要种植模式有单一种植和林药复合种植,常见的有滇龙胆草与茶树也Camellia sinensis （Linn.） Kuntze页、桉树（Eucalyptus robusta Smith）、木瓜也Chaenomeles sinensis （ Thouin ） Koehne 页和旱冬瓜（ Alnus nepalensis D. Don）的复合种植模式。与传统林业系统相比,林药复合系统具有良好的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。周幸的研究结果表明：在太行山山地林药复合种植模式中,分布于土壤表层的药用植物浅根系对表层土有加筋固着作用,可减少水土流失。 Sujatha 等认为：在槟榔（Areca catechu Linn.）园间作芳香药用植物有助于提高其产量并增加单位面积收入。目前有关林药复合种植的研究主要集中于其生态效益和经济效益,对复合种植模式下药用植物有效成分变化的研究尚不多见。     

Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax

Some flax varieties respond to nutrient stress by modifying their genome and these modifications can be inherited through many generations. Also associated with these genomic changes are heritable phenotypic variations ^1,2. The flax variety Stormont Cirrus (Pl) when grown under three different nutrient conditions can either remain inducible (under the control conditions), or become stably modified to either the large or small genotroph by growth under high or low nutrient conditions respectively. The lines resulting from the initial growth under each of these conditions appear to grow better when grown under the same conditions in subsequent generations, notably the Pl line grows best under the control treatment indicating that the plants growing under both the high and low nutrients are under stress. One of the genomic changes that are associated with the induction of heritable changes is the appearance of an insertion element (LIS-1) ^{3, 4} while the plants are growing under the nutrient stress. With respect to this insertion event, the flax variety Stormont Cirrus (Pl) when grown under three different nutrient conditions can either remain unchanged (under the control conditions), have the insertion appear in all the plants (under low nutrients) and have this transmitted to the next generation, or have the insertion (or parts of it) appear but not be transmitted through generations (under high nutrients) ⁴. The frequency of the appearance of this insertion indicates that it is under positive selection, which is also consistent with the growth response in subsequent generations. Leaves or meristems harvested at various stages of growth are used for DNA and RNA isolation. The RNA is used to identify variation in expression associated with the various growth environments and/or t he presence/absence of LIS-1. The isolated DNA is used to identify those plants in which the insertion has occurred.     

Oxygen control of nitrogen oxide respiration, focusing on α-proteobacteria

Denitrification is generally considered to occur under micro-oxic or anoxic conditions. With this in mind, the physiological function and regulation of several steps in the denitrification of model α-proteobacteria are compared in the present review. Expression of the periplasmic nitrate reductase is quite variable, with this enzyme being maximally expressed under oxic conditions in some bacteria, but under micro-oxic conditions in others. Expression of nitrite and NO reductases in most denitrifiers is more tightly controlled, with expression only occurring under micro-oxic conditions. A possible exception to this may be Roseobacter denitrificans, but the physiological role of these enzymes under oxic conditions is uncertain.     

干旱胁迫下沙生灌木花棒的抗氧化保护响应研究

采用盆栽试验,测定了在不同土壤水分胁迫程度和胁迫时间下花棒苗抗氧化保护酶(SOD、CAT、POD、APX)活性和抗氧化物(AsA、GSH、Car)含量,并用隶属函数值法综合评价了试验条件下花棒苗的抗氧化能力。结果显示:(1)与同期适宜水分处理相比,花棒苗的抗氧化保护酶活性在中度和重度干旱胁迫30d时均显著增加;胁迫60d时,POD活性均显著降低,而其余酶活性仍增加(重度胁迫)或显著增加(中度胁迫);胁迫90d时,中度胁迫处理除APX活性持平外,其余酶活性仍显著升高,而重度胁迫处理的SOD活性持平、POD活性显著增加、CAT和APX活性均显著降低。(2)相对于同期适宜水分处理,干旱胁迫30d时,中度胁迫处理的花棒苗AsA、Car、GSH含量分别显著增加、稍有增加和显著降低,而重度胁迫的AsA显著增加,Car和GSH含量均显著降低;胁迫60d时,中度胁迫处理的AsA、Car、GSH含量分别显著增加、稍有降低和稍有提高,而重度胁迫的AsA、Car、GSH含量分别显著增加、稍有增加和显著降低;胁迫90d时,中度胁迫处理的AsA含量显著增加,Car和GSH含量均稍有提高,而重度胁迫的AsA含量稍有下降,Car和GSH含量则持平。(3)花棒苗的MDA含量在干旱胁迫过程中均比适宜水分处理增加,且中后期达到显著水平。(4)花棒苗抗氧化能力在干旱胁迫30d表现为重度干旱>中度干旱>适宜水分,胁迫60d为中度干旱>重度干旱>适宜水分,胁迫90d时为中度干旱>适宜水分>重度干旱。研究表明,花棒苗在中度干旱胁迫下能调动自身抗氧化保护酶类与抗氧化物质并提高其抗氧化能力,消除或减轻干旱诱导的活性氧毒害;重度干旱胁迫下的花棒苗在胁迫前中期亦能增强自身的抗氧化能力,但在胁迫后期因部分活性氧清除机制受到破坏而使抗氧化能力降低。     

Pleiotropic mutation, modularity and evolvability

The relationship between pleiotropy and the rate of evolution of a phenotypic character (evolvability) in a population is explored using computer simulations. I present results that suggest the rate of evolution of a phenotypic character may not decline when that character is pleiotropically associated to an increasing number of other characters, provided that the characters are under pure directional selection such that they are far from their optima relative to the average magnitude of a mutation. These conditions may be relevant during adaptive radiations. Adding pleiotropic associations to a set of characters in which one is under directional selection and the other is under stabilizing selection increases the rate of adaptation of the character under directional selection provided that the new characters that come to be pleiotropically associated are under directional selection. Thus, increasing the number of pleiotropic associations under these conditions increases the rate of adaptation of a character.     

Relationship of the activity of cardiac cholinergic mechanisms to the state of the sympathetic innervation and its noradrenaline content in hypoxia]

Preliminary sympathectomia depletes acetylcholine (ACh) in the heart of rabbits under hypoxia. In these conditions the inhibitory action of ACh on the rat isolated heart is reduced under the noradrenaline content fall, while under increase it is potentiated. Under hypoxia noradrenaline increases concentration of potassium in the myocardium, thus stimulating ACh formation and activity. It is suggested that under deep hypoxia suppression of the sympathetic mechanisms causes functional isolation of the heart from nervous effects.     

Regular systems of inbreeding with mutation

Probability of identity by type is studied for regular systems of inbreeding in the presence of mutation. Analytic results are presented for half-sib mating, first cousin mating, and half nth cousin mating under both infinite allele and two allele (back mutation) models. Reasonable rates of mutation do not provide significantly different results from probability of identity by descent in the absence of mutation. Homozygosity is higher under half-sib mating than under first cousin mating, but the expected number of copies of a gene in the population is higher under first cousin mating than under half-sib mating.     

A Mathematical Treatment of Rate Data Obtained in Biological Flow Systems under Nonsteady State Conditions

The problem of determining gas exchange rates from flow system data under nonsteady state conditions is analyzed. A correction factor is presented for obtaining constant rates under nonsteady state conditions. A general formula for obtaining any rate under nonsteady state conditions is also given. Turnover time is defined and discussed in terms of the mathematics presented. The origins of nonsteady states and steady states in flow systems are discussed, as are some of the experimental advantages of working under nonsteady state conditions.