碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与胶原对组织工程软骨体外构建的影响

目的：以三维成团培养为培养系统,探讨bFGF与胶原对组织工程软骨体外构建的影响。方法：成团培养兔生长板软骨细胞,设bFGF、胶原及联合作用组。HE染色观察新生组织形态;免疫组化检测Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原表达以观察细胞表型;Hoechst 33258法检测细胞DNA含量;羟脯氨酸法与阿新蓝法测定基质中胶原与蛋白多糖的合成。结果：新生软骨的组织学形态近似自然软骨;各实验组软骨细胞DNA含量明显上升;胶原可以显著促进基质的合成;各实验组Ⅰ型胶原的表达少于对照组,Ⅱ型胶原的表达则高于对照组;联合作用组效果更加明显。结论：三维的成团培养可以促进基质合成,有效维持软骨细胞表型;bFGF与胶原有利于工程化软骨构建,其效果具有协同效应,两者联合应用可进一步促进软骨再生。     

软骨Ⅹ型胶原研究进展

软骨Ｘ型胶原是由软骨肥大区细胞特异表达合成的非微纤维形成性胶原,在软骨内骨化过程中发挥着重要的作用,可能与基质降解、钙化、血管侵入有关,文章就其分子特点、基因结构、功能及其与疾病的关系进行综述．     

Ⅱ型胶原-硫酸软骨素支架的制备及组织工程软骨的构建

研究经乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)处理的Ⅱ型胶原-硫酸软骨素支架材料的性能特点,并在体外构建组织工程软骨。从鸡软骨中提取Ⅱ型胶原,以不同浓度的EDC为交联剂通过冷冻干燥的方法制备Ⅱ型胶原与硫酸软骨素复合支架并测定其理化性质。将体外培养的新生兔关节软骨细胞接种在Ⅱ型胶原与硫酸软骨素复合支架上,观察软骨细胞在支架上的生长形态并检测支架上软骨细胞分泌的糖胺聚糖含量及Ⅱ型胶原含量。结果表明:采用EDC与硫酸软骨素交联增加了支架的稳定性,最适的交联剂质量浓度为7 mg/mL。软骨细胞在复合支架上增殖分化良好,并保持软骨细胞特异分化的表型,分泌Ⅱ型胶原与蛋白多糖(GAG)。培养14 d后已有软骨样组织形成。     

软骨性肿瘤Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 型胶原基因表达与肿瘤分化的关系

探讨 、 、 型胶原基因表达与软骨性肿瘤分化的关系。应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交技术检测存档石蜡标本软骨瘤、骨软骨瘤、软骨肉瘤和正常软骨共 71例中 、 、 型胶原基因的表达情况。结果显示 :免疫组化检测 型胶原蛋白的阳性率和表达强度 (灰度 ,其数值与染色强度呈反比 ) ,软骨瘤 (10 0 % ,148.99± 14.2 5 )和骨软骨瘤 (95 % ,148.76± 2 1.2 2 )与正常软骨 (10 0 % ,144 .88± 5 .0 5 )相似 ,软骨肉瘤 (74.0 7% ,16 6 .46± 17.6 7)明显低于良性软骨性肿瘤 (软骨瘤和骨软骨瘤 ) (P<0 .0 1) ,而且软骨肉瘤随着分化程度降低 ,阳性率和表达强度逐渐降低 ;高分化软骨肉瘤为 10 0 % (12 /12 ) ,148.14± 16 .10 ;中分化软骨肉瘤为 83.33% (5 /6 ) ,16 8.6 8± 11.82 ;低分化软骨肉瘤则完全不表达 (0 /9) (P <0 .0 5 )。正常软骨没有 、 型胶原 ,良性软骨性肿瘤出现少量 、 型胶原 ,软骨瘤 、 型胶原蛋白的阳性率分别为 38.89%和 44 .44 % ,骨软骨瘤分别为 35 %和 40 %。软骨肉瘤 、 型胶原蛋白明显增多 ,阳性率分别为 77.78%和 88.89% (P<0 .0 1) ,而且随着软骨肉瘤分化程度降低 , 、 型胶原蛋白表达强度增强 (P<0 .0 5 )。原位杂交显示软骨肉瘤 型胶原 m RNA的阳性率 (6 8.75 % ,11/16 )     

过氧化氢对Ⅱ型胶原损伤的拉曼光谱研究

拉曼光谱技术是研究生物分子结构的重要工具,其具有快速、无损、实时检测等优点。在本文中,我们运用拉曼光谱技术研究过氧化氢对关节软骨Ⅱ型胶原的损伤,检测关节软骨Ⅱ型胶原氧化损伤前后的拉曼光谱,以期探讨关节软骨Ⅱ型胶原氧化损伤分子改变机制。我们发现,过氧化氢可导致II型胶原分子内氢键体系发生改变,脯氨酸及羟基氨酸的羟基化程度降低,从而引起主链及侧链构象改变,导致三螺旋结构遭到破坏。总之,本文借助于拉曼光谱技术发现了过氧化氢对Ⅱ型胶原的损伤机制。     

以人胎盘来源干细胞为种子细胞构建组织工程软骨

通过胰酶消化法分离培养人胎盘来源干细胞（human placenta-derived stem cells,hPDSCs）,对其生物学性状进行检测,在一定条件下使其向软骨细胞诱导分化;将hPDSCs和制备的胶原海绵支架材料复合体外构建组织工程软骨组织,移植到裸鼠体内后观察其形成软骨组织的能力,为以hPDSCs作为种子细胞进行组织工程软骨组织的构建提供理论基础.研究发现hPDSCs具有间充质干细胞性状和良好的增殖能力,能连续培养30代以上保持未分化状态;将hPDSCs培养于软骨细胞诱导培养基中,可以分化形成具有生物学功能的软骨细胞.将hPDSCs与胶原海绵支架材料在诱导培养基中复合,7天后可以观察到有软骨样结构形成,Ⅱ型胶原表达阳性;裸鼠体内移植实验证实,hPDSCs与胶原海绵复合后可以在体内形成软骨组织,组织学观察软骨陷窝形成,并且Ⅱ型胶原阳性表达.研究结果表明hPDSCs具有向软骨细胞分化的潜能,与胶原海绵支架材料复合后可以构建形成具有生物学功能的软骨组织,为临床工作中软骨缺损的修复治疗提供了新的治疗策略,具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

富血小板纤维蛋白对兔骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化的影响*

摘要目的：观察自体富血小板纤维蛋白（platelet-rich fibrin, PRF）对体外培养的兔骨髓间充质干细胞（Bone marrow mesenchymal stemcells, BMSCs）成软骨分化的影响。方法：兔心脏采血制备PRF,电镜观察其超微结构;分离培养兔BMSCs,取第3代细胞用于 实验,分为PRF组、阳性对照组、空白对照组。诱导培养21d 后,对三组细胞分别进行形态学观察,成软骨鉴定染色（甲苯胺蓝、II 型胶原免疫组化染色）,软骨相关基因表达检测（Ⅱ型胶原、Aggrecan、SOX9）。结果：PRF 组和阳性对照组中BMSCs经诱导后,细 胞由长梭形变为三角形、多角形、圆形;甲苯胺蓝、II 型胶原免疫组化染色均为阳性;Ⅱ型胶原、Aggrecan、SOX9基因表达水平均 较高,两组比较无统计学差异,空白对照组未见相关分化现象。结论：PRF在体外可促进兔BMSCs 成软骨分化,可作为自体生物 材料,在构建组织工程软骨中发挥更好的作用。     

富血小板纤维蛋白对兔骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化的影响

目的：观察自体富血小板纤维蛋白（platelet-rich fibrin,PRF）对体外培养的兔骨髓间充质干细胞（Bonemarrowmesenchymalstemcells,BMSCs）成软骨分化的影响。方法：兔心脏采血制备PRF,电镜观察其超微结构;分离培养兔BMSCs,取第3代细胞用于实验．分为PIuF组、阳性对照组、空白对照组。诱导培养21d后,对三组细胞分别进行形态学观察,成软骨鉴定染色（甲苯胺蓝、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色）,软骨相关基因表达检测（Ⅱ型胶原、Aggrecan、SOX9）。结果：PRF组和阳性对照组中BMSCs经诱导后,细胞由长梭形变为三角形、多角形、圆形;甲苯胺蓝、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色均为阳性;Ⅱ型胶原、Aggrecan、SOX9基因表达水平均较高,两组比较无统计学差异,空白对照组未见相关分化现象。结论：PRF在体外可促进兔BMSCs成软骨分化,可作为自体生物材料,在构建组织工程软骨中发挥更好的作用。     

软骨寡聚基质蛋白过表达对BMP-2诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化的影响

目的：研究软骨寡聚基质蛋白（cartilage oligomeric matrix protein,COMP）过表达对BMP-2诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成骨及成软骨分化的影响。方法：BMP-2诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化,通过脂质体转染含人COMP基因的质粒使骨髓间充质干细胞过表达COMP,采用实时定量PCR和Western blotting分析COMP基因过表达、成骨相关基因Ⅰ型胶原、RUNX2、骨钙蛋白以及成软骨相关基因Ⅱ型胶原、SOX9、蛋白聚糖、X型胶原的表达变化;通过茜素红染色观察成骨终末阶段矿化结节的生成情况,阿利新蓝染色观察细胞基质蛋白多糖的合成情况。结果：质粒转染后骨髓间充质干细胞COMP基因蛋白和mRNA表达水平显著提高（P<0.05）。COMP基因过表达后,成骨标记基因RUNX2、Ⅰ型胶原（Col1a1）mRNA水平均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,RUNX2、骨钙蛋白（Osteocalcin）蛋白表达水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,而成软骨标记基因SOX9、蛋白聚糖（Aggrecan）mRNA水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,SOX9、Ⅱ型胶原（Col2a1）蛋白表达均明显多于对照组（P<0.05）。细胞成骨茜素红染色弱于对照组,而阿利新蓝染色强于对照组。过表达组细胞X型胶原（Col10a1）基因表达显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,结论：骨髓间充质干细胞COMP基因过表达可抑制BMP-2诱导其成骨分化,促进骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化,并抑制软骨细胞的成熟肥大,为软骨组织工程研究提供新的方向。     

大鼠软骨Ⅱ型胶原体外胶原原纤维的形成

建立了Ⅱ型胶原的提取和纯化方法,观察大鼠软骨Ⅱ型胶原体外胶原原纤维形成的动力学、胶原原纤维的稳定性和超微结构。结果表明,Ⅱ型胶原静止期、增长期分别为15、120min,增长期凝胶化速率0.0060,凝胶可复性13.58％,胶原原纤维呈典型的具有64nm周期横纹的自然纤维结构,但纤维直径较体内增长。这些对研究体内胶原原纤维的形成过程及调节机制具有重要意义。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.