共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Scott C. Stark Brian J. Enquist Scott R. Saleska Veronika Leitold Juliana Schietti Marcos Longo Luciana F. Alves Plinio B. Camargo Raimundo C. Oliveira 《Ecology letters》2015,18(7):636-645
Forest biophysical structure – the arrangement and frequency of leaves and stems – emerges from growth, mortality and space filling dynamics, and may also influence those dynamics by structuring light environments. To investigate this interaction, we developed models that could use LiDAR remote sensing to link leaf area profiles with tree size distributions, comparing models which did not (metabolic scaling theory) and did allow light to influence this link. We found that a light environment‐to‐structure link was necessary to accurately simulate tree size distributions and canopy structure in two contrasting Amazon forests. Partitioning leaf area profiles into size‐class components, we found that demographic rates were related to variation in light absorption, with mortality increasing relative to growth in higher light, consistent with a light environment feedback to size distributions. Combining LiDAR with models linking forest structure and demography offers a high‐throughput approach to advance theory and investigate climate‐relevant tropical forest change. 相似文献
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Doo-Ahn Kwak Woo-Kyun Lee Menas Kafatos Yowhan Son Hyun-Kook Cho Seung-Ho Lee 《中国科学：生命科学英文版》2010,53(7):898-908
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems can be used to estimate both vertical and horizontal forest structure. Woody components, the leaves of trees and the understory can be described with high precision, using geo-registered 3D-points. Based on this concept, the Effective Plant Area Indices (PAIe) for areas of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis), Japanese Larch (Larix leptolepis) and Oak (Quercus spp.) were estimated by calculating the ratio of intercepted and incident LIDAR laser rays for the canopies of the three forest types. Initially, the canopy gap fraction (G LiDAR ) was generated by extracting the LiDAR data reflected from the canopy surface, or inner canopy area, using k-means statistics. The LiDAR-derived PAIe was then estimated by using G LIDAR with the Beer-Lambert law. A comparison of the LiDAR-derived and field-derived PAIe revealed the coefficients of determination for Korean Pine, Japanese Larch and Oak to be 0.82, 0.64 and 0.59, respectively. These differences between field-based and LIDAR-based PAIe for the different forest types were attributed to the amount of leaves and branches in the forest stands. The absence of leaves, in the case of both Larch and Oak, meant that the LiDAR pulses were only reflected from branches. The probability that the LiDAR pulses are reflected from bare branches is low as compared to the reflection from branches with a high leaf density. This is because the size of the branch is smaller than the resolution across and along the 1 meter LIDAR laser track. Therefore, a better predictive accuracy would be expected for the model if the study would be repeated in late spring when the shoots and leaves of the deciduous trees begin to appear. 相似文献
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Gregory P. Asner† Jonathan M. O. Scurlock‡ Jeffrey A. Hicke† 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2003,12(3):191-205
Aim We present the first global synthesis of plant canopy leaf area index (LAI) measurements from more than 1000 published estimates representing ～400 unique field sites. LAI is a key variable for regional and global models of biosphere‐atmosphere exchanges of energy, carbon dioxide, water vapour, and other materials. Location The location is global, geographically distributed. Results Biomes with LAI values well represented in the literature included croplands, forests and plantations. Biomes not well represented were deserts, shrublands, tundra and wetlands. Nearly 40% of the records in the database were published in the past 10 years (1991–2000), with a further 20% collected between 1981 and 1990. Mean (± SD) LAI, distributed between 15 biome classes, ranged from 1.3 ± 0.9 for deserts to 8.7 ± 4.3 for tree plantations, with temperate evergreen forests (needleleaf and broadleaf) displaying the highest average LAI (5.1–6.7) among the natural terrestrial vegetation classes. Following a statistical outlier analysis, the global mean (± SD) LAI decreased from 5.2 (4.1) to 4.5 (2.5), with a maximum LAI of 18. Biomes with the highest LAI values were plantations > temperate evergreen forests > wetlands. Those with the lowest LAI values were deserts < grasslands < tundra. Mean LAI values for all biomes did not differ statistically by the methodology employed. Direct and indirect measurement approaches produced similar LAI results. Mean LAI values for all biomes combined decreased significantly in the 1990s, a period of substantially more studies and improved methodologies. Main conclusions Applications of the LAI database span a wide range of ecological, biogeochemical, physical, and climate research areas. The data provide input to terrestrial ecosystem and land‐surface models, for evaluation of global remote sensing products, for comparisons to field studies, and other applications. Example uses of the database for global plant productivity, fractional energy absorption, and remote sensing studies are highlighted. 相似文献
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受干扰长白山阔叶红松林林分组成及冠层结构特征 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
通过样地调查对不同干扰方式产生的过伐天然林、次生白桦林和人工落叶松林等群落的结构组成进行分析和分类探讨 ,并选取了林窗片断和叶面积指数两个能表示群落冠层结构的指标进行分析。结果表明 ,林窗片断值分别为 :原始阔叶红松林 0 194、原始阔叶类 0 185、结构转换型 0 315、结构保留型 0 36 3、结构破坏型 0 2 35、严重干扰类型 0 5 5 0、次生白桦林0 2 13和人工落叶松林 0 2 2 7;叶面积指数分别为 :原始阔叶红松林 1 76 6、原始阔叶类 1 6 80、结构转换型 1 2 5 0、结构保留型 1 0 2 8、结构破坏型 1 5 5 0、严重干扰类型 0 6 35、次生白桦林1 731和人工落叶松林 1 4 73。 相似文献
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冠层截留研究对于了解区域水资源分配和评估生态水文功能至关重要,山地复杂多样的环境使其存在较大的不确定性,遥感的发展为揭示山地系统冠层截留的特征提供了机遇。以秦巴山地为研究区,基于降雨数据和叶面积指数遥感数据,耦合植被冠层降雨截留模型,定量模拟和分析秦巴山地2003—2020年植被冠层降雨截留能力及其时空变化特征,并验证其精确性;采用地理探测器、相关分析和约束线法探究冠层截留的驱动因素。结果表明：(1)与PML＿V2数据集和实测数据相比,3.5以下的均方根误差和0.75以上的有效系数证实了A.P.J.DE ROO模型模拟的可靠性。(2)近18年截留量和截留率整体呈上升趋势,截留率在2015年发生逆转,由增(0.08%/a)向减(-0.15%/a)转变。(3)秦巴山地冠层截留总体上呈西部高山区和东北部边缘低,秦岭和大巴山区高的空间格局,其随海拔上升呈现“上升-稳定-下降”的分布特征;空间变化以上升趋势为主,显著下降的区域主要分布在汉江河谷的中心;低海拔区域变化差异较大,中海拔区域以显著增加为主,高海拔区域无显著变化。(4)叶面积指数和降雨量是影响冠层截留的主要因子,约束关系分别为正线型和正凸型;阔叶林截留率与小降雨事件的相关性高,针叶林、灌丛截留率与强降雨事件相关性较强,气候因子对冠层截留的影响在类别和解释程度上存在空间差异。研究可为区域尺度冠层截留的估测提供思路,且有助于评估气候变化背景下生态系统对水循环的影响。 相似文献
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Tommaso Jucker Boris Bongalov David F. R. P. Burslem Reuben Nilus Michele Dalponte Simon L. Lewis Oliver L. Phillips Lan Qie David A. Coomes 《Ecology letters》2018,21(7):989-1000
Topography is a key driver of tropical forest structure and composition, as it constrains local nutrient and hydraulic conditions within which trees grow. Yet, we do not fully understand how changes in forest physiognomy driven by topography impact other emergent properties of forests, such as their aboveground carbon density (ACD). Working in Borneo – at a site where 70‐m‐tall forests in alluvial valleys rapidly transition to stunted heath forests on nutrient‐depleted dip slopes – we combined field data with airborne laser scanning and hyperspectral imaging to characterise how topography shapes the vertical structure, wood density, diversity and ACD of nearly 15 km2 of old‐growth forest. We found that subtle differences in elevation – which control soil chemistry and hydrology – profoundly influenced the structure, composition and diversity of the canopy. Capturing these processes was critical to explaining landscape‐scale heterogeneity in ACD, highlighting how emerging remote sensing technologies can provide new insights into long‐standing ecological questions. 相似文献
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叶面积指数(Leaf area index, LAI)是陆地生态系统的一个十分重要的结构参数。随着空间精细化模型的发展和基于过程的分布式模拟技术的应用, 对LAI的区域估算显得越来越重要, 但目前尚缺乏有效的估算手段。该项研究以青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林为研究对象, 利用LAI-2000冠层分析仪、鱼眼镜头法和经验公式法对林冠层LAI进行了测定, 观测值分别为1.03~3.70、0.48~2.26和2.27~8.20, 显然, 仪器测定值偏低。针对针叶的集聚效应导致仪器测定值偏低的现象, 利用跟踪辐射与冠层结构测量仪(TRAC)测定的青海云杉林聚集系数计算调整系数, 对鱼眼镜头法获取的LAI值进行订正。根据高分辨率的遥感数据反演青海云杉林的植被指数与LAI的关系, 最后获得了较合理的该地区林冠层LAI的空间分布图。 相似文献
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Aims Accurate remote estimation of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) is essential for the light use efficiency (LUE) models. Currently, one challenge for the LUE models is lack of knowledge about the relationship between fAPAR and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Few studies have tested this relationship against field measurements and evaluated the accuracy of the remote estimation method. This study aimed to reveal the empirical relationship between NDVI and fAPAR and to improve algorithms for remote estimation of fAPAR.Methods To investigate the method of remote estimation of fAPAR seasonal dynamics, the CASA (Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach) model and spectral vegetation indices (VIs) were used for in situ measurements of spectral reflectance and fAPAR during the growing season of a maize canopy in Northeast China.Important findings The results showed that the fAPAR increased rapidly with the day of year during the vegetative stage, it remained relatively stable at the stage of reproduction, and finally decreased slowly during the senescence stage. In addition, fAPAR green [fAPAR green = fAPAR × (green LAI/green LAI max)] showed clearer seasonal trends than fAPAR. The NDVI, red-edge NDVI, wide dynamic range vegetation index, red-edge position (REP) and REP with Sentinel-2 bands derived from hyperspectral remote sensing data were all significantly positively related to fAPAR green during the entire growing season. In a comparison of the predictive performance of VIs for the whole growing season, REP was the most appropriate spectral index, and can be recommended for monitoring seasonal dynamics of fAPAR in a maize canopy. 相似文献
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G. A. Sánchez-Azofeifa K. L. Castro B. Rivard M. R. Kalascka R. C. Harriss 《Biotropica》2003,35(2):134-142
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黄瓜砧用白籽南瓜对不同盐胁迫的耐性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用营养液栽培,研究Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫对黄瓜嫁接用砧木南瓜幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响,并用隶属函数法综合评价其耐盐性.结果表明： 低浓度盐30 mmol·L-1Ca(NO3)2和等渗的45 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理促进砧木幼苗生长;高浓度盐60、120 mmol·L-1Ca(NO3)2和等渗的90、180 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,各砧木幼苗的生长和抗氧化酶系统均受到不同程度的抑制,其中,‘青砧1号’的盐害指数最小,生物量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的下降幅度以及相对电导率的上升幅度均小于其他砧木.高盐Ca(NO3)2胁迫下,各砧木SOD、POD和CAT酶活性均高于等渗的NaCl,而盐害指数和相对电导率低于NaCl,表明Ca(NO3)2对砧木南瓜幼苗生长的危害小于NaCl.4个砧木品种的耐盐性顺序为‘青砧1号’>‘佐木南瓜’>‘丰源铁甲’>‘超霸南瓜’. 相似文献
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森林的垂直结构是地上植被要素在垂直方向上的排列, 它影响动植物多样性和生态系统功能, 是许多植物生态学家关注的重点。背包激光雷达技术的发展为大面积、高精度扫描三维森林结构提供了基础。直观反映生物量的冠层高度(canopy height, CH)、代表植物光合能力的叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)和单木尺度上的特征是森林垂直结构最重要的参数。本研究旨在探索鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林样地尺度和单木尺度上的垂直结构特征。本研究基于背包激光雷达, 对滇中高原20.16 ha半湿润常绿阔叶林样地群落的CH和LAI进行了精细扫描和点云定量分析, 在进行地形校正和群落分类的基础上, 精细提取和分析了森林群落的叶面积指数的垂直变化和水平格局, 并定量提取了群落常见乔木种的单木形态和垂直结构参数。结果显示: (1)以20 m × 20 m标准样方为统计单位的CH和LAI的分布接近正态分布; (2)根据LAI的垂直分布, 森林动态监测样地群落冠层由上至下可划分为林冠上层、林冠中层、林冠下层与灌木层4个层次; (3)元江栲(Castanopsis orthacantha)和高山栲(C. delavayi)群落的LAI垂直变化呈单峰格局, 峰值高度分别为15 m和13 m, 云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)群落为双峰格局, 峰值高度为5 m和10 m; (4)不同树种的各单木参数表现出较大的差异性, 但冠幅面积/胸径比表现出相对的稳定性。本研究在国内首次基于激光雷达技术定量分析具有复杂结构的半湿润常绿阔叶林的叶面积指数的三维格局, 或可对以后该类型森林生物多样性的研究和不同森林类型之间的比较研究提供数据基础。 相似文献
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运用功能性状的研究方法能有效地利用植物的生理、形态和生活史等特征, 揭示性状对物种共存的影响。以往有关热带林的群落生态学分析中, 基本上都是以胸径(DBH) ≥ 1 cm 以上的个体为对象, 而对 DBH < 1 cm的幼苗很少关注。该文以海南岛典型的热带低地雨林老龄林内幼苗多度最大的16个物种的幼苗为研究对象, 详细测定了4种功能性状: 比叶面积( SLA)、叶干物质比例(LMF)、比茎密度(SSD)和茎干物质比例(SMF), 分析了这些性状之间及其与幼苗高度的关系。结果表明: SLA和LMF随幼苗高度增加而显著减小, SSD和SMF随幼苗高度增加而显著增加; 幼苗功能性状在不同的生长阶段均达到显著差异; 乔木和灌木幼苗的各功能性状均无显著差异, 藤本植物幼苗的各功能性状与前两种生长型植物有显著差异; 乔木、灌木通过低的SLA、LMF和高的SMF来适应热带低地老龄林的林下低光环境, 藤本植物则通过相反的策略实现在老龄林中的共存; 幼苗通过调节各功能性状之间的权衡来适应环境。 相似文献
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Arturo Sanchez‐Azofeifa Jose Antonio Guzmán Carlos A. Campos Saulo Castro Virginia Garcia‐Millan Joanne Nightingale Cassidy Rankine 《Biotropica》2017,49(5):604-619
The fields of tropical biology and conservation face significant transformations due to rapid technological developments in remote sensing. Other fields (e.g. Archeology) are experiencing this momentous change even more rapidly. In this article, we review some of the challenges that the fields of tropical biology and conservation face during the first quarter of the twenty‐first century from the perspective of various remote sensing technologies, and discuss the transformations that they may bring to these disciplines. In addition, we review two emerging technologies driving paradigm changes in the nexus of ecology, remote sensing, and analytics: near‐surface remote sensing and Wireless Sensor Networks. These two technologies, arising from the eScience paradigm, offer unique opportunities to integrate field observations at hyper‐temporal and spatial resolutions that were not possible as recently as 5 years ago. 相似文献
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雷雪;吴建勋;董崇天;洪隽琰;刘蕾;孟陈;卫炎豪;彭俊喜 《生态学杂志》2025,44(3):1029-1037
林分因子的精确遥感测量和批量提取是森林资源调查的发展趋势。本研究采用无人机和地面手持激光雷达对上海市浦江郊野公园香樟林进行遥感;结合林地实地调查数据;探究激光雷达空地一体化技术在城市人工纯林中的林分因子提取方法和精度评价。结果表明:（1）激光雷达空地一体化技术在森林资源林分因子遥感测量中具有较高测量精度和应用价值;其提取树高的偏差为-0.13 m（-1.17%）;R2为0.95（P<0.001）;提取胸径的偏差为-2 cm（5.59%）;R2为0.98（P<0.001）;通过公式DBH=0.9670×DBHp-0.0057可对胸径提取中的系统误差进行有效校正。（2）无人机和地面手持激光雷达在森林资源林分因子遥感测量中各具优势;无人机激光雷达在测量树高和冠幅上具有优势;地面激光雷达在测量胸径和树冠体积上精度更高。因此;激光雷达空地融合技术在森林碳汇评估和森林资源调查中具有广阔的应用空间;同时也为大范围森林资源调查的自动化和智能化提供技术支撑。 相似文献