复合诱变和抗性筛选利迪链菌素高产菌株

为解决利迪链霉菌生产能力低的问题,以Streptomyces lydicus AS 4.2501-P28为出发菌株,应用紫外和吖啶橙诱变,结合抗生素的抗性筛选,得到稳定高产的S. lydicus AS 4.2501-L8,发酵水平达到177.0 μg/mL,较出发菌株提高了96.2%。     

利迪链霉菌K2对灰霉病菌的抑菌效果及抑菌物质鉴定

灰霉病是多种经济作物生产过程以及果蔬储藏运输中常见的病害,链霉菌能产生丰富的次级代谢产物,对灰霉病菌具有较好的抑制效果。【目的】筛选出更高效、功能更多的链霉菌,为针对灰霉病的生防菌剂的研发提供优良菌种。【方法】采用管碟法对菌株K2进行液体培养基的筛选及培养液活性的测定;双皿对峙等2种方法进行产挥发性物质对灰霉病菌的抑菌活性测定;通过16S rRNA基因序列分析进行菌株K2鉴定;高效液相色谱及液相色谱-质谱2种方法对培养液活性成分进行定性验证;顶空固相微萃取-气质联用对菌株K2产生的挥发性物质成分进行检测及鉴定。【结果】菌株K2在液体培养基A中产生的次级代谢物对苹果腐烂病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、核盘菌、杨树溃疡病菌和烟草赤星病菌等多种植物病原真菌均具有较强的抑制作用;K2产生的挥发性物质对灰霉病菌的抑制率达100%,且抑制效果与挥发性物质的量有关;菌株K2与利迪链霉菌(Streptomyces lydicus)亲缘关系非常接近,相似性为99%;培养液活性成分中含有谷氏菌素、丰加霉素和纳他霉素;在挥发性物质成分中发现了烯类、醇类、酯类及烷烃类等30种挥发性物质,其中含量较多的物质分别是2-met...     

产生妥布拉霉素的ER—16突变株的选育

以妥布拉霉素产生菌暗黑链霉菌AS 4.1098(410-Ⅱ)为出发菌株,经高温和亚硝基胍处理,获得6株无色突变株,对其中的W1028-M5用亚硝基胍及甲基磺酸乙酯继续处理,得到突变株E228,再经抗自身代谢终产物妥布拉霉素抗性株的选育,得到ER-16和ER-21等高产菌株。所产抗生素仅含两个组份,即氨甲酰妥布拉霉素和阿普拉霉素。不再含氨甲酰卡那霉素。测定的几项主要理化性质与出发菌株以及文献报道的数据完全一致。     

产生妥布拉霉素的ER-16突变株的选育

以妥布拉霉素产生菌暗黑链霉菌AS 4.1098(410-Ⅱ)为出发菌株,经高温和亚硝基胍处理,获得6株无色突变株,对其中的W1028-M5用亚硝基胍及甲基磺酸乙酯继续处理,得到突变株E228,再经抗自身代谢终产物妥布拉霉素抗性株的选育,得到ER-16和ER-21等高产菌株。所产抗生素仅含两个组份,即氨甲酰妥布拉霉素和阿普拉霉素。不再含氨甲酰卡那霉素。测定的几项主要理化性质与出发菌株以及文献报道的数据完全一致。     

利迪链霉菌A02抗真菌活性产物的分离和结构鉴定

利迪链霉菌A02是从京郊森林土壤中分离筛选出的植物病原真菌高效拮抗菌株。为了明确其抑菌活性的物质基础,利用大孔树脂和硅胶吸附柱层析、HPLC循环制备分离等方法,从菌株A02发酵液中分离获得了纯度达99.845%以上的单一组分活性化合物。经紫外光谱、高分辨质谱、红外光谱和核磁共振谱的测定和解析,确定了该活性化合物的分子量为665,分子式为C33H47NO13,化学结构与四烯大环内酯类抗生素纳他霉素相同。这一结果揭示了利迪链霉菌产生抗真菌天然产物的新功能,并为纳他霉素在植物病害生物防治中的应用开拓了新的途径。     

微波诱变结合化学诱变选育纤维素酶高产菌的研究

以纤维素酶产生菌TP1202为出发菌株,通过微波诱变和硫酸二乙酯、氯化锂诱变剂进行诱变,选育到1株纤维素酶高产菌株AS5。在适宜条件下,其产生的羧甲基纤维素酶活力(CMC),滤纸酶活力(FPA)和棉花糖酶活力分别是出发菌株的107%、152.4%和140.5%。     

L-缬氨酸产生菌的选育及其代谢流分析

以谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)AS1.495(Leu^-)为出发菌株,通过多次亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变,给AS1．495(Leu^-)依次叠加L-AAH^as,2-TA^r,Vd^-的遗传标记,得到突变株AATV341(Leu^-,L-AAH^as,2-TA^r,Vd^-),可在8％的葡萄糖培养基积累L-缬氨酸24．5g／L,比出发菌株提高了5．13倍。同时运用代谢流量分析理论,测定出发菌株AS1．495及其突变株AATV341在L-缬氨酸合成阶段的代谢流量,并初步进行比较和分析,发现遗传标记的引入使流量分配发生了重大变化,流量分配朝着有利于L-缬氨酸合成的方向改变。     

复合诱变选育绿色产色链霉菌抑菌高活性菌株

以一株绿色产色链霉菌xzte06菌株为出发菌株,依次通过软X射线、低能离子束诱变、紫外线照射和微波诱变手段对菌株进行复合诱变,得到一株对产气荚膜梭状芽胞杆菌具有较强抑制活性的菌株W26菌株,且该菌株的遗传特性稳定。对菌株进行抑菌试验发现,该菌株液体深层发酵菌丝体的内酮提取物的抑菌活性与出发菌株相比提高了101.42%。     

亚硝基胍诱变选育林肯霉素高产菌株

以林肯链霉菌９４７－８（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｌｉｎｃｏｌｎｅｎｓｉｓ９４７－８）为出发菌株（产林肯霉素９４０γ／ｍｌ）。采用孢子热处理方法处理出发菌株孢子,得到变异株９４７－８ｓ,产林肯霉素１０８０γ／ｍｌ。对９４７－８ｓ菌株进行ＮＴＧ诱变处理,得变异株９４７－８ｘ,产林肯霉素为１２１８γ／ｍｌ,且生产能力稳定。     

复合诱变选育林肯霉素高产菌株

以林肯链霉菌9502(Streptomyces lincolnensis9502)为出发菌株,进行NTG诱变处理,并用高效的琼脂块培养法对菌株进行筛选,得到产林肯霉素相对效价提高35.4%的变异株9502-7。对9502-7菌株孢子采用紫外线处理,得到变异高产菌株9502-7-12,其相对效价较出发菌株提高50%以上。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.