山西和顺当城旧石器时代洞穴遗址群初步研究

山西和顺当城旧石器时代洞穴遗址群出土了三千余件石制品,23种哺乳动物化石,两块人类顶骨。根据动物化石及^14C同位素年代测定;时代为晚更新世或旧石器时代晚期,该遗址群的发现,对于研究华北地区古人类及各旧石器文化间的关系,提供了新材料。     

辽宁营口金牛山人化石头骨的复原及其主要性状

本文叙述了辽宁营口金牛山人化石头骨的保存情况、复原过程及其主要性状。从头骨壁之薄、脑量之大、以及其他的形态特征,认为它属于早期智人类型而不是猿人,对它的年代为距今28万年的报道,提出了疑问。     

Stratigraphy and geologic history of a southeastern salt marsh basin,North Inlet,South Carolina,USA

Forty seven vibracores and fifteen radiocarbon dates have beenobtained to outline the Holocene history of the North Inlet saltmarsh basin. Marsh deposits date from about 3500 years BP and havetransgressed over a Late Pleistocene beach-ridge terrain that waspartly eroded by Late Holocene tidal channel meandering. Marsh mudalso has prograded southward over shallow subtidal estuarine Macomamuds which date from about 4500 years BP and which are stillaccumulating in adjacent Winyah Bay. The southward migration of themarsh environment probably is due to the southward migration ofboth North Inlet and the mouth of Winyah Bay. The stratigraphy ofthe North Inlet basin offers no evidence for Late Holocene sea-level oscillations.Application of this model of marsh history to the study long-term ecosystem succession driven by slowly rising sea level isdiscussed.     

记山东曲阜中始新世晚期─雷兽新属种

描述了产自山东曲阜黄庄动物群-雷兽新材料：周氏曲阜雷兽（新属、新种）Qufutitanzhouigen．etspnov。该材料是山东省内首次确定的需兽属种报道,它与Metatelmatherium属相似但较之进步,是已知后沼雷兽亚科（Metatelmatheriinae）在沙拉木仑期的唯一代表,与中国沙拉木仑期特有的鼻雷兽属（Rhinotitan）差别较大。     

NEW MATERIALS OF DINOCROCUTA GIGANTEA FOUND IN FUGU COUNTY, SHAANXI PROVINCE

Theskullisverybigandrobust,exceptionallyshortandwidthinproperty.Theroofascendslikeaflightofsteps.Occipitalistriangleinformandupperborderextendsposteriorly,projectedovertheoccipital.Theanteriorpartofupperpremolariswiderthanthatofposteriorone.TheprotoconeofP4isverysmall.LengthofM,islongerthanthatofP4.ItslimbswerediscoveredforfirsttimeinChina.Itisshownafterstudyingthatitsskullisexceptionallyrobustbutitslimbsdonotindicateanyrobust.ComparedwiththeHyaenasinensis,theskullofDinocrocutagiganteaisl.…     

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE SKULL OF DALL'S PORPOISE, PHOCOENOIDES DALLI

Abstract: Two hundred and eighty-nine skulls of Dall's porpoises from the North Pacific Ocean, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and Bering Sea were investigated morphometrically. A clear pattern of geographic variation was found in overall size of the skull. In the North Pacific, overall skull size became gradually smaller eastward from the coast of Japan to the offshore eastern Pacific, and it became larger again off the coast of California. Specimens from the Sea of Japan-Okhotsk and Bering Sea had larger skulls than those from the central North Pacific. The distribution of primary productivity corresponds well with this pattern of geographic variation, suggesting that quantity of food might affect the overall size of Dall's porpoise skulls. By canonical discriminant analyses, about 70% (male) and 90% (female) of specimens of the Sea of Japan-Okhotsk population were distinguished from those of other populations. This agrees with the results of genetic studies.     

美国内布拉斯加州中新统的美獾化石一新种(英文)

记述了采自美国内布拉斯加州中新统的一保存较完整的美獾（Ｌｅｐｔａｒｃｔｕｓ）头骨化石。与美獾属的其他已知种相比,该标本的颊齿粗壮,Ｐ４臼齿化,近方形,宽略大于长,齿尖磨蚀均匀,Ｉ３犬齿化,且向大齿方向弯曲;Ｍ１宽略大于长,且比已知种的Ｍ１大;听泡具钩状突,突起上有一明显的舌骨关节面。依据上述与已知种的差别,我们将其定为一新种Ｌｅｐｔａｒｃｔｕｓｍａｒｔｉｎｉｓｐ ｎｏｖ。新种的牙齿形态及齿尖磨蚀状况显示其为杂食动物。     

RESTUDY OF SHANTUNGOSUCHUS BRACHYCEPHALUS YOUNG, 1982

ThreespecieshavebeenreferredtoShantungosuchustodate.ThetypespeciesS.chuhsienensis(Young,1961)isrepresentedbyanarticulatedskeletonpreservedasanimpressionofitsventralsurface.S.hangjinensiswasrecentlydescribedbyWuetal.(1994)onthebasisofanincompleteskull(withthemandible)andthepartofthepostcranialskeleton.ThethirdspeciesisS.brachycephalus,whichwillberestudiedinthepresentpaper'sbrachycephaluswaserectedbyYoungforaspecimen,consistingofpartialskullandsomepostcranialelements(V4020).Itwaspublishedinon…     

A small,narrow-beaked albatross from the Pliocene of New Zealand demonstrates a higher past diversity in the feeding ecology of the Diomedeidae

We describe a nearly complete, three-dimensionally preserved skull of a new albatross species from the late Pliocene (3.0–3.4 million years ago) Tangahoe Formation of New Zealand. Aldiomedes angustirostris, n. gen. et sp. has only about 90% of the length of the skull of the smallest extant albatross and is the geologically youngest record of a small-sized albatross known to date. The new species is characterized by a mediolaterally compressed beak, which is not found in any living albatross. The small size and some cranial features of A. angustirostris indicate that, in spite of its comparatively young geological age, the new species was not part of crown group Diomedeidae. We hypothesize that A. angustirostris was more piscivorous than extant albatrosses, which predominantly feed on squid. The reasons for the extinction of smaller-sized albatrosses are elusive but may be related to changes in seabird fauna during the Pliocene epoch, which witnessed the radiation of various non-procellariiform seabird groups.     

记云南晋宁发现的双嵴龙(Dilophosaurus)化石

<正> 1987年8月,在晋宁县夕阳彝族乡木杵榔村的青龙山采到两具恐龙,一为近于完整的兽脚类的双嵴龙,另一具为原蜥脚类的云南龙(Yunnanosaurus)。它们出自早侏罗世下禄丰组。鉴于晋宁木杵榔发现的双嵴龙在中国乃至亚洲尚属首次记录,特此简报。     

Hidden diversity in bent‐winged bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) of the Western Palaearctic and adjacent regions: implications for taxonomy

The taxonomic status of bent‐winged bats (Miniopterus) in the Western Palaearctic and adjacent regions is unclear, particularly in some areas of the eastern Mediterranean, Middle East and Arabia. To address this, we analysed an extensive collection of museum materials from all principal parts of this distribution range, i.e. North Africa, Europe and southwest Asia, using morphological (skull) and genetic approaches (mitochondrial DNA). Linear and geometric morphometric analysis of cranial and dental characteristics, together with molecular phylogeny, suggested that Miniopterus populations comprise four separate species: (1) M. schreibersii sensu strictissimo (s.str.) – occurring in Europe, coastal Anatolia, Levant, Cyprus, western Transcaucasia, and North Africa; (2) M. pallidus – occurring in inland Anatolia, Jordan, eastern Transcaucasia, Turkmenistan, Iran and southern Afghanistan (Kandahar); (3) a Miniopterus sp. – recorded from Nangarhar province in eastern Afghanistan, which we tentatively assign to M. cf. fuliginosus; and (4) a Miniopterus sp. with Afro‐tropic affinities confirmed from south‐western Arabia and Ethiopia, which we tentatively name M. cf. arenarius. The latter two species are well differentiated by skull morphology, while M. pallidus possesses very similar skull morphology to M. schreibersii. The results also suggest the existence of a possible new taxon (subspecies) within M. schreibersii s.str. inhabiting the Atlas Mountains of Morocco. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London     

Skeletal evidence of operations on cadavers from Sens (Yonne,France) at the end of the XVTH century

Human remains giving direct evidence concerning the history of dissection practices are rare. Thirteen cranial fragments which bear evidence of having been purposely cut and sawn were discovered in a crypt during excavations undertaken in Sens (Yonne, France). Ceramics date these remains to the period from the end of the XIVth to the end of the XVIth centuries. Nine individuals are represented: one adolescent and eight adults of both sexes. The position of the cutmarks, which' were produced by a long, sharp cutting tool, show that the scalp was completely removed from the skull. The sawing, which was done with a large-toothed saw, was both clockwise and counterclockwise in direction. The sawn surfaces reveal a deliberate attempt not to damage the brain. This procedure is compared to that of modern autopsies. The remains from Sens are also compared with several other sawn cranial fragments recently discovered in France and England. Three hypotheses are discussed: embalmment, autopsy, and anatomical studies. Analysis of these remains and historical documentation suggest embalmment and/or autopsy as the probable purpose of the opening of the skull. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Morphometric variation in the Nearctic collared lemming (Dicrostonyx)

A. H. Macpherson suggested that much of the current geographic diversity in Canadian Arctic mammals resulted from isolation in refugia during the Wisconsin glacial stage. This study evaluates the refugium hypothesis, insofar as it applies to Nearctic Dicrostonyx , by means of a statistical analysis of geographic variation in 13 skull characters. Overall, geographic variation among samples is not significant, although D. hudsonius and D. unalascensis are geographically and morphologically distinct. Some variation in skull shape is correlated with winter temperature. Partitioning tests on other measures of shape variation indicate some discontinuities consistent with the refugial hypothesis. Discrete samples reflect possible refugial populations in northern North America, Eastern Beringia and two southern periglacial refugia, one in eastern North America and at least one in western North America.     

A new skull of early cetacean Remingtonocetus harudiensis from the Eocene of Kutch Basin,India

A nearly complete skull of Remingtonocetus harudiensis was discovered from the Harudi Formation of the Kutch Basin, western India. Though several specimens have been collected over the last two decades by earlier workers, this skull shows variations in morphology within the species that were not known earlier. Hence, this finding is significant because it helps in expanding our knowledge of the skull morphology with the addition of characters such as the larger size of the skull, the difference in dental morphology, and the two-ridged external nasal feature and our understanding of how the molar morphology can vary within the same species. The newly excavated skull is the largest Remingtonocetus skull so far discovered and is similar to the size of Dalanistes ahmedi from Kutch, India and from Baluchistan, Pakistan. Thus, the range of the overall body size of the species will change considerably towards the higher side nullifying a major distinction between Dalanistes and Remingtonocetus. The new skull was excavated from the chocolate brown shales of the clastic facies of the Harudi Formation, in the inner ramp of a lagoonal phase. It is approximately 4 m above the nodular limestones from which the other Remingtonocetus materials were previously described. The limestone represents the carbonate facies of the Formation formed in a middle to outer ramp setting. An emended diagnosis of R. harudiensis is provided in this study. The Bartonian Harudi Formation of the Kutch Basin, thus, becomes unique in having Remingtonocetus specimens discovered from two different lithological facies from both the inner and outer ramp settings.     

Cranial and dental remains of Deinotherium bozasi (Mammalia: Proboscidea) from East Rudolf, Kenya

A skull, three immature mandibles and a number of isolated teeth belonging to Deinotherium bozasi have been collected from Plio-Pleistocene sediments to the east of Lake Rudolf, Kenya. D. bozasi is the youngest representative of the family Deinotheriidae and the skull is the most complete yet found of this taxon. The East Rudolf specimens are contrasted with comparable specimens of Prodeinotherium hobleyi from East and North Africa and of Deinotherium giganteum from Europe. The size and morphology of the cranial vault of the East Rudolf skull confirms allocation to the genus Deinotherium but other dental and cranial evidence confirms taxonomic differentiation from D. giganteum and direct descent from P. hobleyi. Although the postcranial elements of D. bozasi are poorly known it is considered unlikely that this species developed the cursorial adaptations of D. giganteum. The extinction of D. bozasi is attributable to major changes in ecologic conditions towards the end of the early Pleistocene.     

Regional genetic differentiation of Phlebotomus sergenti in three Moroccan foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica

Phlebotomus sergenti was identified morphologically in samples from three Moroccan foci of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in the provinces of Azilal, Essaouira and Taza. Three primary mitochondrial DNA lineages were identified, and they could be markers for regionally distributed cryptic species. Greater mitochondrial diversity in Azilal indicated that this central province could have been the origin of dispersal of P. sergenti or the zone of secondary contact. All except one of the 21 mitochondrial haplotypes showed a marked regional distribution, and this indicates that vector control would not always be followed by rapid, long-distance reinvasion. Only mitochondrial haplotype SER18 was a putative marker for long-distance dispersal, for which there is no evidence of human assistance.     

南京汤山直立人颅容量的推算

以耳上颅高推算现代人颅容量的公式可适用于汤山直立人1号头骨的颅容量的推算。汤山直立人1号头骨的颅容量推算值为871ml,与周口店直立人3号头骨的颅容量值相近,提示了汤山直立人的年代“早于40万年或更早”的看法更可取些。     

GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN METRIC SKULL CHARACTERS AMONG PROPOSED SUBPOPULATIONS AND STOCKS OF HARBOR PORPOISE, PHOCOENA PHOCOENA, IN THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC

A total of 433 skulls of harbor porpoises, Phocoena phocoena , were examined to evaluate geographical variation within the western North Atlantic, using analysis of covariance and discriminant analysis based on 45 measurements of skull components. The relationship between condylobasal length and body length was sigmoid in both sexes. Condylobasal length is generally less in adult males than in adult females.
Despite some overlap, morphological differences between different regions and even adjacent local stocks could be recognized by ANCOVA and discriminant analysis. The percentage of correct classification by discriminant functions was 65.2% for the four regional samples: (1) North Canadian Atlantic (which includes Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland), (2) Bay of Fundy, (3) Gulf of Maine-New York, and (4) Maryland-South Carolina. It was 65.9% for the four local geographical areas (10s of km) within the Bay of Fundy; Quoddy-region porpoises revealed a closer relationship with the southwestern Nova Scotia population than with other adjacent stocks. The results at this level imply that gene flow is restricted to some degree even among closely adjacent geographical units. Management of this species should aim, therefore, for conservation of a variety of local stocks.     

陕西蓝田灞河组乌米兽亚科(Urmiatheriinae,Bovidae)一新属

记乌米兽亚科 (Urmiatheriinae,Bovidae)一新属 :Lantiantraguslongirostralisgen .etsp .nov.。其主要特征是个体大 ;脸部窄而高 ;吻部细长 ,前颌骨与鼻骨接触 ;鼻骨狭长 ,背面平 ,前端无侧翼 ;鼻切迹位置靠前 ;眶下孔位置低 ,位于P3之上方 ;颊齿中等高冠 ,臼齿列长 ,前臼齿列与臼齿列之长度比小于 60 % ;一珐琅质中孔出现在磨蚀的上臼齿两叶之间 ,靠近唇侧 ;下第一门齿不增大 ;p4的下后尖指向后内 ,与下内尖相连 ;下臼齿具底柱 ;c～p2之间的齿隙长等。它出现在陕西蓝田灞河组下部 ,生存时代为晚中新世早期。