Mass ratios of magnesium to calcium and phosphorus in the arteries of Japanese and Thai

To elucidate quantitative changes of Ca, P, and Mg in the arteries with aging, the authors investigated changes of the mass ratios of Mg to Ca and P in the arteries of Japanese and Thai by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The arteries of Japanese that were used were the thoracic and abdominal aortas, coronary, common iliac, internal iliac, external iliac, and femoral arteries, in which very high accumulations of Ca and P occurred in old age. The arteries of Thai that were used were the abdominal aorta, ramifying site of the abdominal aorta, coronary, common iliac, internal iliac, and external iliac arteries. It was found that there were extremely significant correlations both between Ca and Mg contents and between P and Mg contents in all of the arteries of the Japanese and the Thai. With regard to the mass ratio, the mass ratios of Mg to Ca ranged from 1.5% to 2.1% in the six arteries of the Japanese, except for the thoracic aorta at 3.1%, at an advanced stage of atherosclerosis, being similar to each other. In the arteries of the Thai, the mass ratios of Mg to Ca ranged from 1.9% to 3.0%, except for the coronary artery at 0.5%, at an advanced stage of atherosclerosis. The mass ratios of Mg to P ranged from 2.5% to 2.7% in the six arteries of the Japanese, except for the coronary artery at 1.8%, at an advanced stage of atherosclerosis. With regard to the arteries of the Thai, the mass ratios of Mg to P ranged from 1.9% to 3.3%, except for the coronary artery at 0.7%, at an advanced stage of atherosclerosis. These results revealed that both the mass ratios of Mg to Ca and Mg to P were almost similar among the arteries of Japanese and Thai, except for the coronary arteries. Therefore, these results suggested that the inorganic deposits in the coronary arteries of Japanese and Thai were similar to those in the intimal tunica of the thoracic aorta, whereas in the other arteries, they were similar to those in the middle tunica of the thoracic aorta.     

Simultaneous accumulation of magnesium with calcium and phosphorus in aorta and iliac arteries of thai

To elucidate compositional changes of arteries with aging, the authors previously investigated age-related changes of mineral contents in the various arteries of Japanese and Japanese monkey. To examine whether there were differences between races in regard to age-related changes of mineral contents and the relationships among element contents in the arteries, the authors investigated the arteries of Thai. The subjects consisted of 13 men and 3 women, ranging in age from 39 to 84 yr. After the ordinary dissection at Chiang Mai University was finished, abdominal aortas, common iliac, internal iliac, and external iliac arteries were resected and the element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The contents of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium became the highest in the fifties in the abdominal aorta, common iliac, and external iliac arteries, whereas the contents of calcium and magnesium became the highest in the sixties in the internal iliac artery, and decreased thereafter. In regard to relationships among element contents, it was found that there were high correlations between calcium and phosphorus contents, between calcium and magnesium contents, and between phosphorus and magnesium in all of the abdominal aortas and three iliac arteries. The mass ratios of magnesium to calcium and phosphorus were each similar in the abdominal aorta, common iliac, and internal iliac arteries, except for the external iliac artery, in which it was slightly high. These revealed that as calcium and phosphorus increased in the arteries with aging, magnesium increased in the arteries as well. The differences between the arteries of Thai and Japanese were discussed in the present article.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Quantitative changes of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in common iliac arteries with aging

To elucidate the mechanism of element accumulations in the arteries with aging, the authors investigated the mass ratios among calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the common iliac arteries by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The subjects consisted of 16 men and 8 women, ranging in age from 65 to 93 yr. It was found that there were extremely significant correlations between calcium and phosphorus contents, between calcium and magnesium contents, and between phosphorus and magnesium contents in the common iliac arteries. In regard to the mass ratio, although the mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus was almost constant, the mass ratios of magnesium to calcium and phosphorus were different at early and advanced stages of the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus. It was found that both the mass ratios of magnesium to calcium and phosphorus were higher at an early stage of the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in the arteries than at an advanced stage of the accumulation.     

The homologies of the lorisoid internal carotid artery system

The development of the “internal carotid” arterial system of the lesser galago (Galago senegalensis senegalensis)is described. The first artery to be formed is a typical promontory artery which runs through the middle-ear cavity and gives off the stapedial artery. It terminates in the cranial cavity by dividing into the middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, and two ophthalmic arteries. It is accompanied by the internal carotid nerve. A medially directed artery to the external carotid rete arises from the commencement of the promontory artery and joins the caudal end of the rete, whose cranial end lies in the foramen lacerum. As the promontory artery enters the cranial cavity, it communicates with the cranial end of the rete. The promontory artery, between the origin of the artery to the rete and its connection with the rete, becomes narrowed and eventually disappears. Thus the internal carotid artery is formed from the commencement of the promontory artery, the artery to the rete, the external carotid rete, and the terminal intracranial part of the promontory artery. The relationships of the artery to the rete indicate that it is the homologue of the human ascending pharyngeal artery.     

介入栓塞在产后出血治疗中的应用

目的:探讨介入栓塞治疗对产后出血的治疗效果和应用价值。方法:回顾性分析在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院住院分娩发生产后出血并应用介入技术治疗的16例患者的临床资料。结果:16例患者中有15例一次栓塞成功,均未出现严重并发症及异常阴道流血,未哺乳者术后6-8周恢复正常月经,哺乳者于结束哺乳后4-8周恢复正常月经;1例于栓塞后16小时再次出现大量阴道流血,而改行子宫次全切除术。结论:介入栓塞治疗直观性强、创伤微小、并发症少、止血较快,并保留生育功能,有条件的医院可作为首选治疗方法。     

Meningeal arterial patterns in great apes: Implications for hominid vascular evolution

Arterial meningeal patterns were observed for 100 hemispheres from great ape endocasts (Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, and Pongo pygmaeus). Eight patterns emerged based on the relative contributions to the walls and dura mater of the middle part of the braincase of meningeal arteries that stem from two sources. These arteries enter the braincase through either the orbit (delivering blood from the internal carotid artery) or through the base of the middle cranial fossa (via the middle meningeal artery whose blood comes from the external carotid artery). The three genera of apes manifest different frequencies of the eight, patterns, with orangutans highly dependent on orbital meningeal arteries at one extreme, and chimpanzees showing the greatest reliance on the middle meningeal artery at the other. As was the case in an earlier study of rhesus monkeys, there is a trend across the two genera of African apes for increased mean cranial capacity to be associated with increased reliance on the internal carotid artery for supplying the middle portion of the braincase. However, unlike the case for macaques, this trend does not reach statistical significance in African apes. Because it is rare for humans to manifest significant arterial contributions from the orbit to the middle cranial fossa, the comparative data on monkeys, apes, and humans suggest that, during the course of vascular evolution in Homo, the middle meningeal artery eventually took over supply of the entire middle cranial fossa. This hypothesis should be tested in the hominid fossil record. Earlier work on meningeal arterial patterns in apes has traditionally relied on Adachi's system that was determined from humans and focuses on the origin of the middle branch of the middle meningeal artery. As a result, the extensive orbital contributions to the middle portion of the braincase that characterize apes were not recognized and the eight patterns described in this paper were often erroneously assigned to the three patterns that adequately describe only humans. Adachi's system should therefore be abandoned for nonhuman primates and early hominids. A correct understanding of meningeal arterial evolution cannot be achieved until the orbital contributions to the meningeal arteries are recognized and incorporated into an evolutionary study that spans from apes to fossil hominids to living people. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Age-related change of mineral content in the human thoracic aorta and in the human cerebral artery

The relative contents (RCs) of mineral elements in aortae and cerebral arteries from 23 subjects, with ages ranging between 45 and 99 yr, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The RCs of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the aortae increased markedly after the age of 70. While the RC of sulfur in aortae decreased gradually after that age. It was found that accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred primarily in the tunica media of aorta, and secondarily in the tunica intima. Furthermore, the RCs of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in cerebral arteries increased markedly after the age of 70, whereas the RC of sulfur in cerebral arteries decreased after age 70. It was found that accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in the cerebral arteries were 30 and 60%, respectively, lower than those in the aortae with ages ranging between 45 and 99 yr.     

兔血管外膜对血管重构及收缩功能影响的初步观察

本文研究血管外膜在血管重塑及功能调控中的作用。实验采用在体去除兔颈动脉外膜的方法,于术后即刻、1周及2周取出动脉作组织学、免疫组织化学染色及血管反应性测定。结果显示：(1)去除颈动脉局部外膜对内皮及中层平滑肌无明显损伤;(2)去除外膜后血管平滑肌细胞增殖,并有新生内膜形成;(3)与对照例比较,去外膜侧血管对去甲肾上腺素的收缩反应在术后即刻及1周时减弱(P＜0．05)。上述研究结果提示：去除动脉外膜可导致血管内膜增殖及血管平滑肌收缩功能的改变,表明外膜可能参与血管重塑及对血管功能的调控。     

Big endothelin-1 level is a useful marker for predicting the presence of isolated coronary artery ectasia

Context: Endothelin-1(ET-1) has been implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD) and may be associated with coronary artery ectasia (CAE).

Objective: To clarify the relationship between big ET-1 and isolated CAE.

Methods: We measured big ET-1 with ELISA in 216 patients (CAE, n?=?72; CAD, n?=?72; normal, n?=?72) and evaluated the link with isolated CAE.

Results: The level of plasma big ET-1 was significantly higher in patients with isolated CAE (p?<?0.001). Big ET-1 was strongly and independently associated with CAE by multivariate analysis (OR 95%CI: 1.026 (1.018–1.034), p?=?0.000).

Conclusions: Big ET-1 may be a useful predictor for the presence of isolated CAE.     

非显微外科手术建立小鼠颈动脉损伤模型

目的：探讨以非显微外科方法建立小鼠颈动脉损伤模型的可能性。方法：60只C57BL/6小鼠随机分成两组（n=30）：传统显微外科手术组和非显微外科手术组。结果：非显微外科手术方法建立颈动脉损伤模型与传统方法相比效果一致,手术成功率相似（P〉0.05）,术后1 d存活率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,且手术时间较短（P〈0.01）。结论：非显微外科手术方法建立小鼠颈动脉损伤模型简单、有效、手术时间稍短,且无需显微外科设备、器械及专业的显微外科手术人员。     

Coronary artery anomalies detected by MSCT-coronary angiography in the adult

Background. Before coronary evaluation by modern imaging techniques was feasible, premorbid diagnoses of coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) were usually made fortuitously by invasive coronary angiography (ICA). However, this technique is limited by its invasive and projectional nature. Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) broadened clinical information by enabling visualisation of the coronary arteries in their anatomical environment. Methods. This case series visualises and reviews anomalous coronary artery from the opposite sinus (ACAOS) and coronary artery fistulae. All CAAs were detected by means of 64-slice dual source computed tomography after 1000 cardiac scans at the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Results. Eight ACAOS cases, one anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) and one congenital aneurysm of an aortic sinus were found. Seven out often detected CAAs were considered malignant whereas three CAAs of the ACAOS type (retroaortic path) were considered benign. Significant coronary artery disease was found in three out of eight ACAOS cases. In one of the ACAOS cases complete evaluation of the anomalous coronary artery was limited by motion artifacts. All five cases of right ACAOS were referred for MSCT because the right coronary artery could not be located by invasive angiography. Conclusion. All CAAs were easy to diagnose because of 3D imaging and high temporal and spatial resolution. High resolution made it possible to not only depict coronary artery abnormalities, but also to quantify luminal and vessel properties such as stenosis grade, aspects of plaque, anomalous vessel length, luminal area ratio and the asymmetry ratio. Because of its comprehensiveness, MSCT can be an effective imaging modality in patients suspected of coronary artery abnormalities caused by coronary artery disease, CAAs, or a combination of both. (Neth Heart J 2008;16:369-75.)     

Low testosterone levels are inversely correlated with carotid artery plaque formation in elderly women

Objective To study the relationship between serum testosterone levels and the plaque formation of the carotid artery in a population-based cohort of independently living healthy women above 60 years of age. Methods Analysis of the healthy elders from a population-based cohort study in 9 communities of Beijing. Carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques were determined ultrasonographically. Serum testosterone levels were measured by immunoassay. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and logistic regression analysis. Results There was an inverse correlation between testosterone and plaque formation in old females（P〈0.01）, while no association was found in males. Female with testosterone levels in the lowest quartile （〈0.49 nmol/L） had more risk of plaque formation（OR=3.805, P〈0.01） after adjusted with age and other traditional factors of atherosclerosis. Conclusion Testosterone concentrations are negatively associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis in old women in Beijing, experimental and prospective studies are needed to determine the possible therapeutic role of testosterone in atherosclerosis.     

脾动脉介入栓塞治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床效果及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨脾动脉介入栓塞治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床效果及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2013年4月到2017年2月在中国人民解放军第九七医院进行急诊治疗的116例外伤性脾破裂患者,根据治疗方法的不同将其分为观察组60例与对照组56例,对照组接受脾脏切除手术,观察组给予脾动脉介入栓塞治疗,记录和比较两组的术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间、术后肛门排便时间、术后肛门排气时间、术中输血量、手术时间与治疗前后CD4~+/CD8~+、CD8~+、CD4~+、CD3~+的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:所有患者都完成治疗并抢救成功,观察组的术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间、术后肛门排便时间、术后肛门排气时间、术中输血量、手术时间都少于对照组(P0.05)。观察组围手术期间的急性肠梗阻、急性胰腺炎、肺炎等并发症发生率为3.33%,对照组为17.86%,观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。术后14天,两组白细胞与血小板含量均显著高于术前1天(P0.05),而观察组血小板含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),但两组白细胞含量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后14天与术后1个月的CD4+/CD8+、CD4+、CD3+值均明显高于对照组(P0.05),两组CD8+对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脾动脉介入栓塞治疗外伤性脾破裂能提高治疗的临床效果,减少术后并发症的发生,促进患者免疫功能的恢复。     

High accumulation of calcium in human uterine artery with aging

To elucidate compositional changes of the rami of the internal iliac artery with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of the calcium content in the uterine, internal pudendal, umbilical, and obturator arteries by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. After an ordinary dissection was finished, the uterine, internal pudendal, umbilical, and obturator arteries were resected from 10 female subjects, and the internal pudendal, umbilical, and obturator arteries were resected from 10 male subjects. The female subjects ranged in age from 52 to 96 yr, and the male subjects ranged in age from 63 to 88 yr. The calcium content in the uterine artery began to increase in the seventies and increased markedly in the nineties. In the internal pudendal artery, the calcium content hardly increased up to the eighties and increased significantly in the nineties. In contrast, the calcium content did not change in both the umbilical and obturator arteries with advancing age. It was found that the average content of calcium was the highest in the uterine artery and decreased in the order internal pudendal, umbilical, and obturator arteries. The average content of calcium in the uterine arteries corresponded to 46-fold the amount of the women's obturartor arteries, in which it was the lowest. In the cases of men, the average content of calcium was higher in the order of the internal pudendal, umbilical, and obturator arteries. Regarding the average content of calcium, the order internal pudendal, umbilical, and obturator arteries of the men was consistent with that of the women.     

不同途径行PCI治疗高龄冠心病患者的临床疗效和安全性比较

目的:比较不同动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗高龄冠心病患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取214例高龄冠心病患者,按动脉途径不同分为对照组(107例)与研究组(107例),对照组行经股动脉PCI(TFI),研究组行经桡动脉PCI(TRI),比较两组的手术情况、手术前后心功能相关指标的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:两组手术成功率、支架置入数量、造影剂用量比较无显著差异(P0.05);研究组动脉穿刺时间、导管插入时间、X线曝光时间均显著长于对照组(P0.05),术后卧床时间、住院时间均显著少于对照组(P0.05)。手术后1 d,两组左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心射血分数(LVEF)较手术前均明显改善,但两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。研究组治疗期间外周血管并发症的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05),但治疗期间及术后6个月心血管不良事件的发生率与对照组间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:经桡动脉途径与股动脉PCI用于治疗高龄冠心病患者对患者心功能的改善作用相当,但经桡动脉行PCI术后卧床时间及住院时间较短,外周血管并发症的发生率较低,安全性更高。     

经桡动脉和股动脉途径PCI治疗高龄冠心病患者的临床效果分析

目的:评价经桡动脉和股动脉途径PCI治疗高龄冠心病患者近期和远期临床效果。方法:选取2007年1月至2012年2月在我院行PCI治疗且年龄≥80岁的冠心病患者237例,按照患者入院PCI治疗途径分为经桡动脉途径组(Ⅰ组,n=114)和经股动脉途径组(Ⅱ组,n=123)。记录和比较两组患者的手术效果、术后卧床时间和住院时间、术后并发症和主要不良心血管事件的发生情况。结果:两组患者置入支架数、支架直径、支架长度、手术时间、对比剂用量、对比剂肾病和手术成功率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组11.4%患者PCI过程中需更改介入路径,发生率显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组患者术后卧床时间和住院时间分别为(4.8±1.4)h和(1.7±1.1)d,均显著短于Ⅱ组患者(P<0.05);Ⅰ组患者血管并发症、围术期TIMI小出血和围术期TIMI大出血的发生率均明显低于Ⅱ组患者(P<0.05);随访12个月和24个月时,两组患者主要不良心血管事件的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:经桡动脉途径行PCI治疗高龄(≥80岁)冠心病患者具有时间短、出血等并发症少的优势,近期效果优于股动脉径路,但远期临床效果与股动脉径路相当。