双歧杆菌四联活菌片 在首次根除幽门螺杆菌失败胃溃疡患者中的应用

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片在首次根除幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)失败胃溃疡患者中的应用。方法选择2018年1月至2018年11月于我院内科首次根除H.pylori失败的H.pylori感染胃溃疡(Hp-GU)患者84例,随机分为观察组和对照组各42例。两组患者均予以兰索拉唑片(30 mg/次,1次/d)、阿莫西林胶囊(1.0 g/次,2次/d)、克拉霉素片(0.5 g/次,2次/d)和枸橼酸铋钾颗粒(220 mg/次,2次/d)口服治疗,连用2周。2周后继续使用兰索拉唑片30 mg/次,1次/d,再用4周。观察组患者在此基础上加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片1.5 g/次,3次/d,连用6周。观察两组患者治疗前后血清炎症因子[白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平的变化,并比较溃疡愈合情况、H.pylori清除率及不良反应发生率。结果治疗6周后,两组患者血清IL-6和TNF-α水平较治疗前明显下降(均P0.05),且观察组下降程度大于对照组(P0.05);同时观察组患者临床总有效率(95.24%)明显高于对照组(80.95%),H.pylori清除率(90.48%)明显高于对照组(73.81%),不良反应发生率(7.14%)低于对照组(23.81%),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合四联疗法对首次根除H.pylori失败的Hp-GU患者疗效确切,可明显降低血清炎症因子水平,抑制胃黏膜炎症反应,有利于提高溃疡的愈合率和H.pylori清除率,降低患者不良反应发生率。     

中药芪莪合剂联合西药补救治疗H.pylori感染消化道疾病的临床疗效

观察中药芪莪合剂联合西药补救治疗幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)感染上消化道疾病的临床疗效,探讨其临床应用价值。对182例常规抗H.pylori治疗清除失败的上消化道疾病患者,随机分为单用西药组(14 d四联疗法)和中西药联合组(14 d四联疗法+中药芪莪合剂10剂),疗程结束后消化性溃疡患者继服埃索美拉唑14 d,并胃镜观察溃疡及糜烂愈合情况,随访症状缓解及不良反应情况;治疗结束后4周复查~(14)CUBT或~(13)C-UBT,观察H.pylori清除率。结果显示,H.pylori清除率按意向性治疗(ITT)和试验方案(PP)分析在中西药联合组分别为86.8%和89.8%,单用西药组分别为73.6%和78.8%,PP分析两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);中西药联合组溃疡和糜烂治愈率分别为90.0%和80.6%,单用西药组分别为64.3%和48.5%(P0.05);中西药联合组的症状缓解率为97.7%,高于单用西药组(85.7%,P0.05);两组不良反应发生率无统计学差异(10.2%vs 15.3%,P0.05)。结果表明,采用中药芪莪合剂联合西药补救治疗能获得较高的H.pylori清除率,并能有效治愈溃疡和糜烂,缓解临床症状,且副反应发生率低。     

益生菌联合四联疗法对幽门螺杆菌感染补救治疗的疗效分析

目的评价联合应用益生菌在标准四联疗法的不同阶段对幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染补救治疗的疗效。方法采用回顾性研究,收集首次根除失败因病情需要接受H.pylori补救根除治疗的患者共200例,随机分为4个治疗组,所有患者均采用标准四联疗法(每次服用埃索美拉唑钠肠溶片20mg+枸橼酸铋钾220mg+阿莫西林1 000mg+呋喃唑酮100mg)进行治疗。其中A组为单纯四联治疗,不加服金双歧;B组为四联治疗前2周服用金双歧2 000mg/次;C组为标准四联治疗同时服用金双歧2 000mg/次;D组为四联治疗结束后开始加用金双歧2 000mg/次。疗程均为2周,所有患者均随访至少4周,记录其治疗期间发生的不良反应及症状。疗程结束4周后采用13 C尿素呼气试验判断H.pylori是否根除。结果A组、B组、C组和D组患者ITT分析的根除率分别为78.0%(38/50)、80.0%(40/50)、74.0%(37/50)和72.0%(36/50),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.096,P=0.778);4组患者PP分析的根除率分别为81.3%(39/48)、85.1%(40/47)、78.7%(37/47)和78.3%(36/46),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.891,P=0.828)。4组患者7d、14d不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但30d不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论含呋喃唑酮、阿莫西林的标准四联疗法治疗H.pylori感染根除率较高(80%),可作为首次根除治疗失败后的补救治疗方案,在补救治疗的不同时期加用益生菌并不能明显提高根除率,但能降低7d、14d治疗期间的不良反应发生率。     

益生菌提高幽门螺杆菌根除率的随机对照双盲试验

目的了解益生菌制剂(双歧三联杆菌活检胶囊)增加标准四联根除幽门螺旋杆菌(H.pylori)方案的临床疗效及其对根除H.pylori过程的不良反应的改善情况。方法对H.pylori阳性患者采用随机双盲试验,随机分为益生菌组:埃索美拉唑钠肠溶片20mg+果胶铋200mg(2次/d,餐前0.5h)+阿莫西林1 000mg+克拉霉素500mg(2次/d,餐后即服)+益生菌(培菲康,双歧三联杆菌活菌胶囊)420mg(3次/d,与抗生素间隔2h以上);150例患者纳入安慰剂组:标准四联(同上)+安慰剂,各方案疗程均为14d,治疗结束并所用药物停药后4周对患者进行13 C呼气试验(13 C-UBT)检查,了解H.pylori根除率,治疗期间第7、14、30天对患者进行随访观察了解不良反应情况。结果 ITT分析益生菌组H.pylori根除率为85.6%,安慰剂组为75.1%;PP分析益生菌组H.pylori根除率为87.4%,安慰剂组为76.7%;益生菌组较安慰剂组不良反应发生率下降。结论联合应用益生菌制剂可提高H.pylori根除率且对治疗过程中不良反应有明显改善作用。     

益生菌联合标准四联疗法对幽门螺杆菌感染再次治疗的疗效及其对炎症因子的影响

目的 研究布拉酵母菌联合标准四联疗法对幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染患者再次治疗的疗效及其对炎症因子的影响。方法 选取我院124例H.pylori感染患者,按随机分配的方法分为A组和B组,每组62例。A组患者给予阿莫西林胶囊1 000 mg/次,2次/d;呋喃唑酮100 mg/次,2次/d;雷贝拉唑40 mg/次,2次/d;胶体果胶铋干混悬剂150 mg/次,4次/d,疗程14 d。B组患者在A组治疗方案的基础上加用布拉酵母菌250 mg/次,3次/d,疗程14 d。在治疗过程中观察患者的不良反应发生情况。疗程结束完全停药4周后检测两组患者H.pylori根除及症状改善情况。对比治疗前后患者血清白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果 观察组患者H.pylori的根除率、症状改善率和不良反应的发生率与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(χ²=7.322、9.239、10.016,均P<0.05)。治疗后观察组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平较对照组降低(t=9.780、8.495、7.002,均P<0....     

布拉氏酵母菌散剂联合三联疗法对 儿童幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗

目的观察布拉氏酵母菌散剂联合以质子泵抑制剂(PPI)为基础的标准三联疗法对儿童幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的疗效,以探索根除率高且不良反应少的H.pylori根除方案。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究,从确诊为H.pylori感染的患儿中选取120例作为研究对象,再随机分为布拉氏组和标准三联疗法组,每组各60例。标准三联疗法组口服阿莫西林[50mg/(kg·d),饭后分两次服]、克拉霉素[20mg/(kg·d),饭后分两次服]和奥美拉唑[0.7～0.8mg/(kg·d),饭前半小时一次服完]治疗,布拉氏组在标准三联疗法的基础上加服布拉氏酵母菌散剂(250mg/次,2次/d)。两组患者均治疗14d,由患儿家属记录治疗过程中发生不良反应的情况。停药后4周内不再口服任何抗生素,后行14 C呼气试验以评估H.pylori根除情况。比较两组患者根除率及不良反应发生率。结果治疗后三联疗法组H.pylori根除率为76.7%(46/60),布拉氏组为90.0%(54/60),二者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗过程中布拉氏组患者腹泻发生率低于三联疗法组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论布拉酵母联合三联疗法能提高H.pylori的根除率,降低治疗过程中的不良反应。     

标准四联法对幽门螺旋杆菌相关性消化道溃疡的临床研究

目的观察标准四联对幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)相关性消化道溃疡的临床效果和安全性。方法选取我院2013年5月至2014年6月收治的H.pylori相关性消化道溃疡患者160例,按照随机数字法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组80例。观察组采用兰索拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素联合胶体果胶铋的标准四联法治疗;对照组采用兰索拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素标准三联法治疗,对比分析两组临床症状缓解率、溃疡愈合率、H.pylori根除率及不良反应情况。结果两组治疗1周的临床症状缓解率相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.064,P0.05);治疗4周后观察组的临床症状缓解率为96.25%,显著性高于对照组的81.25%(χ2=9.014,P0.05)。观察组溃疡愈合率为88.75%,显著性高于对照组的77.5%(χ2=4.449,P0.05);观察组H.pylori根除率为91.25%,显著性高于对照组的76.25%(χ2=6.613,P0.05)。两组治疗期间均未发现肝肾功能异常及其他严重不良反应;两组不良反应发生率相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.278,P0.05)。结论标准四联对H.pylori相关性消化道溃疡的临床症状缓解率高、H.pylori根除率高、溃疡愈合率高,安全性高,值得临床推广。     

不同质子泵抑制剂对冠脉支架植入术后氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林抗血小板作用的研究

目的:通过比较奥美拉唑和泮托拉唑对冠状动脉支架术(PCI)后患者血小板功能指标和主要不良心血管事件与出血并发症发生情况,探讨不同质子泵抑制剂对PCI后氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林抗血小板作用的影响。方法:60例实施PCI后常规联合抗血小板治疗(氯吡格雷75mg/d+阿司匹林100mg/d)患者随机分为奥美拉唑组(40mg/d,20例),泮托拉唑组(40mg/d,20例)和对照组(20例),连续用药30d。分别在服药前1d及服药15d,30d用血栓弹力图检测ADP途径诱导的血小板抑制率值和比浊法检测ADP途径诱导的血小板最大聚集率(MPAR)。并观察30d各组主要不良心血管事件和出血并发症的发生情况。结果:①奥美拉唑组和泮托拉唑组与对照组相比,服药前1d及服药15d,30d用血栓弹力图检测的血小板抑制率和比浊法检测的血小板最大聚集率(MPAR)均无明显变化;奥美拉唑与泮托拉唑组间比较,差异也无统计学意义。服药15d,30d与服药前1d相比,每组血小板抑制率明显升高,血小板最大聚集率明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但15d和30d相比较,差异无统计学意义。②三组比较心血管事件发生率相近,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);奥美拉唑组和泮托拉唑组比较,心血管事件发生率也无统计学差异(P0.05)。③与对照组比较,奥美拉唑组和泮托拉唑组胃肠道出血发生率均明显减少,有统计学意义(P0.05),但两服药组间比较,出血发生率无明显区别,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林具有增强血小板抑制,降低血小板凝聚的作用,而不同机制质子泵抑制剂奥美拉唑与泮托拉唑对PCI术后氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林抗血小板治疗患者的血小板功能无明显影响,不降低对心血管事件的预防效果,同时明显降低患者胃肠出血事件的发生率。     

阿奇霉素联合莫沙必利对 糖尿病胃轻瘫患者肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨阿奇霉素联合莫沙必利对糖尿病胃轻瘫(DGP)患者肠道菌群的影响。方法选取92例DGP患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各46例。两组患者均予饮食控制、体育运动和药物控制血糖至基本达标等基础治疗。对照组患者采用莫沙必利片治疗,5 mg/次,3次/d,餐前半小时口服,连用6周。观察组患者在对照组基础上加用阿奇霉素肠溶片0.25g/次,1次/d,口服,连用6周。观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群(乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和肠杆菌)数量的变化,并比较评估其疗效及不良反应。结果治疗6周后,观察组患者乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量较治疗前变化不显著,肠球菌和肠杆菌数量较治疗前显著减少(P0.05或P0.01)。对照组患者治疗前后乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和肠杆菌数量均无明显变化(P0.05)。观察组患者临床总有效率高于对照组(95.65%vs 82.61%,χ2=5.11,P0.05)。观察组和对照组患者治疗期间分别出现不良反应3例(6.52%)和5例(10.87%),均为腹泻,症状相对较轻,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.14,P0.05)。结论阿奇霉素联合莫沙必利治疗DGP患者疗效确切,不良反应轻,其作用机制与其能调节肠道菌群紊乱,抑制肠球菌和肠杆菌繁殖密切相关。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊联合美沙拉嗪对 溃疡性结肠炎患者肠道微生态影响

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊联合美沙拉嗪肠溶片对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)患者肠道微生态的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2017年4月我院内科门诊治疗的活动期轻中度UC患者78例,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组均给予口服美沙拉嗪肠溶片1.0 g/次,4次/d。观察组在此基础上加以双歧三联活菌胶囊420 mg/次,3次/d,口服,两组均连用8周。比较两组治疗前后肠道菌群中乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠埃希菌数量的变化和双歧杆菌(B)与大肠埃希菌(E)的比值变化,并评估两组治疗后临床效果。结果治疗前两组乳杆菌、双歧杆菌与大肠埃希菌及B/E比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗8周后,两组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量及B/E比值明显上升(P0.01),大肠埃希菌数量下降(P0.05),但观察组变化幅度更大(P0.05),且总有效率较对照组更高(χ2=4.13,P0.05)。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊联合美沙拉嗪肠溶片可治疗UC,能调节肠道菌群紊乱,重建肠道微生态平衡。     

胃黏膜菌群与幽门螺杆菌的相关性

除幽门螺杆菌之外,胃黏膜内还定居着大量细菌,占主导地位的是厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和梭杆菌门。幽门螺杆菌和胃黏膜菌群之间可通过竞争营养和空间、扰乱抑菌肽的分泌以及改变宿主胃生理环境等直接或间接相互影响。本研究总结了胃内正常菌群的组成特征,分析了胃黏膜菌群与幽门螺杆菌之间的相互关系及其潜在机制,并进一步探讨了胃黏膜菌群对幽门螺杆菌相关胃部疾病的影响,有利于深入理解慢性胃病的发病机制,为疾病预防及治疗提供理论依据。     

A stain for demonstrating Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies

Helicobacter pylori continues to be a significant health care problem. It is associated with a variety of stomach disorders such as gastritis, gastric ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma and B-cell gastric lymphoma. One common method diagnosing an infection by this bacterium is microscopic examination of routine processed gastric or duodenal biopsies. With this type of specimen, it is necessary to demonstrate visually the presence of H. pylori using an appropriate staining technique. This paper presents a simple staining technique for demonstrating H. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens using carbol fuchsin staining against a contrasting background of light green.     

洗胃研究进展

概述洗胃的方法、影响洗胃效果的相关因素及采取的相应措施。应根据患者的具体情况,正确选择洗胃时间及时机、采用合适的体位、洗胃液、胃管、置管途径、适当延长胃管插入长度,以提高洗胃效果,减少并发症的发生。     

The cells of the rat gastric groove and cardia

The distal wall of the groove between the rat forestomach and glandular stomach is lined with a special type of columnar cells (CCGG) and with fibrillovesicular cells (FVC). The cardiac glands contain cardiac mucosa (CMC) and serous cells (CSC). The CCGG contain small mucous granules and special vesicles and tubules. The CMC are filled with large mucous granules and resemble mucous neck cells. The CSC are filled with large proteinaceous granules. The FVC are characterized by long microvilli, apical bundles of microfilaments and a complex "tubulovesicular system". The pattern of 3H-thymidine incorporation and the presence of immature and transitional forms indicate a possible origin of all the cell types concerned from a common undifferentiated precursor. The membranes of the tubulovesicular system of FVC as well as the apical cell membrane were reactive to Thiéry's carbohydrate stain. However, lanthanum tracing of the extracellular space and ultrastructural stereoscopy did not reveal a permanent continuity between both membrane systems. The absence of 3H-thymidine label showed that FVC were not proliferative. The structural characteristics of FVC do not account for a secretory, resorptive or receptive function. The special arrangement of microfilaments and the tubulovesicular system suggests an ability to fast changes in surface area.     

Ghrelin stimulates gastric emptying but is without effect on acid secretion and gastric endocrine cells

Ghrelin, a recently discovered peptide hormone, is produced by endocrine cells in the stomach, the so-called A-like cells. Ghrelin binds to the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor and releases GH. It is claimed to be orexigenic and to control gastric acid secretion and gastric motility. In this study, we examined the effects of ghrelin, des-Gln¹⁴-ghrelin, des-octanoyl ghrelin, ghrelin-18, -10 and -5 (and motilin) on gastric emptying in mice and on gastric acid secretion in chronic fistula rats and pylorus-ligated rats. We also examined whether ghrelin affected the activity of the predominant gastric endocrine cell populations, G cells, ECL cells and D cells. Ghrelin and des-Gln¹⁴-ghrelin stimulated gastric emptying in a dose-dependent manner while des-octanoyl ghrelin and motilin were without effect. The C-terminally truncated ghrelin fragments were effective but much less potent than ghrelin itself. Ghrelin, des-Gln¹⁴-ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin neither stimulated nor inhibited gastric acid secretion, and ghrelin, finally, did not affect secretion from either G cells, ECL cells or D cells.     

胃酸分泌的外周调节

肠神经节后神经纤维支配了胃粘膜壁细胞、ＥＣＬ细胞、Ｇ细胞和Ｄ细胞,某些体液因子也可影响后三种内分泌细胞的分泌功能,它们相互作用最终调节组织胺的释放,从而组织胺、胃泌素、乙酰胆碱、生长抑素共同调节壁细胞的泌酸功能,以控制胃内适当的酸度。这些中调节机制涉及神经、体液、内分泌、旁分泌、自然分泌和神经一一内分泌等的过程。     

Adaptation to low-protein diet increases inhibition of gastric emptying by CCK

Chronic nutritional disorders such as protein malnutrition are associated with delayed gastric emptying and increased postprandial cholecystokinin (CCK) levels. This study investigated the mechanisms involved in gastric emptying adaptation to low-protein diet. Two groups of 12 rats were adapted to a low-protein (LPD) or standard diet (SD) for 3 weeks. As compared to rats fed a SD, in rats adapted to a LPD gastric emptying was delayed, whereas postprandial CCK levels were increased. LPD enhanced antral muscle contractile response to CCK and cerulein without altering response to acetylcholine. This increased contractility was associated with up-regulation of CCK-A receptor mRNA levels in antral muscle. Our data suggest that modulation of gastric emptying after adaptation to a low-protein diet involves up-regulation of both CCK-A receptors and CCK-induced contraction of antral smooth muscle.     

Effects of ghrelin on gastric distention sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus and gastric motility in diabetic rats

This study was performed to observe the effects of ghrelin on the activity of gastric distention (GD) sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (Arc) and on gastric motility in vivo in streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. Electrophysiological results showed that ghrelin could excite GD-excitatory (GD-E) neurons and inhibit GD-inhibitory (GD-I) neurons in the Arc. However, fewer GD-E neurons were excited by ghrelin and the excitatory effect of ghrelin on GD-E neurons was much weaker in DM rats. Gastric motility research in vivo showed that microinjection of ghrelin into the Arc could significantly promote gastric motility and it showed a dose-dependent manner. The effect of ghrelin promoting gastric motility in DM rats was weaker than that in normal rats. The effects induced by ghrelin could be blocked by growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) antagonist [d-Lys-3]-GHRP-6 or BIM28163. RIA and real-time PCR data showed that the levels of ghrelin in the plasma, stomach and ghrelin mRNA in the Arc increased at first but decreased later and the expression of GHSR-1a mRNA in the Arc maintained a low level in DM rats. The present findings indicate that ghrelin could regulate the activity of GD sensitive neurons and gastric motility via ghrelin receptors in the Arc. The reduced effects of promoting gastric motility induced by ghrelin could be connected with the decreased expression of ghrelin receptors in the Arc in diabetes. Our data provide new experimental evidence for the role of ghrelin in gastric motility disorder in diabetes.     

Co-localization of TFF2 with gland mucous cell mucin in gastric mucous cells and in extracellular mucous gel adherent to normal and damaged gastric mucosa

Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) is mucin associated peptide that has a mucosal barrier function in addition to participating in repair and healing. We examined the localization of TFF2 and gastric mucins in gastric mucous cells, the surface mucous gel layer (SMGL) adherent to normal gastric mucosa, and in the mucoid cap covering gastric erosions. Carnoy’s solution, or formalin/picric acid-fixed paraffin embedded materials from resected stomachs and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded gastric biopsy materials were used. Sections were immunostained for the TFF2 and histochemically stained for gastric mucins. In addition, thick sectioned gastric mucosa fixed in Carnoy’s solution were stained with FITC-labeled GSA-II lectin specific for gland mucous cell mucin and examined for three-dimensional images of the SMGL using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The TFF2 and gland mucous cell mucin were found intermixed together in the gastric gland mucous cells, in the SMGL in laminated layers, and in the mucoid cap. A laminated arrangement of continuous sheets of gland mucous cell mucin in the SMGL was demonstrated in the three-dimensional images. Co-localization of the TFF2 with gland mucous cell mucin suggests a physical interaction between the TFF2 and gland mucous cell mucin. The TFF2 trapped in the adherent mucins may be responsible for mucosal defense, healing, and repair.