桑叶水提浸膏的抑菌作用研究

研究桑叶水提浸膏对五种食品常见污染菌的抑菌作用。通过滤纸片扩散法测定其相对抑菌活性。结果表明,桑叶水提浸膏对金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌作用次之,对枯草芽孢杆菌、荧光假单孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌抑菌效果较差。桑叶水提浸膏对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度是5%,抑菌作用受pH和温度的影响较大,在酸性条件下抑菌效果较好,低于60℃处理样品对抑菌效果影响不大,但高于80℃处理,样品抑菌活性明显降低。     

长足大竹象雄性附腺提取物抑菌作用研究

以3种细菌(大肠杆菌Escherichia coli、金黄色葡萄球菌Bacillus subtilis、枯草芽孢杆菌Staphyloccocus aureus)为供试菌,测定了长足大竹象Cyrtotrachelus buqueti雄性附腺提取物的抑菌活性。结果表明:长足大竹象雄性附腺提取物对革兰氏阳性菌如枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均有一定的抑菌活性。不同浓度的粗提物对枯草芽孢杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌影响差异均具有高度统计学意义(P0.01),抑菌活性随着粗提物浓度的增加而增强。粗提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为0.2 mg·m L~(-1)、0.4 mg·m L~(-1)。不同处理温度对长足大竹象雄性附腺粗提物的抑菌作用有一定影响。     

硬枝树花中4个单体化合物的抑菌活性

研究了从硬枝树花中提取得到的4个单体化合物松萝酸(usnic acid)、去甲环萝酸(evernic acid)、巴尔巴地衣酸(barbatic acid)和水杨嗪酸(salazinic acid)对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌4种细菌及甜瓜根腐病菌、禾谷镰刀病菌、番茄灰霉病菌3种植物病原菌的抑制能力。结果表明,水杨嗪酸对大肠杆菌的抑制能力较强,对枯草芽孢杆菌几乎无抑制作用。松萝酸对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌基本无抑制作用。高浓度的去甲环萝酸对大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果较好。巴尔巴地衣酸对4种细菌的抑制作用不强。水杨嗪酸对3种植物病原菌的抑制效果明显,去甲环萝酸对3种植物病原菌的抑菌效果较好,巴尔巴地衣酸对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制能力较好,而松萝酸对植物病原菌的抑制能力较弱。     

马缨丹抑菌试验研究

目的：研究马缨丹的体外抑菌效果。方法：制备马缨丹水煎煮液和乙醇提取液,测定其对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度及灭菌前后提取液抑菌效果的变化。结果：当两种提取液生药含量大于0.4 g/mL时,它们对三种细菌的抑菌效果依次为：枯草芽孢杆菌〉金黄色葡萄球菌〉大肠杆菌。马缨丹乙醇提取液对三种细菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为1/64g/mL1、/16g/mL和1/32g/mL,都比水煎煮液的结果1/32g/mL、1/8g/mL和1/16g/mL低。两种提取液经121℃高压蒸汽灭菌处理后对枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用有所增强。结论：两种提取液对三种细菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,因此,马缨丹可考虑用于食品、化妆品及饲料防腐等领域,以提高产品质量。     

家蝇幼虫血淋巴粗提物抑菌活性初步研究

以4种细菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)为供试菌,测定了家蝇幼虫血淋巴粗提物的抑菌活性。结果显示,家蝇幼虫血淋巴各浓度粗提物对4种供试细菌均有一定的抑菌活性,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率最大,其他依次为大肠杆菌>枯草芽胞杆菌>巨大芽孢杆菌,在0.8mg/mL时的抑菌率分别为51.09%、48.66%、43.27%和40.62%;在各浓度下不同菌种之间的抑菌率差异不显著,抑菌活性随着血淋巴粗提物浓度的增加而增强。在0.8mg/mL时对各细菌的抑菌圈直径分别为12.00mm、12.22mm、9.11mm和10.33mm,均显著大于对照,但低于头孢霉素。     

2种蓼科植物体外抑菌试验研究

为研究蓼科植物水蓼、火炭母体外抑菌效果,制备水煎煮液,测定其对枯草芽胞杆菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉、青霉、酿酒酵母的抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度及灭菌前后水煎煮液抑菌效果的变化。结果表明：当水蓼液浓度大于0.6 g/mL,火炭母液浓度大于0.2 g/mL时,2者对细菌的抑菌效果均依次为：金黄色葡萄球菌〉大肠埃希菌〉枯草芽胞杆菌。2种水煎煮液对3种真菌无抑制作用。火炭母液对3种细菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为1/8、1/16和1/64 g/mL,都比水蓼液的结果1/4、1/8和1/16 g/mL低。药液经121℃高压蒸汽灭菌处理后,水蓼液对3种细菌的抑制作用有所增强,火炭母液则对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用有所增强。2种水煎煮液对3种细菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,可考虑以其为原料进行植物源抗菌剂的开发,拓宽其应用领域。     

2,5-二氨基-1,4-苯醌类化合物的抑菌活性

通过稀释和测量抑菌圈大小的方法,测定了10种不同氨基醌对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长抑制性。这些醌的DMSO溶液对三种菌的抑制程度随浓度的提高,效果越明显。当浓度达500 mg/L时,对三种细菌的生长完全抑制。在同样条件下,这些醌的DMSO溶液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果比枯草杆菌好,大肠杆菌对2,5-二氨基-1,4-苯醌类的敏感度略大于金黄色葡萄球菌。     

海金沙提取物体外抑菌性能研究

用M／C和纸片法考查了海金沙提取物对藤黄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌性能。结果表明：海金沙对4种受试菌株都有抑菌活性;37℃时,醇提物对乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌效果最好,最大抑菌圈为8．5mm;42℃时,对藤黄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌的抑菌效果最好,最大抑菌圈分别为21、13．2和6．5mm。pH值为7．6时,海金沙醇提物在对藤黄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的最大抑菌圈分别为9．1、8．2、9mm和11．3mm。海金沙水提物和醇提物对藤黄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌质量分数分别为25％、12．5％、12．5％、25％和3．12％、1．56％、6．25％、3．12％．     

黑刺菝葜根提取物的抑菌活性研究

以常见6种细菌和5种真菌为供试菌。采用滤纸片水平扩散法。对黑刺菝葜根的4种溶剂提取物和剩余水相大孔吸附树脂5种乙醇梯度洗脱物共9种提取物进行了室内抗菌生物活性测试,并对其主要的化学成分-常规的抗菌活性物质黄酮和甾体皂苷类化合物进行了定量测定。结果表明：黑刺菝葜根剩余水相大孔吸附树脂100％乙醇的洗脱物表现出极强的广谱性抗菌活性,80％乙醇的洗脱物对绿木霉、大肠杆菌显示出极强抑菌力;黑刺菝葜根的石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌显示较强的抗性;根的石油醚提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌等有较强的抑制作用;根中所含的常规抑菌活性成分黄酮的含量为2．83％;甾体皂苷元的含量为4．55％。     

柚皮果胶水解物的抗菌活性研究

以果胶酶为催化剂对柚皮果胶进行了水解,得到不同果胶水解物,探讨水解时间对其抑菌活性的影响;采用两倍稀释法测定了适宜水解的柚皮果胶对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用。结果表明,适度水解的柚皮果胶具有明显的抗菌作用,其对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌质量浓度分别为3.75、7.50和3.75 g.L-1,最低杀菌质量浓度分别为3.75、7.50和7.50 g.L-1。     

In vitro effect of some Indian honeys on Staphylococcus aureus from wounds

Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated pathogen from wounds with multiple resistances to antibiotics. Honey has been demonstrated and reported to be effective antibacterial agent on Gram positive and Gram negative organisms. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of Indian honeys on Staphylococcus aureus obtained from wounds. A total of 123 Staphylococcus aureus isolates along with ATCC 25923 were categorized as sensitive, multi drug resistant (MDR) and non-MDR strains. Out of total nine Indian honeys (three each of unifloral, multifloral and branded marketed honey) used, three unifloral and three multifloral honey samples showed antibacterial activity against all the organisms tested by Agar diffusion method but not the branded marketed honeys. The MIC values of all honey samples for all studied Staphylococcus aureus isolates ranged between 5-15% (v/v). Unifloral honey samples showed higher antibacterial activity than multifloral honey. The single sample of Jambhul honey showed the highest activity. Thus, Indian honeys were found to be effective for their antimicrobial activity on sensitive, non-MDR, MDR and ATCC strains of S. aureus.     

Antibacterial activity, structure and CMC relationships of alkanediyl alpha,omega-bis(dimethylammonium bromide) surfactants

Some alpha,omega-alkanediyl bis-dimethylammonium bromide compounds (gemini surfactants) referred as "m-s-m" have been synthesized, purified and characterized by usual spectroscopic methods. These compounds have been screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Their activity was compared. The compounds tested showed excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 1.5 to 20 microg/ml and had variable activity against E. coli with minimum minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 microg/ml. These compounds are less active against P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, contrary to the antibacterial activity of these products against S. aureus, a relation between the MIC and the critical micellar concentration (CMC) was found and relationship between chain's Length and antibacterial activity was found.     

木犀草素对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性及其机制

【目的】研究木犀草素对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性及其机制。【方法】利用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色,细胞膜渗透性测定,SDS-PAGE蛋白谱变化,4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)荧光染色法等对木犀草素的抑菌活性及其机制进行研究。【结果】木犀草素能影响金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜的通透性,木犀草素作用16h,菌体可溶性蛋白总量减少64.54%,DNA含量减少48.44%,RNA含量减少39.35%,木犀草素的浓度为1.6mg/mL时,拓扑异构酶I和II的活性可完全被抑制。【结论】木犀草素有明显的抑菌活性,其抑菌机制主要是通过抑制DNA拓扑异构酶的活性,进而影响菌体核酸及蛋白质的合成来实现的。     

普外科切口感染病原菌及细菌耐药性分析

目的探讨普外科切口感染菌分布及耐药性,指导临床用药及预防控制措施。方法总结分析本院2003年1月至2005年5月普外科124例切口感染住院患者的病原菌资料。结果124例切口感染标本中共分离出感染菌127株,病原菌依次为:大肠埃希菌占47.24%、肠球菌占18.90%、金黄色葡萄球菌占12.60%、肠杆菌属占7.87%、真菌占7.09%、克雷伯菌属占6.30%。以革兰阴性菌为主占61.41%,革兰阳性菌占31.50%,真菌占7.09%。大肠埃希菌与克雷伯菌的耐药性相仿,对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢西丁、头孢吡肟、亚胺硫霉素、阿米卡星的耐药率较低,肠杆菌属仅对亚胺硫霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率低,肠球菌仅对万古霉素的耐药率低,金黄色葡萄球菌MRSA检出率为25%,除对青霉素和氨苄青霉素的耐药率较高外,对其它抗菌药物的耐药率尚处于低水平。结论细菌耐药性是引起术后感染、治愈困难的重要原因之一,加强细菌耐药性监测,采用合理预防控制措施,能减低术后切口感染的发生。     

毛两面针挥发油化学成分及其生物活性

研究了毛两面针挥发油抑菌作用。抗菌实验结果表明,水蒸馏法提取的挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌有明显的抑菌作用,乙醚提取的挥发油原液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌有明显的抑菌作用。采用GC/MS分析了水蒸汽所得挥发油的化学成分,鉴定了20种物质,其中,主要成分是倍半萜。(-)-spathulenol、-γelemene和germacrene D等已被报道有抑菌作用的成分含量分别为12.53%、1.75%和1.44%。     

载银纳米抗菌复合骨填充材料体外抗菌性能研究

目的探讨新型载银纳米抗菌复合骨填充材料(TiO2-Ag-nHA/PA66)的体外抗菌性能。方法采用抑菌环试验及菌落总数测定法检测不同纳米抗菌复合骨填充材料(A1、A2、A3)对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌效果;扫描电镜观察其对细菌的抗粘附作用。结果抑菌环试验显示,不同载银纳米抗菌复合骨填充材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌均形成明显的抑菌环,以作用24 h抑菌环直径最大,并随作用时间延长,抑菌环直径逐渐缩小。其中银含量为0.64%(质量比)的材料A3的抗菌作用最明显,持续时间最长,其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用持续时间分别达到33 d和24 d;菌落总数测定法显示细菌与材料A3接触24 h后,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抗菌率分别为94.18%和85.96%;扫描电镜发现载银材料能够明显减少细菌在材料表面的粘附。结论载银纳米抗菌复合骨填充材料体外对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠埃希菌有明显抗菌作用,为其应用于慢性骨髓炎术后骨缺损修复提供理论依据。     

壳聚糖抑菌机制的初步研究

壳聚糖在医学、食品、环保、日化用品等领域有着广泛而重要的应用.近年来,壳聚糖由于对不同的菌类都具有良好的抑菌效果而被研究者们密切关注.然而,有关壳聚糖抑菌机制的研究却并不多,其抑菌机制也没有被完全阐明.在本研究中,我们发现很多金属离子可以对壳聚糖的抑菌效果产生影响,高浓度金属离子(0.5%)可以使壳聚糖完全丧失抑菌活性.还发现金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌在壳聚糖的作用下会发生钾离子和ATP的渗漏,而且五万分子量的壳聚糖引起钾离子和ATP的渗漏大约比五千分子量壳聚糖多2到4倍.不同分子量的壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌都具有较好的抑菌效果,但是引起钾离子和ATP的渗漏量却存在很大差异,这说明小分子量壳聚糖很可能存在与大分子量壳聚糖不同的抑菌机制.     

片球菌素PediocinPA-1抑菌活性检测

目的检测通过基因工程获得的片球菌素Pediocin PA-1抑菌活性。方法采用琼脂扩散法检测片球菌素Pediocin PA-1对单核细胞增生李斯特杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、沙门菌和大肠埃希菌O157的抑菌活性。结果片球菌素Pediocin PA-1对单核细胞增生李斯特杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌O157等均有抑制作用。其中对单核细胞增生李斯特杆菌、沙门菌、大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用效果明显,对铜绿假单胞菌有微弱的抑制作用。结论通过基因工程获得的片球菌素Pediocin PA-1具有抑菌活性。     

Antibacterial properties of larval secretions of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata

The antibacterial properties of secretions aseptically collected from larvae of the greenbottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were examined. These investigations revealed the presence of small (<1 kDa) antibacterial factor(s) within the larval secretions, active against a range of bacteria. These include the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Streptococcus pyogenes and to a lesser extent the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These secretions were shown to be highly stable as a freeze-dried preparation and, considering the activity against organisms typically associated with clinical infection, may be a source of novel antibiotic-like compounds that may be used for infection control and in the fight against MRSA.     

The effects of charge and lipophilicity on the antibacterial activity of undecapeptides derived from bovine lactoferricin.

We have investigated the effects of charge and lipophilicity on the antibacterial activity of an undecapeptide (FKCRRWQWRMK) derived from the sequence of bovine lactoferricin. We prepared ten analogues that were modified by the incorporation of Ala, Tyr, Trp, Met and Arg residues, which are amino acids known to be important for the antibacterial activity of longer derivatives of lactoferricins. All undecapeptides contained the native Trp residues in positions 6 and 8, and the Arg residues in positions 5 and 9. Generally, the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to these undecapeptides than the Gram-negative bacteria, and a higher antibacterial activity was observed against Escherichia coli than against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The only exception was the peptide Undeca 9 (RRWYRWAWRMR-NH2), which was almost equally active against all three test strains, displaying minimal inhibitory concentrations of 10 microg/ml (5.8 microM), 7.5 microg/ml (4.4 microM) and 5 microg/ml (2.9 microM) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The peptides Undeca 6 (YRAWRWAWRWR-NH2) and Undeca 7 (YRMWRWAWRWR-NH2) were the two most active undecapeptides against Staphylococcus aureus, both displaying a minimal inhibitory concentration of 2.5 microg/ml (1.5 microM). The study showed that a level was reached in which undecapeptides having a net charge above +4 and containing three or four Trp residues all displayed a high antibacterial activity. All undecapeptides prepared were essentially non-haemolytic, but undecapeptides containing more than three Trp residues displayed 50% haemolysis of human red blood cells at concentrations above 400 microg/ml (>230 microM).