广州地区生殖系统念珠菌感染的菌型及其体外药敏分析

目的 了解性传播疾病病人中生殖系统念珠菌感染的菌型及其对临床常用抗真菌药物的敏感性.方法 采用法国梅里埃公司的ATB ID32C酵母菌鉴定反应板鉴定菌种并使用Rosco纸片扩散法进行体外药敏检测,比较不同菌型念珠菌的药敏情况.结果 临床131例生殖系统念珠菌感染者中,白色念珠菌116例(88.55％)、近平滑念珠菌7例(5.34％)、光滑念珠菌5例(3.82％)、季也蒙念珠菌2例(1.53％)、克柔念珠菌1例(0.76％).药敏分析结果:念珠菌属对制霉菌素(96.18％)、酮康唑(90.84％)、氟康唑(70.23％)敏感,而对咪康唑(31.30％)、嗌康唑(31.30％)、伊曲康唑(47.33％)和特比奈酚(7.63％)的中度敏感性和耐药性比较高.结论 生殖系统念珠菌感染以白色念珠菌为主,感染的念珠菌除了对多烯类药物敏感率高外,对唑类抗真菌药有不同程度的交叉耐药,不同菌型其药敏谱存在差异.     

广州地区生殖系统念珠菌感染的菌型及其体外药敏分析

【摘 要】 目的 了解性传播疾病病人中生殖系统念珠菌感染的菌型及其对临床常用抗真菌药物的敏感性。 方法 采用法国梅里埃公司的ATB ID32C酵母菌鉴定反应板鉴定菌种并使用Rosco纸片扩散法进行体外药敏检测,比较不同菌型念珠菌的药敏情况。 结果 临床131例生殖系统念珠菌感染者中,白色念珠菌116例（88.55%）、近平滑念珠菌7例（5.34%）、光滑念珠菌5例（3.82%）、季也蒙念珠菌2例（1.53%）、克柔念珠菌1例（0.76%）。药敏分析结果：念珠菌属对制霉菌素（96.18%）、酮康唑（90.84%）、氟康唑（70.23%）敏感,而对咪康唑（31.30%）、嗌康唑（31.30%）、伊曲康唑（47.33%）和特比奈酚（7.63%）的中度敏感性和耐药性比较高。 结论 生殖系统念珠菌感染以白色念珠菌为主,感染的念珠菌除了对多烯类药物敏感率高外,对唑类抗真菌药有不同程度的交叉耐药,不同菌型其药敏谱存在差异。     

基于实时定量PCR技术的育龄期细菌性阴道病患者 阴道菌群结构分析及其临床应用

摘要：目的 探讨育龄期女性细菌性阴道病（bacterial vaginosis,BV）患者阴道优势菌群变化及其与临床指标的相关性。方法 选择本院门诊确诊的育龄期BV患者35例和同期入院体检的健康体检女性37例,无菌拭子采集阴道中段壁分泌物,提取细菌基因组DNA,采用实时定量PCR技术（real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR）进行阴道优势细菌检测,并进行其与临床指标如阴道pH和Nugent评分相关性分析。结果 乳杆菌属细菌及其种水平的细菌如惰性乳杆菌、卷曲乳杆菌、詹氏乳杆菌等在BV患者中均显著下降,BV相关阴道致病细菌如加德纳菌属、奇异菌属、埃格特菌属、巨型球菌I型菌属、纤毛菌属和普氏菌属显著升高（P<0.05）。阴道致病菌群与阴道pH和Nugent评分呈显著正相关,而阴道卷曲乳杆菌和惰性乳杆菌与其呈负相关。结论 育龄期BV患者阴道优势菌群显著失衡,并与阴道pH和Nugent评分显著相关,提示阴道优势菌群改变参与BV发生发展。     

贵州省某区域女性阴道念珠菌的菌种分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨贵州省某区域女性阴道分泌物标本分离念珠菌的菌种分布特点及耐药性,为临床治疗提供参考。方法收集2018年1月～12月贵州省某区域2055名女性病例,进行阴道分泌物念珠菌的分离培养、鉴定及药敏试验,并对结果进行统计分析。结果共分离并鉴定出非重复念珠菌543株,以白念珠菌分离率居首位,占40.5%,光滑念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌位居第2、3位(35.0%、19.7%);感染患者以26～30年龄段最多见(39.2%),其次为21～25年龄段(25.4%)和31～35年龄段(19.2%),21～40年龄段患者占90.4%。不同念珠菌对抗真菌药物的耐药情况相差较大,未见米卡芬净、制霉菌素和卡泊芬净耐药念珠菌。非白念珠菌对伊曲康唑、氟康唑和酮康唑的耐药率均明显高于白念珠菌(P0.01),对5-氟胞嘧啶的的耐药率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论贵州省该区域女性阴道念珠菌感染以白念珠菌多见,不同念珠菌的耐药情况具有差异,临床应根据不同病原菌耐药特点制定合理的治疗计划。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者继发肺部真菌感染的临床分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者继发肺部真菌感染的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2008年1月到2010年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院收治的COPD继发肺部真菌感染患者病例,并对其耐药情况进行比较。结果本组199例COPD患者检出白色念珠菌137例(68.84%),光滑念珠菌32例(16.08%),热带念珠菌17例(8.54%),克柔念珠菌9例(4.52%),毛霉菌3例(1.51%),清酒假丝酵母菌1例(0.50%);白色念珠菌检出率有下降趋势,热带念珠菌有上升趋势;196例真菌对伏立康唑、氟康唑、两性霉素B、伊曲康唑、氟胞嘧啶的耐药率分别为3.6%、5.1%、1.0%、8.7%和0;2008年至2010年白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌耐药率变化差异无统计学意义。结论 COPD患者继发肺部真菌感染病原菌仍以白色念珠菌为主,其次为光滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌;白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌耐药率无明显改变。     

1135株临床念珠菌分布特征和药敏结果分析

目的探讨本院2012年1月~2014年10月念珠菌感染特点及耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗真菌药物提供病原学依据。方法应用回顾性调查分析的方法,统计本院2012年1月~2014年10月期间送检标本中分离的1 135株念珠菌,并对常用抗真菌药敏试验结果分析。结果 1 135株念珠菌以白念珠菌为主要致病菌,其次为热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌;主要来源于老年人,不同年龄分段念珠菌分布有明显差异(P0.05);男性多于女性,男、女性别间分布有统计学差异(P0.05);以痰标本最多,尿液次之,血液占第3位,不同标本来源分布有明显差异(P0.05);念珠菌感染疾病主要来自消化内科疾病和肺部疾病,不同临床疾病类型间有明显差异(P0.05);不同念珠菌对氟康唑、伏立康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B的药敏敏感程度具有明显统计学差异(P0.05),对氟胞嘧啶药敏敏感程度没有明显差异(P0.05)。结论本院念珠菌感染最常见的为白念珠菌,其次为热带念珠菌。在治疗老年患者和肺部疾病患者,要警惕发生念珠菌等二重感染,一旦发生,要应及时对送检标本进行真菌培养和药敏试验,合理使用抗真菌药物,减少医院感染、多重耐药和深部真菌感染的发生。     

焦性没食子酸联合唑类药物对念珠菌的抑菌作用

目的了解光滑念珠菌临床菌株的药敏情况以及中药单体焦性没食子酸联合唑类药物对念珠菌的抑菌作用。方法收集临床分离的光滑念珠菌116株、白念珠菌49株、热带念珠菌42株、克柔念珠菌4株和近平滑念珠菌13株,采用ATB FUNGUS3药敏试条检测光滑念珠菌的药敏情况;同时采用棋盘肉汤稀释法检测焦性没食子酸联合唑类药物对念珠菌的抑菌情况。结果116株光滑念珠菌中,14.66%(17株)的菌株对氟康唑耐药,22.41%(26株)对伊曲康唑表现为非野生型和81.03%(94株)对伏立康唑表现为非野生型。焦性没食子酸对5种念珠菌的抑菌情况,46.55%光滑念珠菌的MIC值为64μg/mL;34.69%白念珠菌的MIC值为64μg/mL;59.52%热带念珠菌的MIC值为64μg/mL;25%克柔念珠菌的MIC值为128μg/mL;46.15%近平滑念珠菌的MIC值为128μg/mL。唑类药物与焦性没食子酸联合用药时,100%、99.14%、99.14%的光滑念珠菌分别对氟康唑、伊曲康唑和伏立康唑表现为协同作用或相加作用,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而白念珠菌、热带念珠菌、克柔念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌均表现为无关作用和拮抗作用。与单独用药相比,联合用药时81.03%、68.1%、77.59%的光滑念珠菌分别对氟康唑、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑的MIC值降低2~3个浓度梯度,且耐药组与非耐药组之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论光滑念珠菌对唑类药物具有耐药性,伏立康唑非野生型菌株所占比例最高。焦性没食子酸单独用药时,5组念珠菌中对光滑念珠菌的抑菌效果最好,且敏感组比耐药组的抑菌效果更加显著。焦性没食子酸联合唑类药物显著降低了光滑念珠菌唑类药物的MIC值,且耐药组比非耐药组的效果更加显著,为中西医结合治疗临床光滑念珠菌感染提供实验依据。     

临床酵母样真菌的感染特点及耐药性研究

目的了解临床酵母样真菌的感染类型、分布以及耐药情况,为临床诊断治疗提供合理的用药依据.方法采用常规方法进行真菌培养,用科玛嘉显色培养基联合法国生物梅里埃API 20C AUX鉴定条进行鉴定,药敏试验采用微量稀释法.结果864株酵母样真菌中,白色念珠菌619株（71.6%）,其次为热带念珠菌116株（13.4%）和克柔念珠菌47株（5.4%）,非白色念珠菌感染的比例逐年上升（21.5%）.其中,呼吸道标本酵母样真菌检出率最高,达79.7%,其次是消化道为8.8%,泌尿道为4.7%.科室分布依次为干部科、呼吸科、急诊内科、血液科等;白色念珠菌对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶高度敏感,达90%以上,对氟康唑和伊曲康唑的敏感性有所降低.结论酵母样真菌的检出率与患者基础疾病密切相关;对氟康唑等药物的敏感性有下降的趋势,未发现对4种药物同时耐药的菌株,提示在治疗中,药敏监测是非常必要的.     

呼吸机相关性肺炎的痰培养细菌分布和细菌耐药性分析

目的:探讨呼吸机相关性肺炎痰培养的泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的分布情况,分析泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性与危险因素。方法:选择2016年1月到2016年12月在我院进行机械通气的患者3826例作为研究对象,其中发生泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌呼吸机相关性肺炎98例为观察组,同期按照2:1的比例选择非泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌呼吸机相关性肺炎患者49例作为对照组,两组都进行细菌耐药性分析,同时调查患者的临床资料,分析呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染发生的危险因素。结果:观察组对于头孢噻肟、哌拉西林、亚胺培南、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、四环素、头孢他啶都高度耐药;除哌拉西林、多粘菌素外,对照组对抗菌药物的耐药率均明显低于观察组(P0.05)。单因素分析结果显示合并糖尿病、机械通气时间、APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分、深静脉置管等因素与呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染显著相关(P0.05);非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示糖尿病、机械通气时间、APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分导致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染比较常见,对绝大多数抗菌药物有耐药性,糖尿病、机械通气时间、APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分为主要的危险因素。     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸对深部白色念珠菌感染小鼠生存状态的影响

目的观察双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸(BLTA)对深部白色念珠菌感染小鼠生存状态的影响。方法通过尾静脉注射白色念珠菌,建立正常免疫力及免疫力低下小鼠深部白色念珠菌感染模型,观察不同剂量BLTA处理对小鼠体重变化、生存时间以及肾组织真菌负荷量的影响。结果深部白色念珠菌感染小鼠经BLTA处理后,生存状态有所改善,体重下降减慢。对于正常免疫力小鼠,BLTA150组的生存率明显高于未处理组(P0.01);而对于免疫力低下小鼠,BLTA100组和BLTA150组小鼠的生存率明显高于未处理组(P0.01)。无论免疫力正常还是免疫力低下小鼠,BLTA100组和BLTA150组的肾组织白色念珠菌菌落计数与未处理组比较均显著降低(P0.01)。结论 BLTA能够有效地改善深部白色念珠菌感染小鼠的生存状态,而且这种作用与BLTA呈剂量依赖关系。     

多次人工流产后妊娠期阴道病患者致病微生物检测及药敏分析

目的检测多次人工流产后妊娠期阴道病患者的致病微生物,并提出治疗建议。方法选取102例多次人工流产后妊娠期阴道病患者作为研究对象,所有患者均采用无菌棉拭子收集2份阴道分泌物样本,其中1份采用高倍镜检查阴道清洁度和滴虫感染情况,另1份检测病原微生物感染情况,统计病原微生物分布情况并检测常见病原微生物药敏情况。结果阴道清洁度检测显示,清洁度4度者构成比最高,为60.78%,其次为3度,1度者构成比最低。共12例患者存在滴虫感染,构成比为11.76%。人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染12例,感染率为11.76%。支原体感染率、衣原体感染率分别为38.24%、33.33%。92例患者阴道分泌物共检出225株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌占60.44%,以棒状杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌为主;革兰阴性菌占25.78%,以肺炎克雷伯菌、阴道加德纳菌、大肠埃希菌为主;真菌占13.78%,以白假丝酵母、光滑假丝酵母、克柔假丝酵母为主。药敏试验显示,棒状杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、乳杆菌和肠球菌属对青霉素的耐药率均较低,分别为0.00%、0.00%、5.00%、5.88%、6.67%;肺炎克雷伯菌、阴道加德纳菌、大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南的耐药率均较低,分别为4.55%、12.50%、9.09%;白假丝酵母、光滑假丝酵菌、克柔假丝酵母对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶的耐药率均为0.00%,且光滑假丝酵母菌对酮康唑、克霉唑的耐药率也均为0.00%。结论多次人工流产后妊娠期阴道病患者常见的致病微生物有滴虫、支原体、衣原体、细菌、真菌等,需要根据检测结果选择安全、合理的药物进行治疗。     

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病菌种鉴定及药敏分析

目的：探究复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病致病菌的菌种分布及耐药情况,指导临床治疗。方法：收集210例念珠菌性外阴阴道炎患者阴道分泌物标本,其中复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病（RVVC）组76例,外阴阴道念珠菌病（VVC）组134例。运用科玛嘉显色培养基法进行菌种鉴定和药物敏感试验。结果：在210例病例中,RVVC组中白色念珠菌54株（71.05%）,光滑念珠菌15株（19.74%）,热带念珠菌4株（5.26%）,克柔念珠菌2株（2.63%）,近平滑念珠菌1株（1.32%）。非白色念珠菌中以光滑念珠菌为主,在RVVC组中的比例明显高于VVC组,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。药敏试验显示,RVVC的念珠菌株中仅8株对7种药物全部敏感,23株敏感药物〈5种,其中1株仅对制霉菌素敏感;对药物的敏感率为制霉菌素（97.37%）〉克霉唑（60.52%）〉酮康唑（51.32%）〉伊曲康唑（36.84%）〉咪康唑（35.53%）〉氟康唑（23.68%）〉特比奈芬（10.53%）。结论：白色念珠菌仍是RVVC的主要致病菌,非白色念珠菌比例在RVVC组中显著高于VVC组,其中以光滑念珠菌为主。念珠菌对制霉菌素敏感率最高,对唑类药物耐药性有增加趋势。     

Study of acute vulvovaginitis in sexually active adult women, with special reference to candidosis, in patients of the Francisco J. Muñiz Infectious Diseases Hospital

The results of microbiological vaginal secretions samples obtained from 749 women (from July 2001 to July 2002) were studied in the Bacteriology Unit of the Francisco Javier Mu?iz Hospital from Buenos Aires. All patients suffered acute vulvovaginitis were child bearing and sexually active women, 334 of them were HIV-positive. The following are the results of the microbiological studies: Lactobacillus spp 50.6%, Gardnerella vaginalis 25.6%, Candida spp 17.4%, Trichomonas vaginalis 5.3%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 0.3% and B group Streptococcus 0.8%. Candida vaginitis was significantly more frequent in HIV-positive patients, (21.6% vs 14%; p = 0.0086); meanwhile, trichomoniasis was less common although the difference was not statistically significant (3.6 vs 6.7%, p = 0.0810). The following Candida species were isolated in this study: Candida albicans 76.8%, Candida glabrata 15.6%, Candida parapsilosis 2.9%, Candida tropicalis 1.5% and Candida krusei 0.7%. Eight cases (6.2%) of vaginitis were produced by two Candida species (C. albicans and C. glabrata), and in three cases (2.17%) Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated. Five women suffering acute vaginitis with Candida spp presented another etiologic agent of vaginal infection, three cases T. vaginalis and two cases G. vaginalis. The following are some of the most important findings of this study: 1) Half of the patients presented a normal microbial biota; 2) Candida spp vaginitis was significantly more frequent among HIV-positive women; 3) we observed a high incidence of Candida glabrata infections (15.9%), 4) 6.2% of vaginal candidiasis were caused by more than one Candida species and, 5) the susceptibility pattern of C. albicans and C. glabrata isolates against fluconazole was similar to the one observed in other studies. The majority of C. albicans isolates were susceptible to fluconazole (MIC90 = 0.5 microg/ml) meanwhile C. glabrata strains were much less susceptible to this drug (MIC50 and MIC90 = 32 microg/ml).     

生殖道念珠菌病病原真菌的调查及药敏试验

目的了解本地区生殖道念珠菌病病原真菌构成及其体外药敏试验情况。方法采用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基和YBC鉴定卡对患者1164份生殖道标本的致病真菌进行分离和鉴定,并用ROSCO纸片扩散法检测分离菌株对制霉菌素、酮康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、咪康唑和特比萘芬的药敏情况。结果共分离9种295株念珠菌,其中自念珠菌为85．76％,近平滑念珠菌为7．46％,光滑念珠菌为3．39％,其他念珠菌为3．39％。295株念珠菌对制霉菌素、酮康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、咪康唑和特比萘芬的敏感性分别为99．66％、97．29％、89．83％、72．22％、46．44％和36．61％。结论本地区生殖道念珠菌病患者致病菌分布以白念珠菌为主,体外药敏显示制霉菌素、酮康唑和氟康唑有较好的敏感性。     

深部真菌感染临床特点分析

目的了解深部真菌感染患者的性别、年龄、感染部位、住院科室、菌种分布及真菌耐药情况,为临床防治真菌感染提供研究依据。方法收集荆州市中心医院2009年1月至2009年12月微生物实验室分离的真菌446株,采用科马嘉显色琼脂及API220C Aux鉴定系统鉴定,并使用ATMTMFUNGUS3真菌药敏卡进行体外药敏试验。结果临床真菌感染男性占72%,以老年患者为主,大于60岁者占54.9%;感染的真菌主要分布于呼吸内科和ICU,分别占35.5%、24.9%;主要感染部位为呼吸道,占91.3%;主要菌种为白假丝酵母菌、热带念株菌、近平滑假丝酵母菌、光滑念株菌和克柔念株菌,分别占64.2%、13.2%、9.6%、7.6%和5.4%;合并细菌感染的感染真菌100株,占22.2%,细菌中以革兰阴杆性菌为主,占96%;药敏试验结果显示真菌对各抗真菌药具有较好的敏感性。结论临床真菌感染已日益突出,以呼吸科及ICU患者老年男性为主,儿童真菌感染亦不容忽视,感染菌种以白假丝酵母菌和热带念株菌为主,临床应加强对这些真菌感染的预防和监测,防止真菌感染。     

Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance

The incidence of infections caused by Candida species (candidosis) has increased considerably over the past three decades, mainly due to the rise of the AIDS epidemic, an increasingly aged population, higher numbers of immunocompromised patients and the more widespread use of indwelling medical devices. Candida albicans is the main cause of candidosis; however, non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC) species such as Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis are now frequently identified as human pathogens. The apparent increased emergence of these species as human pathogens can be attributed to improved identification methods and also associated with the degree of diseases of the patients, the interventions that they were subjected and the drugs used. Candida pathogenicity is facilitated by a number of virulence factors, most importantly adherence to host surfaces including medical devices, biofilm formation and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes (e.g. proteases, phospholipases and haemolysins). Furthermore, despite extensive research to identify pathogenic factors in fungi, particularly in C. albicans, relatively little is known about NCAC species. This review provides information on the current state of knowledge on the biology, identification, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis.     

住院患者光滑念珠菌检出的回顾性分析

目的调查住院患者光滑念珠菌检出的特征。方法回顾性调查分析白求恩国际和平医院2008年1月～2009年4月住院患者中光滑念珠菌检出阳性者的临床资料,以同期白念珠菌检出患者为对照。结果其间共有52例详细病史资料记录的光滑念珠菌检出患者,以60岁以上老年人为主,占65.4%;主要分离自痰标本,占76.9%。患者患有多种基础疾病,以肺部感染(28例,53.8%)、恶性肿瘤(20例,38.5%)、脑梗死(15例,28.8%)常见。使用抗生素(52例,100%)、留置导尿管(15例,28.8%)是光滑念珠菌检出者的主要实施医疗措施。氟康唑是临床最常用的治疗光滑念珠菌感染药物(23例,44.2%)。光滑念珠菌检出患者死亡率高(14例,26.9%),高于同期白念珠菌检出对照组(6.2%,P=0.004)。结论光滑念珠菌检出患者与白念珠菌检出具有相似的临床流行病学特征。     

Characterization of Candida Species from Different Populations in Taiwan

The opportunistic Candida species existing as part of commensal microbiota in humans are usually the etiological agents causing infections. We investigated whether isolates collected from different age groups, hospital units, and sources have distinct characteristics. A total of 913 isolates comprising 395 Candida albicans, 230 Candida tropicalis, 202 Candida glabrata, 62 Candida parapsilosis, 13 Candida krusei, and 11 of other six species were analyzed. Urine was the most common source (41.2%), followed by sputum (16.3%), blood (15.2%), and others (27.3%). Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis were more prevalent in the working group [from 19 to 65 years], whereas C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were more prevalent in the elder one (≥ 66 years). We found that the age of patients and the source of isolates affect the distribution of species. On the other hand, the drug susceptibility of isolates was associated with fungal species and whether patients were hospitalized.     

小儿下呼吸道感染痰培养标本病原菌构成分析

目的了解小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌的分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药状况。方法对2710例小儿下呼吸道感染患者痰标本进行培养,用VITEK-2Compact微生物鉴定系统鉴定菌种和药敏试验,WHO-NET5．4软件对数据进行分析。结果共分离病原菌675株,革兰阴性杆菌457株,占67．7％,主要为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌;革兰阳性球菌159株,占23．5％,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌;真菌59株,占8．7％,主要为白色假丝酵母菌。结论小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,耐药性较为严重,应不断加强耐药性监测,合理使用抗菌药物。     

The distribution frequency of Candida species in the genitourinary tract among symptomatic individuals in Nigerian cities

A clinical survey was carried out in seven cities in the southern part of Nigeria to determine the relative distribution of genitourinary Candida species in symptomatic patients reporting for diagnosis and treatment. Seven Candida species were identified using the CHROMagar Candida method and the API 20C System. Candida species were represented by Candida glabrata (33.7%), Candida albicans (20.1%), Candida tropicalis (18%), Candida guilliermondii (17.8%) Candida pseudotropicalis (5%), Candida parapsilosis (5%), and C. albicans var.stellatoidea (1.2%). The distribution of these species among the various age groups (15-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40 and 41 plus years) was statistically insignificant. Out of the 517 positive samples, 182 (35%) were found in the age group 26-30 years, while age 41 plus had the lowest frequency (1.2%). The results presented show that C. albicans, usually reported to be the most frequently isolated species, is not the main species in the cities studied. With C. glabrata in preponderance, the finding supports recent studies reporting that several pathogenic non-C. albicans species are now being frequently isolated. The level of social activities, such as drug abuse and sexual promiscuity, may be important in the distribution frequency of Candida species in different age groups and locations.