金枝蛇伤药酒体外抗蛇毒与抗菌的实验研究

目的探讨金枝蛇伤药酒抗5种蛇毒与4种细菌的效果。方法采用鲎试剂试管凝集反应法检测金枝蛇伤药酒对蝰蛇、竹叶青蛇、五步蛇、眼镜蛇、蝮蛇蛇毒的抗毒效果,采用滤纸片法检测金枝蛇伤药酒对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌的抑制效果。结果金枝蛇伤药酒浓度为1.0ml/ml时,可抑制以上5种蛇毒;浓度为0.5ml/ml时,可抑制五步蛇、竹叶青蛇、眼镜蛇蛇毒;浓度为0.3ml/ml时,仅能抑制五步蛇蛇毒;浓度为0.1ml/ml时,无抑制作用。金枝蛇伤药酒对金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌抑制作用较强,对大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌也有一定的抑制作用。结论金枝蛇伤药酒有较好的抗蛇毒与抗菌的作用。     

中型滇丁香抑菌及抗耐药菌株作用的研究

采用平板法 ,对中型滇丁香乙醇浸膏抑菌和抗耐药菌株的活性进行研究 ,发现其对金黄葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌敏感菌株具有抑制或杀菌作用 ;对金黄葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的耐药菌株没有抑菌或杀菌的作用 ;以青霉素为对照 ,发现其对大肠埃希菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌作用比青霉素明显。     

西瓜藤提取物的抑菌作用研究

采用琼脂稀释法研究西瓜藤提取物的体外抑菌作用,用小鼠腹腔注射金黄色葡萄球菌法研究80%醇提物的体内抑菌作用。结果表明:西瓜藤提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,但对链球菌作用不明显。其中80%醇提取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性最好,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为4.2、8.4mg.mL-1。体内实验也表明,乙醇提取物具有较好的抑菌作用。西瓜藤提取物具有抑菌活性,在抑菌方面有一定开发前景。     

冬虫夏草和蛹虫草发酵液抗菌活性研究

研究了冬虫夏草和蛹虫草发酵液的抑菌特性,结果表明:两种虫草的发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、苏云金芽胞杆菌均有较好的抑制作用,且对前两者的抗菌作用强于后两者;热稳定性试验表明发酵液中的抑菌物质具有较强的热稳定性;虫草发酵液与25%糖液和10%盐液协同作用可以增加对参试细菌的抑菌作用;对比试验得出蛹虫草发酵液的抑菌活性较冬虫夏草发酵液的抑菌活性强.     

蛇毒抗菌的比较性研究

目的 研究蛇毒粗毒的抗菌作用,并比较不同蛇毒对不同细菌的抑制效果.方法 采用抑菌环法测定蛇岛蝮、江浙蝮和短尾蝮蛇毒粗毒对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌以及白色念珠菌的抗菌作用,比较不同蛇毒粗毒的抗菌效果;加入过氧化氢酶(catalase),考察蛇毒抗菌作用的变化.结果 (1)3种蛇毒粗毒对5种细菌均呈现不同程度的抑制作用.(2)3种蛇毒粗毒对5种细菌的抑制作用大小依次为:金黄色葡萄球菌＞白色念珠菌＞大肠埃希菌或铜绿假单胞菌＞枯草芽孢杆菌.(3)加入catalase后,蛇毒的抗菌作用明显减弱.结论 (1)3种蛇毒粗毒均具有一定的抗菌作用,并具有明显抑菌选择性.(2)3种蛇毒的抗菌效果不同,蛇岛蝮蛇抗菌作用最强.(3) catalase能显著降低蛇毒的抗菌活性,表明L-氨基酸氧化酶是蛇毒起抗菌作用的主要成分.     

地衣芽胞杆菌对白色念珠菌等的拮抗作用

目的了解地衣芽胞杆菌在试管内与阴道正常菌群共生关系的情况。方法将地衣芽胞杆菌菌液分别与葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌、德氏乳杆菌混合培养,定量计数各菌在不同时间内单独培养和混合培养时各菌的活菌数。结果地衣芽胞杆菌生长不受金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和大肠埃希菌的影响,金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌在有地衣芽胞杆菌存在的情况下,其生长受到明显的抑制（P〈0.05）;乳杆菌在12-48 h内,有显著的抑制地衣芽胞杆菌生长的作用,而乳杆菌的生长不受地衣芽胞杆菌的存在与否而正常生长。结论地衣芽胞杆菌对金黄色葡萄球菌及白色念珠菌在体外具有明显的拮抗作用,地衣芽胞杆菌对大肠埃希菌、乳杆菌无明显的体外拮抗作用。     

拮抗Bacillus subtilis的筛选及发酵条件对拮抗能力的影响

筛选了3株对大肠埃希菌具有拮抗活性的枯草芽胞杆菌,并对这3个菌株的拮抗能力最强的Bf菌株的发酵条件进行了初步研究。先将不同枯草芽胞杆菌菌株与株大肠埃希菌进行拮抗试验,根据抑菌率,筛选出对大肠埃希菌拮抗效果较好的枯草芽胞杆菌Bf。然后,在不同pH值、温度以及不同的培养时间下观察记录Bf对大肠埃希菌的拮抗作用。根据实验结果分析得到:筛选到的枯草芽胞杆菌在pH值为7.0,37℃下培养40 h后抑菌效果最好。     

戴氏虫草抗紫外线及对巨噬细胞吞噬功能影响

采用孔雀绿比色法研究了戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物在体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响,同时采用紫外线辐射的方法测定了其对金黄色葡萄 球菌,大肠埃希氏菌,铜绿假单胞菌,枯草芽胞杆菌抗紫外线辐射的保护效应,其结果表明：戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物在较高浓度下能够抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,但在较低浓度下却能拮抗氧化可的松对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的抑制,对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠埃希氏菌,铜绿假单胞菌,枯草芽胞杆菌抗紫外线辐射具有一定的保护效应。     

渤海湾仿刺参养殖圈内贝莱斯芽胞杆菌B-VE的分离鉴定及其产抗菌脂肽的研究

为分离筛选具有广谱抑菌作用的细菌并研究其抗菌物质,实验利用琼脂扩散法和牛津杯法,以溶壁微球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、大肠埃希菌为指示菌,从渤海湾大连海域仿刺参养殖圈中分离筛选出9株活性菌,2株具有广谱抑菌效果,其中1株抑菌效果最强.通过形态学和分子生物学检测分析,鉴定该菌株为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus ...     

鸡肠源芽胞杆菌的分离、鉴定和抗菌活性

从人工饲养的健康三黄肉鸡的盲肠和大肠中分离出10株芽胞杆菌,对其进行菌落形态观察、革兰染色、芽胞染色和生理生化特性鉴定,确定为枯草芽胞杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、蜡状芽胞杆菌、巨大芽胞杆菌、球形芽胞杆菌、短小芽胞杆菌、凝结芽胞杆菌。同时测定了它们对动物病原性大肠埃希菌和链球菌的抑菌活性。其中有9株芽胞杆菌对大肠埃希菌有抑制作用,8株芽胞杆菌对链球菌有抑制作用。结果表明芽胞杆菌分离株Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5、Y6、Y7、Y8具有作为益生菌开发的潜力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.