Embryology of the sheep. II. The alimentary tract and associated glands

The day-by-day development of the alimentary system of the sheep embryo from 14 to 34 days is documented and described. This includes development of the mouth, the pharynx and its derivatives, esophagus, stomach, intestine, cecum, pancreas and liver. This work provides standards within the normal range of development of the ovine alimentary system on which studies of abnormal development can be based.     

The role of the seminal vesicles, coagulating glands and prostate glands on the fertility and fecundity of mice.

Female mice were allowed to mate with males which had been sham-operated (Group 1); had seminal vesicles, coagulating glands and ventral and dorsal prostate glands removed (Group 2); had the seminal vesicles removed (Group 3); had the coagulating glands removed (Group 4) or had the ventral and dorsal prostate gland removed (Group 5). The pregnancy rate was normal in Groups 1 and 4, severely reduced in Groups 2 and 3 and less so in Group 5. Litter size was reduced in Groups 2 and 3 but not in Group 5. It is suggested that the seminal vesicles and possibly the prostate glands are important in the production of young in mice.     

The digital pads of the tree frog, Hyla cinerea. II. The mucous glands

The mucous glands consist of a single row of cells surrounded by smooth muscle. The cells are attached at their apical and basal regions and only cytoplasmic projections loosely link the lateral aspects of adjacent cells. Material accumulates in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, appears to form into dense granules in the Golgi apparatus, and then before being secreted, undergoes chemical and morphological alterations. Since some glands secrete onto the dorsal epidermis of the digits, the mucous is believed to function as a wetting agent for the skin as well as an aid to climbing.     

Pancreatic duct glands. II. Lectin binding affinities of ductular epithelium,ductular glands,and Brunner glands

Summary Secretory epithelia and ductular glands were studied in main pancreatic ducts of guinea pig, rabbit, rat, and man. Brunner glands were studied for comparison. Semithin sections from Epon-embedded tissues were etched with sodium methylate and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins. Columnar cells in the epithelium of pancreatic ducts are endowed with well-developed microvillar borders. These apical regions strongly stain with Lotus A-, wheat germ-, and Ricinus I-lectins. Basolateral plasma membranes bind Ricinus I-, Ulex europaeus I-, and wheat germ-lectins. Cytosomes in the supranuclear regions of epithelial cells are interpreted as secretory granules. These droplets are marked by wheat germ-lectin and to a lesser degree by Ricinus I- and Ulex europaeus I-lectins. Ductular glands of the main pancreatic ducts contain secretions that bind Helix-, wheat germ-, and Ulex europaeus I-lectins. Their apical and basolateral cell membranes deeply stain with wheat germ- and Ulex europaeus I-lectins. Secretions of Brunner glands bind Ricinus I-, Ulex europaeus I-, Helix-, and wheat germ lectins. Their apical and basolateral cell membranes stain with Ricinus I- and wheat germ-lectins.-Species differences in lectin-binding affinities of complex carbohydrates were observed and are described.Part of these results has been presented as a poster during the 4th Symposium on Lectins in Cell Biology and Medicine June 25, 1983, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany     

The histochemistry of the avian parathyroid and ultimobranchial glands. I. Carbohydrates and proteins

Synopsis The non-enzyme histochemistry of the closely related parathyroid and ultimobranchial glands of the domestic fowl has been studied.The parathyroid cells and the ultimobranchial C cells gave only weakly positive reactions in tests for specific amino-acid residues. The rather stronger reactions found in the C cells were probably related to their content of polypeptide secretory granules. Carbohydrate and lipid stains also gave only negative or weakly positive reactions although the parathyroid cells did contain some free lipid.The lining cells of the ultimobranchial vesicles may be either actively secreting or inactive and cystic. Active cells contain large numbers of granules that are composed of large amounts of sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides, moderate amounts of mucoproteins and small amounts of neutral mucopolysaccharides and glycogen. Both the granular and colloidal secretions of these cells appeared to be identical in composition to the intracellular granules. The vesicular lining cells and their secretions showed strong but variable reactions for sulphydryl, disulphide and amino groups.The intermediate cell strands, which connect the ultimobranchial parathyroid foci with the vesicles, showed a range of reactions intermediate between those exhibited by parathyroid and vesicular cells.The results are discussed in relation to the structure and function of the various cell types.     

Histochemical studies on irradiated and obstructive human submandibular glands. Protein distribution and lectin-binding in the degenerative glands.

Immunohistochemical protein distribution of alpha-amylase (Am), lysozyme (Ly), cytokeratinin (CK), S-100 protein (S-100) and secretory component (SC), and lectin-binding (SBA and UEA-I) profiles were studied in 10 obstructive and 20 irradiated human submandibular glands which were surgically extirpated. Degenerative intensity of the glands was graded as I, II and III based on the order of severity. All proteins generally existed in serous acinic cells of the intact glands. The proteins immunoreactivities became weak even in mildly inflamed glands (grade I), and nearly disappeared from the moderately damaged glands (grade II). Duct cells had clear CK and some cells reacted with the anti-SC antibody, but other proteins were not observed on the ducts. Mucous cells possessed none of the proteins, and their lectin-binding was only traceable in some glands. Compared with immunoreactivities in the proteins, lectin-binding profiles were different. SBA and UEA-I bound somewhat similarly to both acinic and duct cells, and the binding was hardly affected even by severe degeneration (grade III). Between obstructive and irradiated glands, no obvious difference was observed in either protein distribution or lectin-binding. From the above, it seems that some proteins are more affective to the degeneration and that lectin-binding sugar residues are non-affective against the degenerative changes of the tissues.     

The cephalic glands of Brazilian reptilia and amphibia. IV. Histology of labial, premaxillary, and Duvernoy's glands in the colubrid snake Oxyrhopus trigeminus

A study of the morphology of the salivary glands of the colubrid snake Oxyrhopus trigeminus showed the following: The acini of supralabial, infralabial, and premaxillary glands are formed by mucous and mucoserous cells; the tubules of Duvernoy's gland are formed by seromucous cells; and mucous cells produce neutral and acid mucosubstances, mucoserous cells secrete neutral and acid mucosubstances and protein, and seromucous cells have neutral mucosubstance and protein secretions.