中国茶渍属地衣3个新记录种北大核心CSCD

文章报道中国茶渍属地衣3个新记录种——亚异茶渍(Lecanora subravida Nyl.)、栎生茶渍(L.quercicola Coppins&P.James)和针叶茶渍(L.coniferarum Printzen),该3个物种均隶属于柳茶渍组(Lecanora saligna group)。该类群主要特征为,朽木生,地衣体龟裂状至疣状或完全不明显,子囊盘黄绿色至棕色或颜色多样,表面具轻微粉霜,主要化学次生代谢产物为松萝酸。本研究使用贝叶斯分析(BI)构建了基于2个基因位点(nrITS,mtSSU)系统发育树,分析了该3种在茶渍属中的进化位置。本研究还对每个种详细描述形态-解剖特征、分布及栖息地等情况,并提供了地衣体、子囊盘及子囊孢子的彩色图片。     

The new species Lecanora bicinctoidea, its position and considerations about phenotypic evolution in the Lecanora rupicola group

A phylogenetic analysis of the Lecanora rupicola group based on combined nITS rDNA and beta-tubulin sequences and a combined dataset of ITS, beta-tubulin and partial sequences of polyketide synthase genes reveals a previously unrecognized species, which here is introduced under the name Lecanora bicinctoidea. The new species is a sister group of the L. swartzii complex (including L. swartzii and L. lojkaeana), which is characterized by eucorticate ascomata, and a morphological diversity that includes also a dwarf-fruticose lineage. The preferential occurrence on vertical to overhanging siliceous rocks corresponds more closely to L. swartzii. A detailed investigation of phenotypic characters reveals that the new species differs from the superficially similar morphospecies L. bicincta in several ways, such as a thallus of comparatively small areoles and broadly sessile ascomata and the development of an amphithecial cortex devoid of algal remnants (i.e. an eucortex). L. bicinctoidea contains methyl 3alpha-hydroxy-4-O-demethylbarbatate, a chemical compound not known from other members of the L. rupicola group. We also discuss the importance of eucortex formation as one of several factors that are involved in the evolution of substrate-detached thallus structures.     

LECANORA COMPALLENS AND L. SINUOSA,TWO NEW OVERLOOKED CORTICOLOUS LICHEN SPECIES FROM WESTERN EUROPE

Lecanora compallens and L. sinuosa, two corticolous lichens, are described as species new to science on the basis of numerous collections. Lecanora compallens is a sorediate species, known only as sterile. It is probably common in Western Europe, but overlooked because it is very similar to L. expallens. Chemically, the new species is identical with L. strobilina, of which it may represent a sorediate counterpart. Lecanora sinuosa is a new species similar to L. chlarotera and so far only known from a limited area in the Netherlands and Germany, although it may be overlooked elsewhere. Lecanora sinuosa is very close to L. hybocarpa, with which it shares thepulicaris -type epihymenium inspersed with fine crystals but differs markedly by its thick thallus and thick and sinuous apothecium margin.     

High photobiont diversity associated with the euryoecious lichen-forming ascomycete Lecanora rupicola (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota)

The diversity and phylogenetic position of photobionts in the widespread saxicolous, crustose lichen-forming ascomycete Lecanora rupicola s.l. is presented. The algal partners of this lichen species complex belong to diverse and unrelated lineages in the genus Trebouxia . Specimens were sampled from different habitats and geographical origins. Either whole thallus DNA extractions or minute fragments of the algal layer of the lichen thallus were subjected to polymerase chain reaction, using primers that specifically amplify internal transcribed spacer rDNA of the photobionts. No correlations between different chemical races of L. rupicola with particular lineages of Trebouxia spp. were found. Irrespective of the different algal partners, all lichen thalli abundantly developed ascomata. L. rupicola apparently maintains full fecundity with a low degree of selectivity for photobionts, which promotes the occurrence of this lichen-forming species in ample ecological situations.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 88 , 283–293.     

Die parasitische FlechteLecidea insidiosa und ihre Biologie

Lecidea insidiosa, up to now regarded as a lichenicolous fungus without thallus, is a parasitic lichen, growing exclusively onLecanora varia. It kills the plectenchyma of the host, but presumably takes over part of the host-algae to build its own thallus, first inside, then outside of the host thallus. Host and parasite thallus are chemically different.Lecidea insidiosa is not related toLecidea vitellinaria, even though the two were thought to be synonymous for a long time. The species is reported for the first time from the Alps (Steiermark). It is the first known parasitic lichen to occur on a normally wood inhabiting host.

     

Lecanora sabinae, a new lichen species from the Canary Islands

Lecanora sabinae sp. nov. from the Canary Islands (El Hierro and La Gomera) is characterized chiefly by its greenish thallus with abundant pruinose apothecia ranging in colour from light yellow to almost black. It contains usnic acid, zeorin, and an unknown chemical product SAB-1, is by preference lignicolous and lives in association with the conifer Juniperus phoenicea.     

太白山茶渍属地衣多孢种类的初步研究

对采自陕西太白山地区的中国茶渍属Lecanora地衣多孢种类进行了初步研究,报道三个中国新记录种:多孢茶渍L.bruneri,亚多孢茶渍L.cateilea和日本茶渍L.japonica。以往在中国发现的茶渍属地衣种类子囊均含有8孢,新报道的三种子囊中孢子常多于8个。本文中对每种都给出了详尽的形态、解剖和化学特征描述,并且提供了每种的外部形态照片和日本茶渍的多孢子囊显微照片。     

The delimitation of Psora (Lecideaceae) and related genera, with notes on some species

A new delimitation of the lichen genus Psora Hoffm. is proposed. The genus is mainly characterized by a squamulose thallus, an upper cortex of 'Scheinrindentyp', a hypothecium containing calcium oxalate, an amyloid hymenium containing anthra–quinones, the type of ascus and the type of pycnidium. The affinities of Psora to the genera Eremastrella, Psorula , and Xanthopsora and some squamulose species provisionally included in Lecidea are discussed. The genus Chrysopsora is reduced to syn–onomy with Psora , and the species Lecidea hedinii, L. scholanderi , and Psora petri to synonomy with Lecidea pulcherrima, Toninia tristis , and Lecidea lurida , respectively. The new combinations Lecanora scotopholis (Tuck.) Timdal, Psora hypotheja (Lamb) Timdal, P. subrubiformis (Vainio) Timdal, and P. vallesiaca (Schaerer) Timdal are proposed.
New chemical data are given for a number of the species and chemical strains are recognized for the first time in Psora crenala, P. globifera, P. gresinonis , and P. rubifor–mis. Two new chemical strains of P. decipiens are recorded.     

Surface hydrophobicity causes SO2 tolerance in lichens

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The superhydrophobicity of the thallus surface in one of the most SO(2)-tolerant lichen species, Lecanora conizaeoides, suggests that surface hydrophobicity could be a general feature of lichen symbioses controlling their tolerance to SO(2). The study described here tests this hypothesis. METHODS: Water droplets of the size of a raindrop were placed on the surface of air-dry thalli in 50 lichen species of known SO(2) tolerance and contact angles were measured to quantify hydrophobicity. KEY RESULTS: The wettability of lichen thalli ranges from strongly hydrophobic to strongly hydrophilic. SO(2) tolerance of the studied lichen species increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the thallus surface. Extraction of extracellular lichen secondary metabolites with acetone reduced, but did not abolish the hydrophobicity of lichen thalli. CONCLUSIONS: Surface hydrophobicity is the main factor controlling SO(2) tolerance in lichens. It presumably originally evolved as an adaptation to wet habitats preventing the depression of net photosynthesis due to supersaturation of the thallus with water. Hydrophilicity of lichen thalli is an adaptation to dry or humid, but not directly rain-exposed habitats. The crucial role of surface hydrophobicity in SO(2) also explains why many markedly SO(2)-tolerant species are additionally tolerant to other (chemically unrelated) toxic substances including heavy metals.     

Two sorediate crustose lichens assigned to Lecanora

Nordin, A., Sundin, R. & Thor, G. 1995. Two sorediate crustose lichens assigned to Lecanora. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 553–556. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.
Lecanora viridissima is described and L. navarrensis is reported from Sweden (Dals-land, Sodermanland, Gotland, Oland, Smiland) and Estonia (Laanema, Saarema). The latter species is reported with apothecia from one locality in Sweden. Lecanora viridissima has not been found with apothecia or pycnidia but is placed in Lecanora due to its general habit and the presence of atranorin. It is distinguished by its morphology, chemistry and habitat. Lecanora viridissima has so far only been found on the island of Gotland in Sweden.     

LECANORA VACILLANSH. MAGN., A REMARKABLE SPECIES AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

The anatomy and chemistry ofLecanora vacillansH. Magn. has been studied. This saxicolous species combines key characters of both theL. subfuscaandL. subcarneagroups and indicates that the representative groups should not be segregated at generic level. More particularlyL. vacillansresembles theL. subfuscagroup in its apothecial anatomy but contains chemical substances typical of theL. subcarneagroup, whereas the morphology is reminiscent of both groups.Lecanora vacillansf.infuscatais reduced to synonymy withL. vacillans.     

采自甘肃白龙江流域中国茶渍属地衣的三个新记录种

在对甘肃白龙江流域的茶渍属(Lecanora)地衣进行调查采集和鉴定的基础上,报道三个中国新记录种:暗灰茶渍(L.cinereofusca H.Magn),暗黄茶渍(L.flavidofusca Mll.Arg.)和颗粒茶渍(L.perplexa Brodo)。对每种给出了详尽的形态、解剖和化学特征描述,并提供了每种的外部形态照片。     

BACIDIA CAESIOVIRENS,A NEW LICHEN SPECIES FROM WESTERN EUROPE

Bacidia caesiovirensS. Ekman & Holien sp. nov. is described from Norway, and the British Isles. It occurs on trunks of deciduous trees in coastal forests. This species is usually sterile and is characterized by its conspicuously blue-green, granular thallus, which contains a bluish, N+ purple pigment. It is closely related toB. biatorina(Körb.) Vain., but differs from this species in a number of features apart from thallus pigmentation: the thallus granules are smaller, the amount of hyphal projections from the surface of the thallus granules is larger, and the internal pigmentation of the apothecia is different.Bacidia auerswaldii(Hepp ex Stizenb.) Mig. has a similarly granular thallus but differs fromB. biatorinaandB. caesiovirensin having wide, fusiform spores and smaller thallus granules.Bacidia absistens(Nyl.) Arnold has an internal apothecium pigmentation similar toB. caesiovirens, but differs in having a smooth thallus, and an abundance of minute crystals in the excipulum.     

中国石鳞衣属（石鳞衣科）地衣一新种

通过形态学、解剖学、化学与分子系统学相结合的方法对采自巴音布鲁克自然保护区的地衣进行分类学研究,发现石鳞衣属地衣一新种——白缘石鳞衣Gypsoplaca albimarginata。新种的主要特征为地衣体具白色边缘、假根,子囊盘红褐色、镶嵌在鳞片表面。本研究对该种进行了详细的形态特征描述,并与其相似种进行了比较和讨论。     

MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OFLECANORASUBGENUSPLACODIUM

A first hypothesis for the phylogeny ofLecanorasubgen.Placodiumis presented by using molecular data. Previous evolutionary ideas and classification concepts for this group with non-molecular data are re-investigated using DNA sequence data from the nuclear ITS and 5.8S regions. UsingProtoparmeliaas an outgroup, theLecanora subfuscagroup together with theL. rupicolagroup appear as a sister group to assemblages with lobate species. Subgen.Placodium, as currently accepted, is not monophyletic. Molecular data suggest that theLecanora dispersagroup and theL. polytropagroup are widened by lobate species and there is evidence from the ITS data that the monotypic genusArctopeltisPoelt is closely related to theL. dispersagroup. A congruence between molecular data and secondary chemistry supports the broader concept of theL. dispersagroup suggested by the molecular data.     

Lichens on lignum in the coastal regions of western Spitsbergen (Svalbard)

Eighteen species of eleven lichen genera were found on driftwood and worked timber deposited on the beaches in the Hornsund and Billefjorden regions (the west coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago). Majority of them indicate low substrate specificity in the high arctic regions. Only three species (Caloplaca spitsbergensis, Lecanora mughicola, L. orae-frigidae) are typical for lignum. Most of the taxa are widespread in Svalbard. Species like: Caloplaca holocarpa, C. spitsbergensis, Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella, Rinodina archaea were sporadically reported till now. Lecanora mughicola was not reported from Svalbard up to the present and this is the first record of the species for the region.     

中国横断山地区蓝藻型肺衣属地衣的三个新种

在形态和化学研究的基础上,结合分子生物学研究方法（ITS片段）,对中国横断山地区的830号与蓝细菌共生的肺衣属标本进行了分类学研究,共发现3个新种;其中,横断山肺衣L. hengduanensis的主要特征是具粉芽化裂芽,无脊肺衣L. irrugulosa的网脊不明显,以及宽叶肺衣L. latilobulata的裂片顶端宽且钝圆;3个种在ITS系统发育树上分别形成独立小枝。文中提供了中国肺衣属中与蓝细菌共生的物种检索表。