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1.
The evaluation of pre-grown mycelial pellets in decolorization of textile dyes during repeated batch process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ozfer Yesilada Seval Cing Yildirim Emre Birhanli Elif Apohan Dilek Asma Filiz Kuru 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(1):33-39
This study was undertaken for the possibility of application of pre-grown pellets for biotechnological treatment of dyes and
textile industry waste waters. Mycelial pellets of five different white rot fungi were tested for their dye decolorization
activity. The pellets of Funalia trogii, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor were determined as the most effective ones. The decolorization ability of viable pellets was compared with the decolorization
(adsorption) ability of dead pellets during repeated batch studies. Astrazon Black dye was decolorized effectively, about
90%, by viable pellets of all fungi during the first use. Viable F. trogii pellets were found as the most effective pellets. Upon pellet treatment not only a high decolorization but also reduced toxicity
(antimicrobial activity) of the Astrazon Black dye was recorded. This type of decolorization activity with commercial or crude
laccase was partially observed. Growing cells of F. trogii in batch system showed lower efficiency in color removal of mixed dyes compared to the pre-grown pellets in repeated batch
system. The results in this study showed that mycelial pellets could effectively be used as an alternative to traditional
physicochemical processes. 相似文献
2.
In the laboratory, the white rot fungus Phanerochaete
chrysosporium degrades numerous organic pollutants. Lack of a
slow-release delivery system to toxic waste sites, for this and other fungi,
however, constitutes an important barrier to practical implementation. In
this study, the use of calcium alginate as an encapsulant for mycelia was
investigated; samples were in the form of pellets 1–3 mm in diameter. When
refrigerated, alginate-embedded mycelia of P. chrysosporium were
viable for one year, both with and without nutrient supplementation. At room
temperature, in the absence of nutrient supplementation, viability decreased
sharply within 2 months. Addition of sawdust or corncob grits extended the
viability of alginate-embedded mycelia; nevertheless, after 9 months only
about 20% of the pellets stored at room temperature yielded fungal
growth. Spores of P. chrysosporium, embedded in alginate pellets
together with corncob grits, gave 75% viability after 9 months of
storage at room temperature. Alginate-embedded mycelia were used in Petri
plate toxicity tests with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and gave more rapid and
reproducible results than tests performed with mycelial plugs. These
experiments demonstrated the feasibility of encapsulating P.
chrysosporium in calcium alginate pellets, thus providing a potential
method of delivering white rot fungi to toxic waste sites, as well as for
developing a system of standardized toxicity testing in plate assays.
Received: 10 July 1996 / Accepted: 13 August 1996 相似文献
3.
Synthetic dyes are extensively used in textile dyeing, paper, printing, colour photography, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and other
industries. Among these, azodyes represents the largest and most versatile class of synthetic dyes. As high as 50% of the
dyes are released into the environment during manufacture and usage. Traditional methods of treatment are found to be expensive
and have operational problems. Biological decolourization has been investigated as a method to transform, degrade or mineralize
azo dyes. In the present studies bacteria from soil from dye waste area, dye waste, sewage and dung were subjected to acclimatization
with C.I. Reactive Red 195 an azo dye, in the basal nutrient media. The most promising bacterial isolate was used for further
dye degradation studies. The 16s rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical characteristics revealed the isolated organism as Enterococcus faecalis strain YZ66. The strain showed 99.5% decolourization of the selected dye (Reactive Red 195–50 mg/l) within one and half hour
in static anoxic condition. The optimum pH and temperature for the decolourization was 5.0 and 40°C respectively. The biodegradation
was monitored by UV–Vis, FTIR, TLC and HPLC. The final products were characterized by Gas chromatography and Mass Spectrophotometry.
Toxicity study demonstrated no toxicity of the biodegradation product. The results suggest that the isolated organism E. faecalis strain YZ 66 can be used as a useful tool to treat waste water containing reactive dyes. 相似文献
4.
Phytoalexin Induction as a Factor in the Protection of Capsicum annuum L. Fruits Against Infection by Botrytis cinerea Pers. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Immature Capsicum annuum fruits treated at wound-sites with glucans from the hyphal walls of Glomerella cingulata and incubated for 24 h or longer accumulated levels of capsicannol phytoalexins sufficient to inhibit rot development by Botrytis cinerea. Elicitor application to intact fruits induced the accumulation of relatively low levels of capsicannol compounds but further phytoalexin accumulation in fruits after wound-inoculation with B. cinerea was much more rapid than in untreated fruits and rot development was suppressed. Capsicannol phytoalexins were produced in the live cells of the epidermis and little or no necrosis was associated with quantities produced in intact tissues. Elicitor treatment of intact fruits to protect against rot development by B. cinerea was achieved without the fruits sustaining unsightly damage. 相似文献
5.
Enzyme Activities and Chemical Changes in Wet Olive Cake after Treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus or Eisenia fetida 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the enzyme activities and chemical changes recorded in a recalcitrant phenolic-rich
waste after treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus or Eisenia fetida. The waste used was wet olive cake (alperujo in Spanish), a waste produced in huge amounts by the olive oil industry. Both P. ostreatus and E. fetida were very effective in removing phenolic compounds, the initial concentration in the wet olive cake being reduced in both
cases by around 90%. Laccase and manganese peroxidase activities were measured in the growth medium of P. ostreatus, and catechol 2,3 dioxygenase activity was only detected in the waste treated with Eisenia; these could be the main factors responsible for the oxidation of phenolic compounds. Increases of dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase
activities were detected in the degraded wet olive cake by fungi or earthworms. In comparison with the natural wet olive cake,
the degraded products had lower total organic carbon and humic acid contents but were rich in nitrogen and other nutrients,
having lower C:N ratios. In addition, the toxicity of the wet olive cake against the seeds of Lepidium sativum significantly decreased after degradation. The low toxicity as well as moderate stability and maturity recorded in the wet
olive cake treated with P. ostreatus or E. fetida imply that these products could be used as soil amendments. 相似文献
6.
Five cell lines (one parental, two transformed melanin producing, and two transformed non-melanin producing) were evaluated for the responses to 2- and 4-hydroxyanisole (2HA, 4HA) alone or combined with hyperthermia or radiation. All cells exhibited a non-specific toxic response to the two compounds and the effect was exposure time and concentration dependent and was greater for 4HA compared to 2HA. In addition, the two melanin-producing cell lines were more sensitive, demonstrating specific toxicity to such cell lines. The treatment with either 2HA or 4HA combined with heat and radiation resulted mostly in additive or antagonistic effects, except for one combination of 2HA plus radiation in the melanin-producing R25 cells. Thus, while these compounds may be useful in therapy for pigmented melanomas, combined treatment with radiation is not recommended. 相似文献
7.
Steam classification is a process for treatment of solid waste that allows recovery of volatile organic compounds from the waste via steam condensate and off-gases. A mixed culture of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria was used to degrade the contaminants in the condensate, which contained approx. 60 hydrocarbons, of which 38 were degraded within 4 d. Many of the hydrocarbons, including styrene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, naphthalene, ethylbenzene, m-/p-xylene, chloroform, 1,3-dichloropropene, were completely or nearly completely degraded within one day, while trichloroethylene and 1,2,3-trichloropropane were degraded more slowly. 相似文献
8.
In order to investigate possible synergistic or antagonistic (more or less than additive) toxicity effects, mixtures of chemicals
were tested in water using a microbial bioassay. Ten toxicants (3,4-dichloroaniline, 3,5-dichlorophenol, cadmium, chromium,
copper, Lindane, linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, pentachlorophenol, toluene, zinc) were chosen on the basis of their common
occurrence in industrial effluents within local waste water treatment plants. These toxicants also cover a wide range of modes
of toxic action, namely, polar and non-polar narcosis, membrane disruption, respiratory disruption, uncouplers of oxidative
phosphorylation, biochemical disruption and enzyme inhibition. Efficient screening for possible combination toxicity between
toxicants involved testing the chemicals both singly and in triplet combinations. The triplets were based on four replicates
of a balanced incomplete block design (BIB). A standardised Vibrio fischeri rapid toxicity bioluminescence assay was used. The combinations tested showed that only one mixture was found to be significantly
more toxic than expected from the pure single-toxicant results. Two triplets were significantly less toxic. Further tests
on the more toxic triplet showed that the effect was due to only one of the 45 pairs originally screened. It is concluded
that synergistic effects in combinations of toxicants are rather rare in bioluminescence systems utilising common effluents
discharged to sewer.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
9.
S. Shanmugam T. Palvannan T. Sathish Kumar A. Michael 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2005,21(6-7):1149-1151
Summary The extracellular ligninolytic enzymes of white-rot fungi are thought to catalyse the initial steps during the degradation
of highly complex compounds like lignin or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We studied the ability of Pleurotus florida isolated from the foothills of the Western Ghats, India to decolourize the three dyestuffs, Reactive Green, Yellow and Blue,
which are widely used in the textile industry around Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The crude culture filtrate of Pleurotus florida when incubated with different concentrations of dye decolourized it efficiently on the third day. The highest colour removal
was found in the case of Reactive Blue. However, when Agaricus bisporus extract was supplemented with Pleurotus florida filtrate, the efficiency increased. The dye decolourization was advanced to the second day and the efficiency of dye decolourization
of Reactive Yellow was 89% followed by Reactive Green, which was 45% when a dye concentration of 0.5% was used. Pleurotus florida filtrate alone and in combination with Agaricus bisporus extract reduced the aromatic compounds in textile and paper industry effluents on the first day with >90% efficiency. 相似文献
10.
Yoshimitsu Oda Tetsushi Watanabe Yoshiyasu Terao Haruo Nukaya Keiji Wakabayashi 《Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis》2008,654(1):52-57
Four 2-phenylbenzotriazole (PBTA)-type compounds (PBTA-4, PBTA-6, PBTA-7, and PBTA-8) were identified as major mutagens in blue cotton/rayon-adsorbed substances collected at sites below textile dyeing factories or municipal water treatment plants treating domestic waste and effluents from textile dyeing factories in several rivers in Japan. The main purpose of this study is to understand the basis of the roles of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) and N-acetyltransferases (NATs) in genotoxic activation of PBTA derivatives. We compared the induction of umuC gene expression as a measure of genotoxicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 (parental strain), NM2009 (bacterial O-acetyltransferase-overexpressing strain) established in our laboratories. PBTA-4, PBTA-6, PBTA-7, and PBTA-8 induced the umuC gene expression more strongly in the bacterial O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain than in the parental strain in the presence of rat S9 mix. We determined the activation of PBTA derivatives by cDNA-based recombinant (Trichoplusia ni) systems expressing human or rat cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450 or CYP) and NADPH-P450 reductase using S. typhimurium NM2009. The results showed that human recombinant CYP1A1 enzyme was much more active than CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in the genotoxic activation of PBTA-4, PBTA-6, PBTA-7, and PBTA-8. Similarly, rat recombinant CYP1A1 enzyme catalyzed the activation of these chemicals at high rates. α-Naphthoflavone, a known inhibitor of CYP1A1, was found to inhibit genotoxic activation caused by PBTA derivatives. We further determined the activation of PBTA derivatives using S. typhimurium NM6001 (human NAT1-expressing strain), S. typhimurium NM6002 (human NAT2-expressing strain), and S. typhimurium NM6000 (O-AT-deficient parent strain) in the presence of S9 mix. PBTA-4 showed almost similar sensitivity in the NAT1-expressing strain and the NAT2-expressing strain, although NAT2-expressing strain exhibited relatively higher sensitivity to PBTA-6, PBTA-7, and PBTA-8 than NAT1-expressing strain. The results support the view that O-acetylation by human NAT1 and NAT2 enzymes is involved in the genotoxic activation of PBTA compounds. These results demonstrate for the first time that human P4501A1 and NATs (NAT1 and NAT2) contribute significantly to the activation of PBTA-type compounds to genotoxic metabolites that induce umuC gene expression in S. typhimurium tester strains. 相似文献
11.
Mònica Estrada Clara Navarrete Sønke Møller Alessandra Procentese José L. Martínez 《Microbial biotechnology》2023,16(2):404-417
The dairy industry processes vast amounts of milk and generates high amounts of secondary by-products, which are still rich in nutrients (high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels) but contain high concentrations of salt. The current European legislation only allows disposing of these effluents directly into the waterways with previous treatment, which is laborious and expensive. Therefore, as much as possible, these by-products are reutilized as animal feed material and, if not applicable, used as fertilizers adding phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and other nutrients to the soil. Finding biological alternatives to revalue dairy by-products is of crucial interest in order to improve the utilization of dry dairy matter and reduce the environmental impact of every litre of milk produced. Debaryomyces hansenii is a halotolerant non-conventional yeast with high potential for this purpose. It presents some beneficial traits – capacity to metabolize a variety of sugars, tolerance to high osmotic environments, resistance to extreme temperatures and pHs – that make this yeast a well-suited option to grow using complex feedstock, such as industrial waste, instead of the traditional commercial media. In this work, we study for the first time D. hansenii's ability to grow and produce a recombinant protein (YFP) from dairy saline whey by-products. Cultivations at different scales (1.5, 100 and 500 ml) were performed without neither sterilizing the medium nor using pure water. Our results conclude that D. hansenii is able to perform well and produce YFP in the aforementioned salty substrate. Interestingly, it is able to outcompete other microorganisms present in the waste without altering its cell performance or protein production capacity. 相似文献
12.
The decontamination of effluents from textile industries is problematic due to the fact that textile dyes are resistant to degradation in the environment. Enzymes from white rot fungi, especially laccase, are able to degrade various complex aromatic structures, and are therefore able to decolorize textile dyes. The white‐rot fungi Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were immobilized, separately, on both pine wood chips and palm oil fiber, and cultivated in the temporary immersion RITA® (Récipient à Immersion Temporaire Automatique) System, which was adapted to serve as a fungal bioreactor in a series of four experiments to determine optimal conditions for decolorizing the textile dyes Levafix Blue and Remazol Brilliant Red. The maximum rate of decolorization of both dyes occurred within 24 h of incubation, and laccase was detected in the system. 相似文献
13.
Yunqiang Zhang Jianyu Liu Lu Guan Dongxue Fan Feiruo Xia Andong Wang Ying Bao Yongnan Xu 《化学与生物多样性》2023,20(3):e202200940
Zea mays (Z. mays) is one of the main cereal crops in the world, and it′s by-products have exhibited medicinal properties to explore. This article intends to review the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of by-products of Z. mays (corn silks, roots, bract, stems, bran, and leaves) which support the therapeutic potential in the treatment of different diseases, with emphasis on the natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological developments. Based on this review, 231 natural compounds are presented. Among them, flavonoids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids are the most frequently reported. The by-products of Z. mays possess diuretic effects, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, plant protection activity, and other activities. This article reviewed the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Z. mays for comprehensive quality control and the safety and effectiveness to enhance future application. 相似文献
14.
Abstract The potency of Piper nigrum seed and leaf, Aframomum meleguata seed and Ageratum conyzoides leaf extracts in the control of cassava tuber rot caused by Rhizopus oryzae was investigated. Water, ethanol and petroleum ether were used as extracting solvents. These extracts were fungitoxic both in vitro and in vivo against the test pathogen. P. nigrum seed extracts were the best followed by those of A. meleguata seed, A. conyzoides leaf and then P. nigrum leaf. The extracts were more effective in controlling rot development in unwounded than wounded tubers especially when they were applied before inoculation with the test pathogen. Ethanol extracts gave the highest growth inhibition in vivo followed by water and the petroleum ether extract whereas water extracts showed marked superiority over the extracting solvents in checking rot development in cassava tuber. Water and ethanol extracts of P. nigrum seed and leaf, A. meleguata seed and A. conyzoides leaf could be used as pesticide of plant origin in the control of R. oryzae causing cassava tuber rot in storage. 相似文献
15.
Junji Fukushima Yooichi Kainoh Hiroshi Honda Junji Takabayashi 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2001,99(3):341-346
The ability to learn plant volatiles in Cotesia kariyai females was examined by wind tunnel bioassays. Searching experience on a host-infested corn plant increased subsequent flight responses of females to the infested plant. Females experiencing host by-products together with the volatiles extracted from infested leaves one time showed an increased response. However, such behavioral changes were not observed in females which experienced only the host by-products or the volatiles. Thus, the increased response is considered to be preference learning. Multiple experiences of C. kariyai with host by-products together with the volatiles did not increase their flight response to the volatiles. Furthermore, this learned response gradually decreased within 2 days. These behavioral modifications based on experience would be advantageous for C. kariyai to locate their polyphagous hosts efficiently. 相似文献
16.
A biological control of crown rot disease of banana fruit was analysed using an integrated approach combining hot water treatment and Trichoderma harzianum strain DGA01. Treated fruits were stored at 22–25 °C and 90–95% relative humidity for 2 weeks. The bioefficacy of fungal antagonist in vitro towards crown rot-causing pathogens, namely Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Colletotrichum musae and Fusarium verticillioides, was enhanced by 11.41% following hot water treatment (50 °C, 20 min). DGA01 germinated on the fruit 48 h after inoculation and parasitised the pathogen. Postharvest application showed that hot water treatment and conidial suspension of DGA01 (106 ml?1) applied singly performed significantly better than the untreated control in reducing the incidence of crown rot, but were not as effective as the fungicide. The combination of hot water treatment and DGA01 gave 93% control of fruit decay which was comparable with fungicide treatment of 95%. The quality of fruit was markedly improved in hot water treatment + DGA01 as compared to those dipped in fungicide solution. The inconsistencies of single treatments, by DGA01 or hot water dips, in controlling crown rot such as variation in severity of disease among treatments and within a treatment, were lessened by dipping the fruit in DGA01 conidial suspension following hot water treatment. 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT:?Phenolic effluents are waste products of pulp and paper, coal conversion, dying, textile, and olive oil industries. Such effluents impose coloration and toxicity problems in the receiving waters, causing serious environmental hazards. The pulp and paper mill effluent is highly colored, imparting black/brown color to the water body. The color is mainly due to lignin and its derivatives released during various stages in the paper-making process. The complex nature of such lignin compounds and their phenolic nature make them extremely resistant to microbial degradation. Conventional treatment methods such as aerated lagoons and activated sludge process are ineffective in removing color. However, physical and chemical treatment methods, including ultrafiltration, ion-exchange, and lime precipitation, are expensive and less efficient. Therefore, alternate low-cost biotreatment processes are now being considered, most of which are based on lignin-degrading fungi. Depending on the treatment process, the fungal inoculum for decolorization could be used in the form of mycelium, pellets, or in the immobilized state. The decomposition of lignin is an enzymatic process employing various ligninases being produced by the fungal species. Soluble and immobilized ligninolytic enzymes have also been employed for effluent decolorization. Therefore, the present review is an attempt to compile the scattered information on pulp-paper mill effluent decolorization employing microbes. The structure, distribution, physiology, and enzymology of lignin degradation is also briefly discussed. 相似文献
18.
Ellen Pauwelyn Katrien Vanhouteghem Bart Cottyn Paul
De
Vos Martine Maes Peter Bleyaert Monica Höfte 《Journal of Phytopathology》2011,159(4):298-305
Bacterial midrib rot, caused by Pseudomonas cichorii, has become a serious threat to the production of greenhouse butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) in Belgium. Currently, there are no strategies for controlling this pathogen. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted to obtain more knowledge about the epidemiology of P. cichorii on butterhead lettuce. Greenhouse butterhead lettuce becomes susceptible to lettuce midrib rot infections at head formation, and a single overhead irrigation with water containing 102 CFU/ml P. cichorii was sufficient to cause disease. The use of surface drip irrigation instead of overhead sprinkler irrigation significantly reduced midrib rot incidence in the greenhouse. P. cichorii isolates can be divided into subgroups based on BOX‐PCR genomic fingerprinting, with isolates belonging to subgroup C1 and C2 being more virulent than those of (or related to) subgroup C3. P. cichorii infections with distinct symptoms comparable to midrib rot have also been observed on field‐grown crisphead lettuce in California and Japan which, respectively, are referred to as ‘varnish spot’ or ‘tar’. We showed that symptom expression is strongly influenced by the lettuce cultivar group, irrespective of the P. cichorii isolate, resulting in varnish spot/tar on crisphead lettuce and midrib rot on butterhead or cutting group lettuce. 相似文献
19.
Summary We compared the effects of 9.5 months of a continuous flooding treatment with a drained control treatment on one year-old
seedlings of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and water oak (Quercus nigra L.), two tree species common to the bottomland-hardwood forests of eastern North America. The internal root gas composition
of the more flood tolerant species, green ash, maintained higher oxygen and lower carbon dioxide concentrations under the
flooding treatment than water oak. This apparently resulted in differences in rhizosphere oxidation. The amounts of Fe and
Mn and the Fe/Mn ratio of the root coating extracted from trees in reduced soil conditions were much higher for the green
ash than the water oak. It is argued that this reflects differences in the ability of these two species to maintain rhizosphere
oxidation under prolonged periods of flooding and to prevent the accumulation of reduced potentially phytotoxic compounds.
Alcohol dehydrogenase activity increased in the green ash and decreased in the water oak in the flooded treatment. This indicated
that the better adapted species was able to rely upon increased anaerobic respiration in order to compensate for the decreased
root oxygen supply, but the water oak was unable to maintain previous levels of respiration, probably as the result of sulfide
toxicity. 相似文献
20.
Polyclonal antisera for the immunological detection of Botrytis allii, the cause of onion neck rot, were raised from cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions of the fungus, and from surface plate washings of two isolates of the pathogen. These antisera were used to develop an indirect ELISA for the detection of latent B. allii infection in stored onion bulbs. The antisera did not react with healthy onion tissue and showed only minimal recognition of fungi from other genera. Some cross-reactivity was observed with B. cinerea but not with other Botrytis spp. tested. In many instances following infection, fungal antigen could be detected earlier by ELISA than by direct culture. In tests on bulbs from a commercial store, the level of B. allii infection was found to be 3.3% by both ELISA and direct plating, but this result was achieved 7 days sooner by ELISA. In field tests, the indirect ELISA gave a good indication at harvest of the probable incidence during storage of neck rot in untreated and artificially inoculated plants, whilst culturing gave results consistently lower than the ELISA until bulbs had been in store for several months, when results for ELISA and culturing were the same. Spores applied to growing plants during the growing season led to greater levels of neck rot than did infested seed, indicating that field debris and waste from cold stores may be more important sources of inoculum in some years than seed contamination. 相似文献