Trifluoperazine Activates and Releases Latent ATP-Generating Enzymes Associated with the Synaptic Plasma Membrane

Neurone-specific enolase (NSE) and the brain form of creatine phosphokinase (CPK-BB) were previously found to be present in rat synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) using two-dimensional gel (2-D gel) and peptide analysis; enzymatic activities of these and of pyruvate kinase (PK), all involved in ATP generation, were shown to be "cryptic" unless the SPM were treated with Triton X-100. We now show that enzymatic activation also occurs when the SPM are treated with trifluoperazine (TFP). TFP activation occurred even when the enzymes were membrane associated, showing that solubilization was not responsible for "unmasking" the enzyme activities. When TFP treatment was performed at alkaline instead of neutral pH, NSE and CPK-BB were released as well as PK, nonneuronal enolase, and aldolase which were identified by 2-D gel and tryptic peptide analysis. Other proteins released included calmodulin, actin, and the 70-kilodalton heat-shock cognate protein. Tubulin, synapsin I, and a 35-kilodalton basic protein were largely unaffected. The latter was identified as the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase on the basis of 2-D gel and peptide analyses and subsequent partial sequencing of a rat brain cDNA coding for the same protein. TFP treatment is thus useful for activating latent enzymes as well as for distinguishing enzymes that have a different disposition on the membrane.     

Creatine Phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) and the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction

Creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) is the most sensitive and the most specific indicator available for the diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction. With the exception of after-cardiac surgical procedures, the degree and the duration of CPK-MB elevation in serum approximates the extent of an acute myocardial infarction, although a variety of factors may affect the reliability of such an index. Differences in the fractionation and assay methods for the creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes have produced conflicting documentation as to the presence of CPK-MB in tissues other than myocardium and the release of CPK-MB under conditions other than an acute myocardial infarction. The embryological development of the CPK-MB isoenzymes, as well as the various conditions involving increased CPK-BB serum activity, also deserve attention.     

不同产地红毛鸡(Centropus sinensis)氨基酸成分的分析

目的:评价不同产地红毛鸡药材的质量。方法:采用日立L-8800型全自动氨基酸分析仪测定12批不同产地红毛鸡总氨基酸的含量。结果:12个样品均含有17种总氨基酸,其中必需和半必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的49.42%～53.16%。结论:不同产地的红毛鸡均含有丰富的氨基酸,具有较高的药用价值,但含量随产地不同而异。     

云南盈江县不同产地草果氨基酸和矿质营养元素分析

用氨基酸自动分析仪、等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP法)等方法测定云南盈江县三个草果Amomum tsaoko主产乡的草果氨基酸、矿质营养元素等成分。结果显示,不同产地草果中氨基酸和矿质营养元素含量有明显差异。盈江县各地的草果氨基酸含量均比文山产草果低,其中苏典乡劈石村的2号样品(海拔1540 m,土壤pH 6.58)氨基酸含量与文山样品最为接近;微量营养元素总含量则相反,盈江县产草果均高于文山样品。     

板蓝根热加工过程中氨基酸组分分析

利用氨基酸自动分析仪对板蓝根的新鲜植物组织和不同加工程度的板蓝根药材中的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量进行测定。结果表明:板蓝根的新鲜植物组织和不同加工程度的板蓝根药材氨基酸在含量上有明显差别。结论为:不同加工程度的板蓝根药材中氨基酸含量差别明显,其中碱性氨基酸含量的差别尤其显著,该差异可能是由于加工过程中发生美拉德反应造成的。     

锦灯笼果不同部位氨基酸的测定与分析

用日立L-8800型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了锦灯笼不同部位中的氨基酸含量,结果表明18种氨基酸总量及药效氨基酸总量都以果皮中最高,其次是果肉和果汁。说明锦灯笼的不同部位在营养学和医学上都有很高的研究价值。     

中华鳖不同部位氨基酸的测定与分析

用日立L-8800型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了中华鳖不同部位中的氨基酸含量,结果表明17种氨基酸总量及药效氨 基酸总量都以卵、肌肉中最高,其次是血液及肝脏,胆汁中17种氨基酸总量虽低,但牛磺酸含量极高。说明中华鳖的不同部位 在营养学和医学上都有很高的研究价值。     

6种石斛属植物氨基酸组成及营养价值评价

为比较不同种石斛的氨基酸组成差异,作出营养评价,使用氨基酸自动分析仪检测6种石斛的氨基酸含量,分析其必需氨基酸组成成分,并通过计算氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)及氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)等非生物指标进行营养评价。结果表明:石斛中氨基酸种类齐全、营养丰富,均含有被检测的17种氨基酸。6种石斛氨基酸总量存在差异,介于3.58%～8.09%。必需氨基酸组成总含量介于42.62%～47.23%之间,明显高于WHO/FAO模式值(35.00%),其中,化学评分显示其限制氨基酸均为半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸。6种石斛药用氨基酸含量相差较大(2.24%～5.37%),其中蜻蜓石斛含量最高,为含量最低细叶石斛的2.40倍,但在总氨基酸中所占的比例基本一致(60.96%～66.47%)。对6种石斛进行聚类分析可分为4类,其中杓唇石斛、叠鞘石斛、细叶石斛可视为高品质蛋白质种。综上所述,石斛氨基酸具有重要的营养价值,6种石斛氨基酸差异显著。该结果可为石斛营养价值评价、品种选育及药用开发提供理论指导。     

珍珠及珍珠层的化学成分比较研究

本文对不同产地及不同等级的淡水养殖褶纹冠蚌、三角帆蚌珍珠以及珍珠层中的氨基酸和微量元素进行了对比分析,结果表明,珍珠的来源不同,其氨基酸的种类及含量不同,各种微量元素的含量也有差异。研究表明,珍珠的等级与化学成分含量无相关性。     

闽产李果实氨基酸组成及其营养分析

为了弄清不同闽产李（Prunus salicina）果实氨基酸含量、组成及营养价值,采用氨基酸自动分析仪 对不同李果实样品中各种氨基酸的含量进行检测,并对其组成进行比较分析。结果表明,李果实含有18种蛋白质氨基酸和3种非蛋白质氨基酸。田黄李的牛磺酸含量与蛋白质氨基酸含量均最高分别为26.54 mg/100 g和496.14 mg/100 g;皇后李的鸟氨酸、药用氨基酸、酸味氨基酸含量以及特殊功效蛋白质氨基酸的比重均最高分别为0.36 mg/100 g、364.67 mg/100 g、298.28 mg/100 g和73.45%;早熟胭脂李的γ-氨基丁酸含量最高为7.98 mg/100 g;大胭脂李的支链氨基酸含量最高为46.77 mg/100 g。李果实中氨基酸种类齐全、含量存在一定的差异,可根据不同的开发利用目标选择合适的品种。     

Amino Acid Pool Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The accumulation and behavior of various amino acids in the pool of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) were investigated. Patterns of pool formation and maintenance varied with different amino acids tested and were dependent, to a considerable extent, upon the ability of the organism to catabolize the particular amino acid. The establishment of steady-state amino acid pool levels depended upon the activity of the amino acid permease involved and upon the rate of protein synthesis. The presence of a relatively large specific amino acid pool did not affect the formation of a pool of a structurally different amino acid, and a preformed steady-state pool was not displaced by structurally unrelated amino acids. Steady-state amino acid pools decreased rapidly in the presence of inhibitors of energy metabolism and at 0 C. Steady-state internal amino acid pools were found to be in equilibrium with the corresponding external amino acid, present at low levels. A multiplicity of proline pools was demonstrated.     

中华绒螯蟹不同部位游离氨基酸的测定与分析

本文对中华绒螯蟹不同部位的游离氨基酸含量和组成进行测定,结果显示：中华绒螯蟹步足肌肉、腹部肌肉和蟹黄这三个部位的游离氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和限制性氨基酸总量存在显著差异性。此外,阳澄湖蟹和池塘养殖蟹的各部位游离氨基酸含量和组成也存在很大差异性。     

Effect of amino acids on the eutectic behavior of NaCl solutions studied by DSC

The effect of a series of amino acids on the eutectic behavior of NaCl solutions at isotonic concentration has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The inclusion of different amino acids had different effects on eutectic formation. The amino acids were grouped into four categories based on their effect on eutectic formation: category C were amino acids that had no effect on eutectic formation; category D amino acids inhibited eutectic formation; category T amino acids shifted the melting of the eutectic to a lower temperature; category E amino acids caused the formation of a new eutectic with a melting temperature approximately -5 degrees C. The mechanism of these different effects on eutectic behavior is discussed, based on the chemical structure of the amino acids.     

柴达木盆地西伯利亚白刺和唐古特白刺的氨基酸含量及其营养评价

对柴达木盆地的西伯利亚白刺和唐古特白刺不同部位中氨基酸含量作了分析比较 ,并进行了营养评价。白刺中富含蛋白质 ,含有 18种氨基酸 ,其中有人体必需的 8种氨基酸 ,白刺果汁中的必需氨基酸含量远高于沙棘果汁。两种白刺的蛋白质和各氨基酸在各部位中含量分布相似 ,但因种的差异 ,第一限制性氨基酸稍有差别。     

冬虫夏草菌菌丝体中的氨基酸及其衍生物的代谢组学分析

为探究冬虫夏草菌（Ophiocordyceps sinensis）菌丝体氨基酸及其衍生物的差异性,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱（Ultra performance liquid Chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS）技术对3株冬虫夏草菌（玉树菌株XSH、达日菌株DR、贵德菌株LJ）菌丝体的氨基酸及其衍生物进行靶向定量检测,利用主成分分析（Principal component analysis, PCA）和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（Orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA）考察样品分类情况、筛选差异代谢物。结果表明,3株菌株菌丝体中均检测到72种氨基酸及其衍生物,发现除组氨酸外可合成蛋白质的19种氨基酸,菌株XSH的总氨基酸及必需氨基酸绝对含量均高于其他菌株。菌株XSH相比菌株DR和菌株LJ分别含有29种和28种差异氨基酸及其衍生物,菌株DR相比菌株LJ含有10种差异氨基酸及其衍生物,此外,3株菌株菌丝体含有3个共有的差异氨基酸及其衍生物,分别为高精氨酸、N-乙酰-L-谷氨酰胺、肌氨酸。京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）通路富集分析显示,差异氨基酸及其衍生物在精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路中更活跃,不同产区冬虫夏草菌株的氨基酸含量可能受精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路的影响。基于研究结果发现不同产区的冬虫夏草菌株的氨基酸及其衍生物存在较大的差异。     

蔓荆子野生品及不同采收期栽培品氨基酸成分分析

目的比较蔓荆子野生品及不同采收期栽培品中氨基酸成分及含量。方法色谱柱3μm×4.6 mm×60 mm,缓冲液流量0.4 m1.min-1,茚三酮流量0.3 m1.min-1,分析时间30 min。结果蔓荆子生药材中检出17种氨基酸,野生与栽培蔓荆子中氨基酸总量分别为32.5 g.kg-1和46.5 g.kg-1,8月下旬、10月中旬、12月中旬3个采收期栽培蔓荆子中氨基酸总量分别为44.7 g.kg-1、47.5 g.kg-1和47.2 g.kg-1。结论蔓荆子中氨基酸总量与其生长环境及方式有关,栽培品质量优于野生品;不同采收期蔓荆子中氨基酸总量无明显差异。     

小菜蛾感染球孢白僵菌后血淋巴游离氨基酸的测定

通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）对感染球孢白僵菌后小菜蛾血淋巴游离氨基酸含量进行测定,结果表明染菌后小菜蛾幼虫体内氨基酸含量明显低于对照组,主要是由于菌株在虫体内营养生长消耗和虫体内的养分所致;小菜蛾幼虫体内具有菌株营养生长所必需的氨基酸,因此可以认为小菜蛾是白僵菌的敏感寄主;各处理组间各种游离氨基酸在量上存在一定的差异,是由于不同发育阶段的虫体与菌株及不同类型菌株营养生长所必需的游离氨基酸含量不同所造成的。     

Similarities in protein amino acid composition in connection with principles of protein evolution

The amino acid composition of human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was compared with alcohol dehydrogenases from different organisms and with other proteins. Similar amino acid sequences in human ADH (template protein) and in other proteins were determined by means of an original computer program. Analysis of amino acid motifs reveals that the ADHs from evolutionary more close organisms have more common amino acid sequences. The quantity measure of amino acid similarity was the number of similar motifs in analyzed protein per protein length. This value was measured for ADHs and for different proteins. For ADHs, this quotient was higher than for proteins with different functions; for vertebrates it correlated with evolutionary closeness. The similar operation of motif comparison was made with the help of program complex “MEME”. The analysis of ADHs revealed 4 motifs common to 6 of 10 tested organisms and no such motifs for proteins of different function. The conclusion is that general amino composition is more important for protein function than amino acid order and for enzymes of similar function it better correlates with evolutionary distance between organisms.     

蛋白质特征曲线的研究

提出一种新颖的方案使蛋白质结构信息可视化。在滑动窗口方法基础上,每一个天然氨基酸采用从氨基酸索引数据库中挑选的48种特性参数描述,在某一特定窗口下的所有氨基酸残基的参数就组成一个矩阵,通过矩阵变换得到一个方矩阵,再经过窗口的滑动就得到基于整个蛋白质的所有这些窗口矩阵的本征值矩阵。对本征值矩阵元素作图得到一系列的本征值曲线,这种曲线的轮廓不随窗口的变化而变化,这些曲线被称为蛋白质的特征曲线。为选择合适的窗口宽度、对同一类型蛋白质不同窗口宽度及不同类型蛋白质相同窗口宽度下的本征值矩阵进行了比较研究,对其潜在的用途进行了讨论。     

养殖史氏鲟不同部位氨基酸组成

测定了史氏鲟不同部位中17种氨基酸的含量,并对它们的营养价值进行了评价,结果表明,虽然史氏鲟各部位中常见氨基酸种类较为齐全,但不同部位中氨基酸总量和组成差异极其显著,氨基酸总量范围在3.26~105.0 mg.g-1,平均氨基酸含量52.2±36.9 mg.g-1。人体必需氨基酸含量略低于其他主要经济鱼类,但呈味氨基酸百分比介于鲷科鱼类和石首科鱼类之间。除了肌肉外,心脏、食道和鳔等部位中必需氨基酸和营养等级较高,具有综合利用价值。