双歧杆菌培养和保藏条件的研究

通过培养和保藏ＳＢ３２１方法的比较,得到了一种适合一般微生物学实验室培养和保藏双歧杆菌的简易方法。     

双歧因子的提取及其促双歧杆菌生长的初步观察

本文介绍了多种从猪胃粘蛋白及胡萝卜中提取双歧因子的方法。并用含双歧因子的培养基对四种双歧杆菌的生长进行了定性、定量观察,其结果显示了双歧因子是一种具有促双歧杆菌生长的活性因子,它可用于治疗某些疾病或作为保健食品及动物饲料添加剂,对促进人、动物体的健康及婴幼儿的正常发育具有重要生理意义。     

菊芋在脱脂乳中对双歧杆菌生长的影响研究

以菊芋粉为材料,以长双歧杆菌(Blm)和两歧双歧杆菌(Bbm)为实验菌株,研究菊芋在脱脂乳中对双歧杆菌生长的影响,以期为进一步开发菊芋资源和研制双歧杆菌酸奶提供理论依据。结果表明在脱脂乳中加入3%的菊芋粉,凝乳时间有所缩短,在接种Blm的脱脂乳中缩短了0．9h,在接种Bbm的脱脂乳中缩短了1．1h。在脱脂乳中添加3%的菊芋粉后,明显促进了菌体产酸。     

双歧杆菌某些生长因素的研究

本文对双歧杆菌的生长因素条件进行了系统研究,结果表明：以２％玉米低聚糖作碳泊,单独配制灭菌,在以４％种子接种量接种于ＰＨ７．５左右的改良ＢＳ预温培养液中时加入 碳源。在３７℃条件下深层培养２０小时作活菌计数分析。优选出一个既缩短培养周期,又能获得高生物量双歧杆菌的最佳方案,此为生产以双歧杆菌为主的微生态菌制剂提供了一个良好的方法。     

胶类物质对固体制剂中青春双歧杆菌稳定性研究*

考察了５０Ｌ发酵罐中青春双歧杆菌在混合胶类物质的果蔬汁底料中的生长及其溶氧率,ｐＨ值、可溶性固形物等变化规律,就培养后的双歧杆菌制备活菌固体制剂的工艺方法进行比较。结果表明胶类物质能缓冲培养基质中酸性环境,减少发酵和制剂过程中空气氧对菌细胞的毒害,干燥后的固体制剂中活菌回收率高,贮存的稳定性增加。提示了明胶和黄原胶在配料干燥后对菌细胞的包埋及保护作用。并制定出关于青春双歧杆菌保健片或粉料的简便生产     

两歧双歧杆菌86321生长特性的研究

目的研究两歧双歧杆菌86321的生长特性,为该菌生理功能研究和高效发酵剂的研制提供理论依据。方法通过生长曲线、产酸量、最适厌氧方式、最适pH、最适培养温度及最适接种量等一系列实验,对两歧双歧杆菌86321进行生长特性的研究。结果两歧双歧杆菌86321在BL培养基中培养时间可缩短至16 h,最高活菌数的lg值达到9.5;其最适厌氧方式为自然厌氧法或密封法,装液量视实际情况而定;在pH7.08.0生长良好,最适初始pH为8.0;在3742℃生长良好,最适温度为37℃;综合总菌量和生产成本,确定最适接种量为7%（v/v）。结论用BL培养基可以大大提高两歧双歧杆菌86321的产量。细菌产量的高低和发酵速度的快慢与菌种活力、厌氧方式、培养温度及pH等因素密切相关。     

双歧因子对双歧杆菌增殖的影响

应用含有不同浓度的双歧因子(微维乐)的培养基对双歧杆菌进行了定性、定量观察。其结果表明,微维乐对双歧杆菌有明显的促进作用;在双歧杆菌制剂的生产过程中,添加一定量的微维乐,不仅可以提高双歧杆菌收率,而且还可以缩短菌种发酵时间。最佳添加量为1.5%,最佳发酵时间为1.5 h。     

海带对双歧杆菌促生长作用的研究

探讨海带对双歧杆菌生长的促进作用。选用海带以平板打洞法、试管法对青春双歧杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌进行了体外生长促进实验。结果发现,两种双歧杆菌在含有海带汁洞口周围,菌苔生长均较为茂盛;随着离洞口的距离渐近,菌苔逐渐增厚;随着海带汁浓度的增加,菌苔茂盛程度增加,活菌数亦增多;在海带培养基中,双歧杆菌增殖１２ 小时基本达到稳定期,与对照管比较,增殖速度快而稳定。结果表明海带对双歧杆菌增殖有稳定的促进作用。     

双歧杆菌的遗传学研究

双歧杆菌的遗传学研究厦门大学生物系厦门３６１００５杨智源黄耀坚苏文金１前言双歧杆菌（Ｂｉｆｉｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ）于１８９９年由巴斯德研究所的Ｔｉｓｓｉｅｒ从母乳婴儿粪便中发现,是定植于人类或某些哺乳动物体内的革兰氏阳性生理细菌,在微生态学上...     

双歧杆菌固定化的研究

双歧杆菌固定化的研究杨基础,刘佳（清华大学化学工程系,北京１０００８４）目前市场上的大多数双歧杆菌产品活菌量很低,保存不到一个月就全部死亡,这是当前亟待解决的问题之一。本文对双歧杆菌的固定化进行了研究,旨在提供一种制备高活性双歧杆菌片剂或胶囊的新方法...     

Effect of phosphate and ammonium ion concentrations on solvent production in defined medium byClostridium acetobutylicum

Summary Experiments have been performed in batch fermentation, using a defined medium, to investigate the effects of phosphate and ammonium ion concentrations on solvent production usingClostridium acetobutylicum. Solvent production occurred under conditions of either ammonium- or phosphate-limitation, but the optimum conditions were observed to be where both of these nutrients were slightly in excess of growth requirements. A greater excess of nutrients caused the fermentation to be acidogenic rather than solventogenic.     

厌氧发酵法生物制氢的研究现状和发展前景

氢气是一种理想的能源,具有转化率高、可再生和无污染等优点。与传统制氢方法相比,生物制氢技术的能耗低,对环境无害,其中的厌氧发酵生物制氢已经越来越受到人们的重视。本文主要介绍了厌氧发酵生物制氢技术的方法和机理,分析了生物制氢的可行性,结合国内外研究现状提出了未来的发展方向。     

Bio-kinetic analysis on treatment of textile dye wastewater using anaerobic batch reactor

An anaerobic digestion technique was applied to textile dye wastewater aiming at the colour and COD removal. Pet bottles of 5 L capacity were used as reactor which contains methanogenic sludge of half a liter capacity which was used for the treatment of combined synthetic textile dye and starch wastewater at different mixing ratios of 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40 with initial COD concentrations as 3520, 3440, 3360, 3264 and 3144 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The reactor was maintained at room temperature (30 ± 3 °C) with initial pH of 7. The maximum COD and colour removal were 81.0% and 87.3% at an optimum mixing ratio of 30:70 of textile dye and starch wastewaters. Both Monod’s and Haldane’s models were adopted in this study. The kinetic constants of cell growth under Haldane’s model were satisfactory when compared to Monod’s model. The kinetic constants obtained by Haldane’s model were found to be in the range of μ_max = 0.037-0.146 h⁻¹, K_s = 651.04-1372.88 mg L⁻¹ and K_i = 5681.81-18727.59 mg L⁻¹.     

Effects of redox potential control on succinic acid production by engineered Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions

The effects of oxido-reduction potential (ORP) control on succinic acid production have been investigated in Escherichia coli LL016. In LL016, two CO₂ fixation pathways were achieved and NAD⁺ supply was enhanced by co-expression of heterologous pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) and nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRTase). During anaerobic fermentation, cell growth and metabolite distribution were changed with redox potential levels in the range of −200 to −400 mV. From the results, the ORP level of −400 mV was preferable, which resulted in the high succinic acid concentration (28.6 g/L) and high succinic acid productivity (0.33 g/L/h). Meanwhile, the yield of succinic acid at the ORP level of −400 mV was 39% higher than that at the ORP level of −200 mV. In addition, a higher NADH/NAD⁺ ratio and increased enzyme activities were also achieved by regulating the culture to a more reductive environment, which further enhanced the succinic acid production.     

Effect of impeller type and stirring frequency on the behavior of an AnSBBR in the treatment of low-strength wastewater

The influence of impeller type and stirring frequency on the performance of a mechanically stirred anaerobic sequencing batch reactor containing immobilized biomass on an inert support (AnSBBR - Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor) was evaluated. The biomass was immobilized on polyurethane foam cubes placed in a stainless-steel basket inside a glass cylinder. Each 8-h batch run consisted of three stages: feed (10 min), reaction (460 min) and discharge (10 min) at 30 °C. Experiments were performed with four impeller types, i.e., helical, flat-blade, inclined-blade and curved-blade turbines, at stirring frequencies ranging from 100 to 1100 rpm. Synthetic wastewater was used in all experiments with an organic-matter concentration of 530 ± 37 mg/L measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD). The reactor achieved an organic-matter removal efficiency of around 87% under all investigated conditions. Analysis of the four impeller types and the investigated stirring frequencies showed that mass transfer in the liquid phase was affected not only by the applied stirring frequency but also by the agitation mode imposed by each impeller type. The best reactor performance at all stirring frequencies was obtained when agitation was provided by the flat-blade turbine impeller.     

长双歧杆菌发酵培养基的优化

目的对长双歧杆菌液态发酵培养基进行优化。方法以长双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteriumlongum）为发酵菌株,以MRS培养基为基础培养基,以发酵液活菌数为指标,通过单因素添加实验考察发酵培养基的碳源和氮源的种类,并验证优化后培养基的效果。结果优化后培养基的最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为酪蛋白胨、牛肉蛋白胨、水解乳蛋白,发酵液活菌数达到2．09×10^9CFU／mL,比原MRS培养基（1．22×10^9CFU／mL）提高了71．30％。结论优化后培养基优于原MRS基础培养基,可应用于长双歧杆菌的液态发酵。     

合成气厌氧发酵生产有机酸和醇的研究进展

合成气来自于煤、石油、生物质和有机废物的气化,其主要成份为CO、H2和CO2。研究发现某些厌氧菌能利用合成气生成乙醇、乙酸、丁醇和丁酸等燃料和化学品。由于生物转化所具有的优势,合成气厌氧发酵被认为是一项极具潜力和竞争力的技术,在生物质及有机废物的利用方面将发挥重要作用。对厌氧发酵合成气生产有机酸和醇的研究进展,包括利用合成气产有机酸和醇的微生物,合成气发酵的代谢途径和关键酶（一氧化碳脱氢酶/乙酰辅酶A合成酶）及用于合成气发酵的反应器等进行了综述,并对该项技术的发展提出了一些建议。     

锌酵母分批流加发酵动态优化

对锌酵母分批流加发酵过程的控制变量反应温度和pH的动态最优化进行研究。基于酵母流加发酵有抑制的状态模型．通过龙格一库塔法计算微分方程组、单纯形法优化对模型参数进行估计。采用不同的温度和pH控制策略进行研究,由此获得动力学模型参数与温度和pH关系的回归模型。在此基础上,以极大值原理、梯度法优化求解以获得最高锌酵母产量为目标的最优温度和pH分布T*（t）、pH*(t)。实验验证,在T*(t)和pH*(t)下操作,锌酵母产率可提高13.7％。     

Biogas production from different substrates in an experimental Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor anaerobic digester

Different mixtures were digested in a single-stage, batch, mixed, laboratory scale mesophilic anaerobic digester at the Biomass Research Centre Laboratory (University of Perugia). The yield and the composition of biogas from the different substrates were evaluated and the cumulative curves were estimated. Two experimental campaigns were carried out, the first on three mixtures (chicken, pig and bovine manures), the second on animal and vegetal biomasses (chicken and cow manure, olive husk) with different inocula (rumen fluid and digested sludge). In the first campaign pig manure mixture showed the maximum biogas production (0.35 Nm³/kg) and energy content (1.35 kWh/kg VS); in the second one the differences in produced biogas from the different inocula were analyzed: olive husk with piggery manure anaerobically digested as inoculum showed the higher biogas (0.28 Nm³/kg VS) and methane yield (0.11 Nm³/kg VS), corresponding to an energetic content of 1.07 kWh/kg VS. All data obtained from the laboratory scale anaerobic digester are comparable to the values in literature for several biomass and in particular for olive husk, dairy manure and chicken manure.