益生菌联合抗生素对抗生素相关性腹泻新生儿肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨酪酸梭菌二联活菌散剂联合头孢唑肟钠对抗生素相关性腹泻新生儿肠道菌群的影响。方法选取2017年1月至2019年12月期间我院收治的80例抗生素相关性腹泻新生儿为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组(n=40)与观察组(n=40)。对照组患儿采用头孢唑肟钠治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合酪酸梭菌二联活菌散剂治疗,治疗72 h后比较两组患儿治疗效果及肠道菌群数量。结果治疗72 h后,观察组患儿肠鸣音恢复时间、腹痛缓解时间、腹泻消失时间、腹胀消失时间及住院时间均短于对照组(t=7.873、6.807、5.096、4.977、4.794,均P0.001),临床有效率高于对照组(95.00%vs 82.50%,χ~2=4.486,P=0.034)。治疗72 h后,观察组患儿肠道大肠埃希菌数量低于对照组(t=3.924,P0.001),而乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均高于对照组(t=2.169、3.016,P=0.033、0.003)。结论酪酸梭菌二联活菌散剂联合头孢唑肟钠可通过改善肠道菌群数量发挥治疗新生儿抗生素相关性腹泻的效果。     

益生菌对儿童重症肺炎合并腹泻的疗效

目的 观察益生菌对儿童重症肺炎合并腹泻的临床疗效,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法 选取2018年8月至2020年8月武清区人民医院收治的120例重症肺炎合并腹泻患儿为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各60例。所有患儿均给予抗感染、对症支持等肺炎标准治疗,观察组患儿在对照组治疗的基础上加用益生菌,比较两组患儿腹泻持续时间、住院时间、治疗效果以及炎症因子的变化情况。结果 观察组患儿治疗后腹泻持续时间及平均住院时间分别为（3.23±1.18）d、（10.33±2.86）d,均显著低于对照组的（6.57±1.13）d、（14.17±2.61）d。观察组、对照组患儿的治疗有效率分别为95.00%、75.00%,其中观察组显著高于对照组（χ2=7.908,P=0.005）。治疗前两组患儿白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。治疗72 h后两组患儿IL-6和TNF-α水平均有明显改善,其中观察组IL-6[(18.93±4.15)ng/L]、TNF-α[(29.19±4.10)ng/L]水平均显著低于对照组[（33.02±6....     

抗生素相关性腹泻患儿肠道菌群变化与血清细胞因子的关系

目的研究抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)患儿肠道菌群变化与血清细胞因子的相关性及其临床意义。方法选择2018年5月至2019年5月在我院儿科住院且使用过抗生素治疗的儿童,根据是否发生AAD分为AAD组和非AAD组。另取同期进行体检的健康儿童作为对照组。检测各组对象粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌和肠杆菌的数量,血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)的含量,并采用Logistics回归分析AAD的相关因素。结果 AAD组儿童粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量低于非AAD组及对照组,而粪便中肠球菌、肠杆菌的数量及血清中TNF-α、IL-6的水平高于非AAD组及对照组(均P0.05)。Logistics回归分析显示,抗生素使用时间≥5 d、联用抗生素、TNF-α及IL-6增多、双歧杆菌及乳杆菌减少是AAD发生的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论肠道菌群紊乱与AAD的发病有关并且能够增加患者炎症因子的释放,其中益生菌的减少是AAD发生的主要独立危险因素。     

贝飞达治疗小儿迁延性腹泻的临床研究

目的评价贝飞达治疗小儿迁延性腹泻的临床疗效,为合理应用贝飞达治疗小儿迁延性腹泻提供科学依据。方法选取60例1个月～2岁的迁延性腹泻患儿为研究对象,把他们随机分为贝飞达组和常规组。另30例1个月-2岁的健康儿作为对照组;3组均进行治疗前后粪便中的4种常驻的正常菌群的测定和60例迁廷性腹泻患儿疗效、住院时间及费用的观察。结果贝飞达组总有效率明显高于常规组,且住院时间及费用也明显减少。治疗前60例迁延性腹泻患儿的粪便菌群中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌明显减少,肠球菌、肠杆菌增加,与健康同龄儿比t〈0．05,治疗后贝飞达组粪便菌群中的4种菌群数比常规组增加明显结论贝飞达具有调整肠道菌群失调的作用,从而提高疗效。     

益生菌制剂对轮状病毒性肠炎患儿肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响

目的观察益生菌制剂辅助治疗儿童轮状病毒性肠炎的临床疗效及对患儿肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响。方法以160例轮状病毒性肠炎患儿为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=80)和研究组(n=80)。对照组患儿给予消旋卡多曲颗粒联合蒙脱石散治疗,研究组患儿在此基础上联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗。观察患儿治疗期间药物不良反应,患儿腹泻停止时间、发热消退时间和呕吐停止时间。分别于治疗前后检测患儿血清免疫球蛋白水平和肠道菌群状况,评价患儿治疗效果。结果研究组患儿腹泻停止时间[(2.41±0.70)d]、发热消退时间[(1.71±0.52)d]和呕吐停止时间[(2.09±0.62)d]均显著短于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患儿轮状病毒性肠炎总体治疗有效率显著高于对照组(95.00% vs 83.75%,χ²=5.331,P=0.021)。研究组患儿治疗后血清IgG和IgM水平[(5.83±0.59)g/L和(1.07±0.16)g/L]显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患儿治疗后肠道菌群正常者比例显著高于对照组(92.50% vs 76.25%,χ²=8.012,P=0.005)。两组患儿恶心、便秘、皮疹和嗜睡等药物不良反应总体发生率差异无统计学意义(10.00% vs 8.75%,χ²=0.074,P=0.786)。结论益生菌制剂可有效缩短轮状病毒性肠炎患儿临床症状改善周期,提高疗效,改善患儿免疫功能,纠正肠道菌群失调状况,且不增加药物不良反应,值得临床推广使用。     

酪酸梭菌二联活菌散防治婴幼儿肺炎继发腹泻116例疗效观察

目的 了解微生态制剂(酪酸梭菌二联活菌散)防治婴幼儿肺炎继发腹泻的疗效.方法 选取2008年1月至2010年12月收住清徐县第二人民医院呼吸科诊断为支气管肺炎继发腹泻的患儿共116例,随机分为2组,以住院期间抗生素治疗同时应用微生态制剂(酪酸梭菌二联活菌散)的患儿为治疗组60例,仅使用抗生素治疗的患儿为对照组56例,分别观察腹泻次数、大便性状、腹痛、止泻时间及大便镜检与大便培养正常时间及治疗有效率.结果 微生态制剂(酪酸梭菌二联活菌散剂)治疗组腹泻次数减少时间、大便性状变稠时间、腹泻停止时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.05),腹痛消失时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.01),治疗组临床症状消失时间明显比对照组短;治疗组大便镜检恢复正常时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.05),大便细菌培养恢复正常时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.01),2组患儿治疗效果比较,治疗组有效率为91.67％,对照组有效率为76.79％,经卡方检验x2=4.89,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义,治疗组有效率明显高于对照组.结论 酪酸梭菌二联活菌散剂防治婴幼儿肺炎继发腹泻,能使腹泻时间缩短、疗效明显、方法简便,经济,易于患儿及父母接受.     

无菌动物在奶牛乳房炎发病机理研究中的应用

乳房炎是奶牛养殖场中的高发病,经抗生素治愈后极易复发。疾病的反复发作导致奶牛的产奶量持续下降,乳头坏死,进而被淘汰。乳房炎也是哺乳期妇女常患的疾病,传统的抗生素治疗损伤新生儿的神经系统。在乳房炎的治疗方法中,抗生素因其大量的负面作用使得其已不适合在乳房炎治疗中滥用,应加快开发新的且有效的抗生素替代物用以治疗或预防乳房炎。益生菌在多种疾病的预防与治疗中都有成功的应用实例。因此,益生菌在乳房炎的治疗与预防中是否真的有效是一个有趣的研究方向。益生菌主要于宿主的肠道中发挥其关键作用,因此肠道菌群与乳房炎发病是否有关联,是益生菌能否应用于乳房炎的治疗中需要解答的首个问题。通过菌群移植,对哺乳期小鼠的乳腺组织以及身体其他各项免疫指标进行监控,探究移植健康奶牛粪便小鼠组与移植乳房炎奶牛粪便小鼠组以及移植乳房炎奶牛粪便同时进行益生菌干预组小鼠的乳腺组织是否发生炎症以及炎症程度如何。奶牛肠道菌群移植入无菌小鼠之后,这种菌群结构与功能之上的差异同时被放大形成鲜明的对比。表明健康的肠道菌群结构对于保持奶牛的健康状态有直接的影响,益生菌可调节奶牛的肠道菌群,对于维持奶牛健康,预防和缓解乳房炎有不可忽视的潜能。     

匹多莫德联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的临床疗效及对免疫功能与肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨匹多莫德联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)的临床疗效及对免疫功能与肠道菌群的影响。方法选择74例抗生素相关性腹泻患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患儿均予以常规治疗,包括:抗炎、止泻、营养支持等,并予以酪酸梭酸活菌散0.5g,2次/d,疗程2周,观察组在此治疗的基础上加用匹多莫德口服液,400mg/次,2次/d,疗程2周。观察两组患儿治疗效果及不良反应发生情况,同时在治疗前后检测患儿粪便的球/杆菌比例、sIgA含量及免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM,T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+数值。比较不同治疗方案对患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响。结果治疗2周后,两组患儿的球/杆菌比例均较治疗前下降(t=4.27、2.15,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组降低幅度明显大于对照组(t=3.26,P0.01);治疗2周后,两组患儿粪便sIgA含量均较治疗前升高(t=3.88,2.32,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组升高幅度大于对照组(t=2.45,P0.05);治疗2周后,两组患儿免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM及T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+数值均较治疗前升高(t=5.79、2.50、4.99、2.38,2.03、2.14、2.25、2.19,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组升高的幅度大于对照组(t=2.2762、2.1872、3.1890、2.3018,P0.05或P0.01),而CD8+数值均较治疗前降低(t=5.98、2.39,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组降低的幅度大于对照组(t=2.15,P0.05);观察组治疗有效率明显优于对照组(χ2=5.64,P0.05);两组患儿治疗后均未发生药物不良反应。结论匹多莫德联合酪酸梭酸活菌散治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻能够有效的改善儿童的肠道菌群和免疫功能,提高治疗效果,安全性佳。     

婴幼儿肺炎患儿肠道微生态平衡的临床研究

目的：探讨婴幼儿肺炎患儿肠道微生态平衡的变化规律及其影响因素。方法：将年龄1月～3岁的肺炎患儿132例为观察组,常规抗生素治疗,同期同年龄组住院的非感染性疾病患儿共68例作为对照组。结果：观察组患儿肠道微生态失调发病率明显升高,且与发病年龄,抗生素应用种类及时间有关,对微生态失调的肺炎患儿分为丽珠肠乐治疗组与对照组,治疗组消化道患症状消失时间及肺炎治愈时间明显缩短。结论：抗生素使肺炎患儿肠道微生态平衡失调,丽珠肠乐具有维护肠道维生态平衡的作用。     

肺炎3号联合金银花治疗儿童肺炎对患儿呼吸功能和炎症反应水平影响

摘要 目的：探讨肺炎3号联合金银花治疗儿童肺炎对患儿呼吸功能和炎症反应水平影响。方法：选取我院2017年2月-2019年4月期间收治的80例肺炎患儿,随机分成对照组和观察组,每组40例,对照组患儿采取阿奇霉素治疗,观察组患儿采取肺炎3号联合金银花治疗,对比不同治疗方法对患儿呼吸功能和炎症反应水平影响。结果：两组患儿治疗前用力肺活量（forced vital capacity,FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（orced expiratory volume in 1 second,FEV₁）、用力呼气峰流速(expiratory peak flow rate,PEF)对比无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后,观察组患儿上述肺功能指标均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗前患儿血清肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白介素（interleukin,IL）-6、IL-10对比无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后,观察组患儿TNF-α、IL-6均明显低于对照组,且观察组IL-10明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。患儿啰音消失时间、止咳时间、气促消失时间、热退时间以及住院时间对比发现对照组明显长于观察组（P＜0.05）。在治疗总效率方面,观察组明显更高（P＜0.05）。结论：儿童肺炎采取肺炎3号联合金银花治疗效果确切,可明显改善患儿呼吸功能,抑制机体炎性细胞因子,有效改善患儿临床症状,具有一定临床意义。     

Actin associated with plasmodesmata

Summary We have used several methods to localise actin associated with plasmodesmata. In meristematic plant material fixed in 0.1% glutaraldehyde/1% paraformaldehyde and embedded in LR White resin, actin was localised (in TEM using 5 nm gold-labelled secondary antibody to C₄ anti-actin primary antibody) in the neck region by the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, and also down the length of the plasmodesma, deep in the cell wall. When the chemical fixation was replaced by rapid freezing in liquid propane (without cryoprotectants) and substitution in acetone, the plasmodesmata were labelled in similar positions, but with less background label on sections. While only 8–20% of plasmodesmata were labelled, the label was 10 to 100 fold denser over plasmodesmata than over the surrounding wall indicating specific association with plasmodesmata. We presume the apparent extracellular location of some label was due to the size of the antibodies between the site of attachment and the observed position of the gold particle. Gold label was found in similar locations in material fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde, infiltrated with sucrose, frozen, sectioned (10–12 m thick), then labelled with antibodies before resin embedding. Furthermore, cell walls in epidermal peels stained with rhodamine-phalloidin showed localised patches of fluorescence, presumably at the site of plasmodesmata (or primary pit-fields), which were connected on either side to fluorescent strands of actin in the cytoplasm. Suspension cultured cells ofNicotiana plumbaginifolia similarly stained showed very faint, narrow fluorescent strands crossing the walls of sister cells, which may indicate actin associated with individual plasmodesmata, shown in TEM to be sparsely distributed in these walls. In addition, the neck regions of cytochalasin-treated plasmodesmata were greatly enlarged and lacked the normal extracellular ring of particles. We propose that actin associated with plasmodesmata stabilizes the neck region and possibly also the cytoplasmic sleeve, and may be actively involved in regulating cell-to-cell transport.Abbreviations BSA bovine serum albumin - EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - EGTA ethyleneglycol bis-(-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid - PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - PBS phosphate buffered saline - Pipes piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethanesulphonic acid) - Mes 2(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid - SDS sodium dodecyl sulphate - Tris tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane     

Yeasts associated with Manteca

Manteca is a traditional milk product of southern Italy produced from whey deriving from Caciocavallo Podolico cheese-making. This study was undertaken to obtain more information about the microbiological properties of this product and particularly about the presence, metabolic activities, and technological significance of the different yeast species naturally occurring in Manteca. High numbers of yeasts were counted after 7 days ripening (10(4)-10(5) cfu g(-1)) and then decreased to 10(2) at the end. A total of 179 isolates were identified and studied for their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The most frequently encountered species were Trichosporon asahii (45), Candida parapsilosis (33), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (32), Candida inconspicua (29). Some of these yeasts showed lipolytic activity (32 strains) and proteolytic activity (29 strains), NaCl resistance up to 10% and growth up to 45 degrees C (42 strains). Biogenic amines were formed by proteolytic strains, in particular phenylethylamine, putrescine and spermidine. Spermidine was produced by all the yeasts tested in this work, but only Trichosporon produced a great quantity of this compound. Histamine was not detectable. Caseinolytic activity was common to almost all strains, corresponding to the ability to efficiently split off amino-terminal amino acids. The highest and most constant activity expressed by all species was X-prolyl-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase. The findings suggest that the presence of yeasts may play a significant role in justifying interactions with lactic acid bacteria, and consequently with their metabolic activity in the definition of the peculiar characteristics of Manteca cheese.     

Prototheca associated with banana

Prototheca stagnora was found to be a habitant of older harvested banana (Musa sapientum) and plantain (M. paradisiaca) stumps while P. wickerhamii colonized fresh Musa sp. stumps and flower bract water of Heliconia sp. While Prototheca sp. were known to habituate woody plants, this is the first evidence that herbaceous plants also serve as habitats.