人白细胞介素－2的两个部分拮抗剂

通过定点诱变技术得到6个生物活性剧烈下降的人白细胞介素-2(IL-2)突变体,其中两个突变体即15Val-IL-2和126Asp-IL-2可以在一定浓度范围内使IL-2的生物效应降低.在对高亲和力IL-2受体(IL-2R)的竞争抑制实验中,15Val-IL-2和126Asp-IL-2又表现了一定的竞争能力.这些结果表明15Val-IL-2和126Asp-IL-2的部分拮抗天然IL-2的作用.结合IL-2二级结构分析及对IL-2与IL-2R相互作用的已有认识,可认为15Val-IL-2和126Asp-IL-2的部分拮抗作用产生的原因在于替换残基在空间上对IL-2与IL-2R βγ亚基结合微环境的轻微扰动,干扰了IL-2有关残基与IL-2R βγ亚基的结合,但尚不能完全阻止其与IL-2R βγ亚基的结合.     

IL—2部分拮抗剂可用于IL—2突变体对受体亚基结合能…

用定点突变法分别得到了两个人白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）的部分拮抗剂１５Ｖａｌ－ＩＬ－２和１２６Ａｓｐ－ＩＬ－２以及一个为ＩＬ－２受体ａ亚基结合缺陷型的突变体６２Ｌｅｕ－ＩＬ－２,当将１５Ｖａｌ－ＩＬ－２或１２６Ａｓｐ－ＩＬ－２与６２Ｌｅｕ－Ｉｌ－２共同保温时,６２Ｌｅｕ－ＩＬ－２的活性受到明显抑制,对此现象机理的分析表明１５Ｖａｌ－ＩＬ－２或１２６Ａｓｐ－ＩＬ－２可用于ＩＬ－２受体亚基结合缺陷型突     

白细胞介素－2微柱剂型

白细胞介素－２微柱剂型张世联（河北省医学科学院生化研究室,石家庄市０５００２１）关键词白细胞介素－２,微柱剂型白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）是一种免疫反应调节因子,它的生物活性与它在体内存留时间及其浓度有关。增加ＩＬ－２在体内存留时间或延缓清除时间的办法...     

IL－2部分拮抗剂可用于IL－2突变体对受体亚基结合能力的初步鉴定

用定点突变法分别得到了两个人白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的部分拮抗剂15Val-IL-2和126Asp-IL-2以及一个为IL-2受体α亚基结合缺陷型的突变体62Leu-IL-2,当将15Val-IL-2或126Asp-IL-2与62Leu-IL-2共同保温时,62Leu-IL-2的活性受到明显抑制,对此现象机理的分析表明15Val-IL-2或126Asp-IL-2可用于IL-2受体亚基结合缺陷型突变体的初步鉴定.同时,这一思路在其它受体-配基系统中具有一定的适用性.     

白细胞介素－2中枢镇痛作用途径的探讨

抗ＩＬ－２受体α亚基的单克隆抗体不能阻断ＩＬ－２的中枢镇痛作用,以及丧失与ＩＬ－２受体β亚基结合能力的ＩＬ－２突变体仍具有提高大鼠痛阈的能力,这表明ＩＬ－２的中枢镇痛作用并不是通过ＩＬ－２受体所介导,亦表示ＩＬ－２的免疫和镇痛作用是通过不同的受体途径实现的。加之内源性阿片肽与ＩＬ－２分子有着共同的抗原决定基和结构相似性,提示ＩＬ－２可以与阿片受体直接结合产生中枢镇痛效应。从放射免疫法测定的ＩＬ－２侧脑室注射后不同时间大鼠脑内不同核团的内源性阿片肽含量,推测ＩＬ－２的中枢镇痛作用可能还与弓状核、室旁核、蓝斑等核团的β－ＥＰ和ＬＥＫ有关。     

白细胞介素－2的中枢镇痛作用

本实验采用侧脑室给药,以钾离子透入法引起大鼠甩尾反应为指标,测定动物的痛阈,发现白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）具有显著提高大鼠痛阈的作用,此作用能被抗ＩＬ－２单克隆抗体所阻断。纳洛酮能反转ＩＬ－２的镇痛作用,表明其作用机理与阿片受体有关。     

人白细胞介素－2基因在人骨肉瘤细胞系内表达

从pHIG53质粒内切下人白细胞介素-2(IL-2)cDNA基因, 并经中间质粒pSP72转换成与pDOR-neo载体相匹配的酶切位点, 然后将IL-2cDNA定向连接入pDOR-neo载体, 构建成功人IL-2逆转录病毒载体, 经脂质体导入人骨肉瘤细胞系Ma中, 经G418筛选后测转基因肿瘤细胞培养上清中IL-2表达量, 每1×10⁵细胞24hIL-2表达量为50～800U, 为骨肉瘤的基因治疗创造条件.     

白细胞介素—2受体的研究进展

自Morgan等人于1976年发现了白细胞介素—2(Inter leukin—2 IL—2)以来,人们逐渐认识到IL—2是通过与其在T细胞表面上的受体结合后才产生生物学活性的.因而,揭开IL—2受体(IL—2receptor,IL—2R)的奥秘,对于了解IL—2与IL—2R相互作用方式及IL—2引导的信号传递机制,进而了解机体免疫应答与调控的原理,从而达到对某些免疫系统疾病预防、诊断和治疗的目的,具有重要意义.因此,近十多年来,人们投入了大量精力来研究IL—2R.本文将在回顾历史的基础上,重点介绍IL—2R领域研究的最新成果,以使读者对IL—2R有一个比较全面,系统的认识.     

白细胞介素－2的PEG化

用自制的氨基ＰＥＧ化试剂ｒＩＬ－２进行化学修饰,研究了试剂浓度,溶液ｐＨ,反应时间等与ＰＥｃａ－ｒＩＬ－２产率及ＩＬ－２活性保持之间的关系,建立了一套获得稳定修饰度的ＰＥＧ－ｒＩＬ－２的方法。研究发现,反应时间跟修饰度关系不大;溶液ｐＨ对修饰度有一定的影响,中性ｐＨ以上反应都可进行;而试剂浓度直接决定修饰度的高低,过量越多,修饰度越高,而生物活性保留也越低;但低度修饰,对活性几乎没有影响,可保留活性在９５％左右。     

Production of Functional Native Human Interleukin-2 in Tobacco Chloroplasts

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an important T lymphocyte-derived cytokine in the mammalian immune system. Non-native, recombinant IL-2 derived from Escherichia coli is used widely in both medical research and treatment of diseases. Recombinant human IL-2 gene has been expressed in plant nuclear genomes, therefore it can be spread to the environment through pollen. Furthermore, all the plant-produced IL-2 reported thus far had been attached with artificial tags or fusion proteins, which may trigger unintended immunological responses and therefore compromise its full utility as a medicine. To expand the potential of using plant chloroplasts to produce functional native human therapeutic proteins, we inserted an engineered human interleukin-2 (hIL-2)-coding gene, without any tags, into the chloroplast genome of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Partially purified hIL-2 protein from the leaves of the transplastomic plants induced in vitro proliferation of IL-2-dependent murine T lymphocytes. Our study demonstrates that plant chloroplasts can serve as a bio-factory for production of an active native human interleukin in a self-contained and therefore environmentally safe manner.     

Substrate-Based Design of Human Farnesyltransferase Peptide-like Pain Antagonists

Human protein farnesyltransferase is a key enzyme for the lipid modification of a large and important number of proteins, which has been recognized as the promising therapeutic target of pain disorder and other diseases such as inflammation and cancer. In this study, we systematically investigated the binding behavior of existing peptide substrates and antagonists to farnesyltransferase at structural level and revealed that peptide’s C-terminus is primarily responsible for the binding, while exposing N-terminus to solvent. The amino acid property preference profile at each of the six core N-terminal residue positions of a cocrystallized chimera peptide substrate was defined, based on which a combinatorial library that contains more than twenty thousands of peptide-like compounds (PLCs) was generated using sixteen structurally diverse non-natural amino acids as building blocks. Subsequently, a systematic protocol was exhaustively carried out to perform virtual screening against the library, in order to discover those PLCs that match well the property preference profile and simultaneously exhibit high binding potency to farnesyltransferase. Consequently, ninety hits were identified from the library, in which five structurally diverse PLCs with high consensus scores were determined to have potent or moderate affinity to the active site of farnesyltransferase through nonbonded/coordination interactions. These identified PLCs can be considered as promising lead molecular entities to further develop peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase antagonists combating pain, inflammation and cancer.

     

用单抗研究白细胞介素2的结构功能和抗原性

利用多价抗体及一组单克降抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）研究了人重组白细胞介素２（ｒＩＬ－２）的功能域和抗原性。中和试验表明：ｒＩＬ－２Ｎ端（１～２８）的ＭｃＡｂ具有明显中和ＩＬ－２活性,而中区（５９～７２）和Ｃ端（１０５～１３３）的ＭｃＡｂ则无此功能。排阻ＥＬＩＳＡ证实：ｒＩＬ－２的Ｎ端与中区接近,并共同构成一个表位（２Ａ９）;Ｃ端回折紧靠中区,但在Ｎ端对侧,且与中区的距离较Ｎ端更近。抗原性分析确定了４个显型表位（１～１９、４５～５４、５９～７２、１０５～Ｂ３）及２个隐型表位（２０～４４、７４～８８）。     

Partial Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Two New Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Human Intestine

This study aimed at characterizing two novel bacteriocin-producing enterococcal strains isolated from human intestine. A total of 200 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from a woman stool sample. Two of them were selected for characterization due to their high antimicrobial activity against five strains of Listeria monocytogenes. The selected bacteria were identified as two different strains of Enterococcus faecium and designated MT 104 and MT 162. The bacteriocins produced by MT 104 and MT 162 were stable at different pH ranging from 2 to 11 and were active after different treatments such as heat, enzymes, detergents, and γ-irradiation. The two isolated strains exhibited some probiotic properties such as survival in simulated gastric fluid and intestinal fluid, lack of expression of bile salt hydrolase or hemolytic activity, adhesion to Caco-2 cells efficiently, and sensitivity to clinical antimicrobial agents. Thus, the two isolated strains of E. faecium could become new probiotic bacteria and their bacteriocins could be used for controlling L. monocytogenes in combination with irradiation for food preservation.     

Nuclease Activity of Human Interleukin-10

The nuclease activity of human interleukin-10, an immunosuppressive cytokine, was predicted on the basis of structural homology between the 97–105 sequence of human interleukin-10 and the DNA/RNA-hydrolyzing fragment of the endogenous differentiation factor for the HL-60 line of human promyelocyte leukemia cells. The human recombinant interleukin-10 was shown to cleave all forms of plasmid DNA. The role of interleukin-10 in the apoptosis induction in monocytic cells was hypothesized.     

重组人白细胞介素6的制备

我们采用本院基础医学研究所组建的ＩＬ-６工程菌Ｅ．ｃｏｉｌＤＨ５ａ（ｐＢＶ-ｈｌＬ－６）,在选定的培养基及ｐＨ值下,采用３０升发酵罐进一步观察了工程菌的生长和ｒＩＬ－６的表达,确定了发酵工艺条件。在此条件下连续进行了三批次的培养试验。结果表明,工程首的生长密度达到２．５１±０．０２ｇ［干重］／Ｌ［发酵液］,ｒＩＬ-６产率为１８２．４±２．０ｍｇ／ｇ［干重］。ｒＩＬ-６以包涵体形式表达于大肠杆菌细胞中,破菌后选用非离子型去垢剂或尿素等变性剂提取包涵体中的杂蛋白,可使ｒＩＬ-６的纯度达到７０．１±１．３％,收率为７１．９±１．９％。洗涤后的包涵体,经过凝胶柱纯化和复性,ｒＩＬ-６纯度达到９５％以上,柱纯化的收率为７２．３±０．９％;采用依赖ＩＬ-６,小鼠杂交瘤细胞系７ＴＤ１及ＭＴＴ比色法测定生物活性,ｒＩＬ-６比活性达２×１０８Ｕ／ｍｇ。     

白细胞介素－2分子α螺旋B中的活性相关区域

根据人白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）ａ螺旋Ｂ中氨基酸残基的空间分布选择性地突变了一些氨基酸残基,结果发现．５７Ｇｌｎ→Ｇｌｎ,６２Ｇｌｎ→Ｌｅｕ,６２Ｇｌｎ→Ａｒｇ和６５Ｐｒｏ→Ａｒｇ这些替换均使ＩＬ－２活性显著降低或丧失,而６３Ｌｅｕ→Ｓｅｒ或６４Ｌｙｓ→Ａｌａ对ＩＬ－２活性影响不大。从受体竞争抑制结合实验结果可知,上述不表现活性的突变体也同时丧失了与高亲和力受体的结合能力,这说明α螺旋Ｂ中这些位点对ＩＬ－２与受体结合有贡献,事实上,那些直接与受体β、γ亚基结合的残基所在螺旋为Ａ、Ｄ螺旋而非α螺旋Ｂ,由此我们认为α螺旋Ｂ虽不直接参与与受体β、γ亚基结合,但它在空间结构上对ＩＬ－２与受体β、γ亚基的结合产生了有利的影响,而５７Ｇｌｎ、６２Ｇｌｎ、６５Ｐｒｏ等残基则在此过程中发挥重要作用。     

突变型人白细胞介素-2基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

为了提高人重组白细胞介素 2的稳定性和活性以及减少毒副作用 ,有必要定向改造rhIL 2的分子结构 .用PCR法从白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )cDNA全序列中扩增成熟的肽基因片段 ,并利用定点突变技术将人重组白细胞介素 2第 12 5位游离的半胱氨酸编码序列突变为丙氨酸序列 .编码 18位亮氨酸的序列突变为蛋氨酸序列 ;编码 19位亮氨酸的序列突变为丝氨酸序列 .突变型人白细胞介素 2 (MvIL 2 )基因与表达载体pPIC9K重组 ,酶切线性化后用Invitrogen转化毕赤酵母试剂盒导入酵母细胞进行整合 ,经筛选得到一高表达白介素 2的克隆 .SDS PAGE显示 ,表达量约占总量的4 5 7% .经Western印迹验证 ,重组人白介素 2有免疫活性 ;与野生型IL 2相比 ,所获得的突变型IL 2纯品的比活性为 4 0× 10 7IU mg蛋白 ,比天然型IL 2高 4～ 5倍