人参果胶中蛋白质与多糖关系的研究

从人参（Panax ginseng)热水根取物中,分离出两个蛋白多糖级份（PA,PB）,琼脂糖4B凝胶柱层析结果表明,二者均为单一分布峰,通过氨基酸分析,气相色谱分析,β-消去反应,部分酸水解,果胶酶水解,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳及等电聚焦电泳等生化分析,确定PA,PB均含有苏氨酸与多糖中糖残基以－O－糖甙键相连的共价结合蛋白质;另外PB中尚存在另一种形式蛋白质,其中精氨酸等碱性氨基酸丰富（占PB中蛋白质59．9％）,圆盘电泳结果表明：这部分蛋白质与多糖中的半乳糖醛酸残基靠静电力结合,等电点为9．1。     

引种西洋参叶水溶性多糖的研究—中性多糖PN的分离,纯化与结构分析

从引种西洋参中提取的水溶性多糖,经分离纯化得一分子量较小的中性多糖－ＰＮ。ＰＮ的分子量为７．４ｋＤ,主要成份为葡萄糖。经Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－５０凝胶柱层析和电泳方法分析为均一级份。经纤维素酶解。部分酸水解,高碘酸盐氧化和Ｓｍｉｔｈ降解,红外光谱,甲基化,＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ分析表明,其具多枝结构,分子主要链由β－（１－４）连接的葡萄糖构成。分枝点率为２５％,分枝点为０－６,其它残基在侧链上,分枝率为     

利用光谱技术确定银耳多糖中糖醛酸的连接位点与连接方式

为确定银耳酸性杂多糖结构中糖醛酸的连接位点,对银耳多糖进行了部分酸水解,并采用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱纯化,得到银耳寡糖部分。对寡糖PMP衍生化后的MS~n分析表明,该寡糖均为酸性糖,主要含有银耳二糖和少量三糖,结合组成糖、甲基化和NMR结果分析,β-D-葡萄糖醛酸残基作为非还原末端以(1→2)-连接方式与甘露糖相连。     

香菇菌丝体多糖的分离鉴定与免疫功能研究

从香菇（Ｌｅｎｔｉｎｕｓｅｄｏｄｅｓ）菌丝体提取得到的粗多糖,经ＤＥ５２柱层析,得到均一的多糖成分,命名为ＬＥ。其平均分子量为５．０８×１０５,ＬＥ经红外（ＩＲ）和紫外（ＵＶ）光谱分析,为多糖蛋白质复合体,其中糖含量为９４．２％,蛋白质含量为５．８％。完全酸水解表明糖组成为单一的葡萄糖,蛋白质组成主要为Ａｌａ等１６种天然氨基酸。ＬＥ经完全甲基化、酸水解、乙酰化、薄层层析（ＴＬＣ）和［１Ｈ］核磁共振（［１Ｈ］ＮＭＲ）分析,确定其多糖部分的基本结构为１→３连接的葡聚糖,含有部分１→６侧链。此外,用反转录聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）和生物测定法分别研究了健康人外周血单核细胞中白细胞介素２（ＩＬ２）和肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦα）的基因表达和活性,结果发现ＩＬ２和ＴＮＦα的基因表达和活性均高于空白对照组,这表明ＬＥ可诱导某些免疫反应。     

家蚕滞育生物钟蛋白质Ease A4的纯化及其分子结构分析

ＥａｓｅＡ４是家蚕卵的一种滞育生物钟蛋白质．产下后２ｄ的家蚕Ｃ１０８品种滞育性卵,经过丙酮脱脂、８５℃热处理、硫酸铵沉淀和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２５凝胶过滤层析初步分离,进一步经过Ｓｅｐ－ＰａｋＣ１８脱盐浓缩,ＨＰＬＣ（柱为ＹＭＣ－ＰａｃｋＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ－ＲＰ）分离,通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和ＭＡＬＤＩＭＳ方法鉴定,纯化得到ＥａｓｅＡ４蛋白质．从１０ｇ蚕卵最终得到了１１．８μｇＥａｓｅＡ４．ＥａｓｅＡ４由从Ｈｉｓ到Ｔｙｒ的１５５个氨基酸残基构成,蛋白质部分的分子量为１６６０１．其２２位氨基酸残基Ａｓｎ处有一个Ａｓｎ－Ｘ－Ｔｈｒ糖基化场所,并有糖基结合在该部位,糖基的分子量约为７６０．ＥａｓｅＡ４的６１位和１５０位的两个Ｃｙｓ氨基酸残基之间存在二硫键．糖基和二硫键的存在不仅有利于酶蛋白的分离,还可能与酶活性有关     

猴头菌水溶性多糖的分离纯化与结构表征

从猴头菌子实体中分离得到一种新型的水溶性杂多糖HEPF2,分子量大小为1.66′104Da,该多糖由岩藻糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖以1.00:3.69:5.42比例构成,同时也含有微量的3-O-甲基鼠李糖。进一步利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法、糖组成分析、甲基化分析、部分酸水解法和核磁共振法等方法进行结构鉴定,检测结果表明,该杂多糖中包含1→4、1→6结合的葡萄糖和1→6结合的半乳糖残基,连接于主链的侧链残基,包括岩藻糖残基、少数的端基葡萄糖和半乳糖残基。核磁共振法检测结果还表明,1→4结合葡萄糖为β构型,(1→6)结合半乳糖、(1→2,6)结合半乳糖和端基葡萄糖均为α构型。     

灰树花多糖PGF-2的理化性质及化学结构的初步表征

本文利用仪器分析技术对灰树花多糖级分PGF-2的理化性质和化学结构进行了研究。灰树花粗多糖PGF经DEAE—Sephadex A-25柱层析分离得到一种多糖级分为糖蛋白质缀合物PGF-2,其多糖含量95.4%,纸层析及Sephadex G-200凝胶柱层析证实PGF-2为均一多糖;凝胶渗透色谱测定其数均分子量Mn为118 803 Dal,重均分子量Mw为119 612 Dal;经气相色谱分析PGF-2的糖基由葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖组成,摩尔比为1:2.35:1.22;氨基酸分析结果表明PGF-2的蛋白质由16种氨基酸组成。红外光谱与核磁共振谱证实PGF-2主要存在α型糖苷键。由β-消除反应推断PGF-2中多糖与氨基酸的连接方式以-O-Ser连接。     

毛细管电泳非放射分析蛋白质和多肽磷酸化

本文建立了运用毛细管电泳同时非放射分析蛋白质或多肽中的各种Ｏ－磷酸化氨基酸方法。将蛋白或多肽部分水解成自由氨基酸,然后衍生为ＰＴＨ－氨基酸,再用毛细管电泳仪分离分析ＰＴＨ－磷酸化氨基酸。在２５至２５０ｐｍｏｌ／μｌ浓度范围内,３种Ｏ－磷酸化氨基酸的浓度对其衍生物ＵＶ吸光值的线性相关系数均大于０．９９２。方法均在ｆｍｏｌ水平。运用该方法对３个模型磷酸化肽及天然的磷酸化蛋白β－酪蛋白和卵黄高磷蛋白的磷     

菜心叶片中乙醇酸氧化酶的多种组分

乙醇酸氧化酶（EC．1．1．3．1,GO）是光呼吸中的关键酶,过去对其电泳行为和等电点的报告互不一致。Grodzinski和Col－man（1972）将菠菜、烟草等植物部分纯化的GO酶液在pH8．3的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中电泳,活性染色后出现两条活性带,两者对FMN的依赖性有一定差异。Kerr和Groves（1975）对豌豆叶片部分纯化的GO酶液进行等电聚焦电泳,表明其pI值大于9．6.Behrends等（1982）将绿色黄瓜子叶的酶液经聚焦层析,发现GO活性分布在pH8．7附近。但Nishimura等（1983）发现在pH8．9的凝胶中南瓜子叶GO不迁移,而在pH4．5的凝胶中则出现一…     

绒毛石耳多糖UV—2和UV—3的分离纯化及其性质

从绒毛石耳（Ｕｍｂｉｌｉｃａｒｉａ　　ｖｅｌｌｅａ（Ｌ）Ａｃｈ．）提取的水溶性粗多糖,经乙醇分级沉淀和ＤＥＡＥ一纤维素柱层析得到两个组分（ＵＶ－２和ＵＶ－３）,经ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ６Ｂ柱层析和超速离心沉降鉴定为均一组分。通过糖组成分析、高碘酸盐氧化、Ｓｍｉｔｈ降解和甲基化分析证明,它们是带有部分乙酰基团的多分枝结构的杂多糖,ＵＶ－２的主链是由β（１→３）连接的葡萄糖和甘露糖残基构成,ＵＶ－３的主链是由β（１→３）（１→４）连接的葡萄糖残基构成。药理试验结果表明,ＵＶ－２具有增强免疫作用,能够明显促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,提高淋巴细胞的转化率。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.