中国兰科天麻属一新记录种——白点天麻

海南是我国的热带岛屿,植物资源丰富。近年来,在海南省霸王岭国家级自然保护区的野外考察中,发现天麻属(Gastrodia)一新记录种Gastrodia punctata Aver.。该种原为越南特有种,根据拉丁名种加词之意及形态特征将其定名为"白点天麻"。白点天麻具有以下特征:花被筒褐色,被白点,唇瓣具4条肉质脊突,蕊柱基部具明显的镰刀状柱头,易与该属的其它种类相区别。该文中还提供了该种的中文形态描述及彩色图片,并对其分布和保护状况进行了报道。     

Chromosomal aberrations in a fish, Channa punctata after in vivo exposure to three heavy metals

The studies were designed to assess the extent of chromosomal aberrations (CA) under the exposure of three common heavy metalic compounds, viz. mercuric chloride, arsenic trioxide and copper sulphate pentahydrate, in vivo using fish, Channa punctata (2n = 32), as a test model. Prior acclimatized fishes were divided into five groups. Group I and II served as negative and positive control, respectively. An intramuscular injection of Mitomycin-C (@ 1 mg/kg body wt.) was administered to group II only. Fishes of groups III, IV and V were subjected to sublethal concentrations (10% of 96 h LC₅₀), of HgCl₂ (0.081 mg/L), As₂O₃ (6.936 mg/L) and CuSO₄·5H₂O (0.407 mg/L). Fishes of all the groups were exposed uninterrupted for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h. Observations of kidney cells of exposed fishes revealed chromatid and chromosome breaks, chromatid and chromosome gaps along with ring and di-centric chromosomes. A significant increase over negative control in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CA) was observed in fish exposed to Mitomycin-C, Hg(II), As(III) and Cu(II). As the average ± SE total number of CA, average number of CA per metaphase and %incidence of aberrant cells in Hg(II) was 104.40 ± 8.189, 0.347 ± 0.027 and 10.220 ± 0.842, respectively; in As(III) 109.20 ± 8.309, 0.363 ± 0.027 and 10.820 ± 2.347, respectively and in Cu(II) 89.00 ± 19.066, 0.297 ± 0.028 and 8.900 ± 0.853, respectively. Hence, it reveals that the order of induction of frequency of CA was Cu < Hg < As. The findings depict genotoxic potential of these metals even in sublethal concentrations.     

The structure of a juvenile hormone-binding lipophorin from the hemolymph of Diploptera punctata

The high molecular weight, high affinity juvenile hormone binding protein from the hemolymph of Diploptera punctata was identified as a lipophorin by gradient KBr ultracentrifugation and SDS gradient PAGE. This juvenile hormone binding lipophorin (JHBL) was composed of two subunits, apolipoprotein I (230 kDa mol. wt) and apolipoprotein II (80 kDa mol. wt). The density of the native protein was 1.15 g/ml. Photoaffinity labeling using the JH analog [³H]EFDA demonstrated that the JH binding site resides on apolipoprotein I. The amino acid composition of both native lipophorin and its two subunits was determined and the N-terminal sequence of the 80 kDa apolipoprotein described for 19 of the first 21 amino acids. This sequence did not have similarity to any known protein. The N-terminus of the 230 kDa apolipoprotein was blocked. The specificity of a monoclonal antibody to purified native JHBL was also demonstrated. We show that the monoclonal antibody was specific to the 230 kDa subunit and did not recognize the 80 kDa apolipoprotein.     

Speciation of two sympatric coastal fish species, Girella punctata and Girella leonina (Perciformes, Kyphosidae)

Girella punctata and Girella leonina are sympatric sister species showing extensive distributional overlap in shallow rocky reefs in the Pacific Ocean south of the Japanese Islands. Differences between the two species in external morphological characters, such as number of pored lateral line scales, colour of opercular flap and shape of caudal fin, are congruent with genetic divergence. Nucleotide identity between the two species in the 3.3 kbp region of partial mitochondrial DNA containing the D-loop region, in 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA genes is 95%. To estimate divergence time, Bayesian analysis was conducted using a dataset comprising concatenated nucleotide sequences from the two rRNA genes of three girellid and nine other fish species. Using the Elopomorpha – Clupeocephala split (265 million years ago (mya)) as a calibration point, divergence between G. punctata and G. leonina is estimated as having occurred 6.0±1.4 mya. Speciation is suggested to have been caused by geographical isolation associated with formation of the Japanese Islands, which resulted in disjunction of Girella habitat.     

短尾越橘化学成分研究

短尾越橘酒精提取物用乙酸乙酯萃取后依次经氯仿、丙酮、甲醇回流提取,用薄层层析,反复硅胶柱层析,从中分离并鉴定了八个化合物,并用波谱学方法进行了结构鉴定。它们分别为正二十七烷(n-heptaco-sane,Ⅰ),木栓酮(friedelin,Ⅱ),木栓醇(friedelinol,Ⅲ),羽扇豆醇(lupenol,Ⅳ),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅴ),胡萝卜苷(dauosterol,Ⅵ),反式对羟基桂皮酸(trans-p-hydroxy cinamic acid,Ⅶ),莽草酸甲酯(methyl shiki mate,Ⅷ)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅰ,Ⅳ,Ⅷ为首次从该属植物中得到。     

星刺卫矛的化学成分研究

为探究卫矛科卫矛属植物星刺卫矛(Euonymus actinocarpus)的化学成分,该文采用正相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和半制备液相HPLC等色谱技术对其进行分离和纯化。结果表明:(1)从星刺卫矛地上部分95%乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,根据其理化常数和波谱(ESI-MS、¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR)数据鉴定化合物结构为羽扇豆醇(1),蒲公英萜醇(2),表木栓醇(3),槐二醇(4),蒲公英萜酮(5),高粱醇(6),羽扇豆醇乙酸酯(7),木栓酮(8),β-谷甾醇(9),胡萝卜苷(10)。(2)所有化合物均为首次从星刺卫矛中分离得到。(3)星刺卫矛地上部分主要含有三萜和甾体类成分,其中三萜类型以木栓烷型、齐墩果烷型和羽扇豆烷型骨架为主。该研究结果增加了对星刺卫矛物质基础的认识,为开发和利用卫矛属植物资源提供了一定的科学依据。     

Terpenoids constituents of Euphorbia sapinii

The investigation of an acetone extract of whole Euphorbia sapinii led to the isolation of eighteen terpenoids among which lanost-24-en-20-ol-3-tetradecanoate (1), euphorbol-7-one (2) are new while spectroscopic data of 30-nor-hopan-3β-ol-22-one (3) are reported for the first time. The structures of all compounds were determined using 1D, 2D NMR and MS techniques.     

钩枝藤化学成分研究

采用95%乙醇提取,石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取分部,利用反复硅胶柱和凝胶柱色谱进行分离、纯化,根据波谱技术鉴定结构,研究钩枝藤茎中的化学成分。结果发现:分离得到5个已知二氢黄烷类化合物(-)-表儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(1)、3,3',5,5',7-五羟基黄烷(2)、(-)-儿茶素(3)、(-)-表儿茶素(4)、(-)-表没食子酸儿茶素(5)和1个酚类化合物(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚)-1-O-β-D-(6-O-没食子酸)葡萄糖苷(6)。其中化合物1、2、4-6均为首次从该植物分离得到。     

全缘叶紫珠化学成分研究

全缘叶紫珠(Callicarpa integerrima)具有祛风散结和治风湿瘰疬的功效,但目前对其化学成分的报道较少。为探究全缘叶紫珠根、茎的化学成分,该研究利用硅胶柱层析色谱、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶柱层析色谱、ODS反相硅胶柱层析色谱以及高效液相色谱等现代分离方法对全缘叶紫珠根和茎的95%乙醇提取物进行系统的分离纯化,并运用NMR和ESI-MS等现代波谱技术对化合物进行结构鉴定。结果表明:从全缘叶紫珠根和茎的95%乙醇提取物中共鉴定了15个化合物分别为豆甾烷-4-烯-3-酮(1)、(24R)-5α-豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(2)、2''-羟基-4''-甲氧基二氢查尔酮(3)、α-香树脂醇(4)、 β-谷甾醇(5)、熊果酸(6)、对羟基间甲氧基苯甲酸(7)、4-羟基吡啶(8)、对羟基苯甲酸(9)、连翘酯苷B(10)、nepetifosides D(11)、异毛蕊花苷(12)、毛蕊花苷(13)、pedicularioside M(14)、 β-甲氧基连翘酯苷B(15)。除化合物4-6、12和13外,其他化合物均为首次从全缘叶紫珠植物中分离得到,其中化合物1、2、3、8、11和14为首次从紫珠属植物中分离得到。该研究结果丰富了全缘叶紫珠植物的化合物库,为该药用植物的进一步开发利用奠定了科学基础。     

圆叶牵牛化学成分研究

圆叶牵牛植物资源丰富但全草少有研究,对其进行系统的化学成分与生物活性认识很有必要。该文对采自云南大理的圆叶牵牛干燥全草化学成分进行了系统地研究,通过75%乙醇冷浸提取,浸膏以水分散,依次以乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取。结果表明:采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、RP-18等多种材料柱层析结合重结晶等方法,从圆叶牵牛醇提物乙酸乙酯部分分离得到12个单体化合物,运用现代波谱学技术分别鉴定为木栓酮(1),β-木栓烷醇(2),β-香树脂醇(3),α-香树脂醇(4),6β-羟基豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(5),胡萝卜苷(6),β-谷甾醇(7),豆甾醇(8),7-羟基香豆素(9),对香豆酸-对羟基苯乙醇酯(10),山奈酚香豆酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷(11),单棕榈酸甘油酯(12)。化合物2-5、10-12为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

晶帽石斛的化学成分研究

该研究利用硅胶、凝胶、MCI、中压制备色谱(MPLC)和高效液相半制备色谱(semi-HPLC)等方法,对晶帽石斛(Dendrobium crystallinum)进行了化学成分研究。结果表明:提纯、分离共得到10个化合物,经波谱数据分析及与文献数据对照,分别鉴定为石斛酚(1),3,4'-二羟基-5-甲氧基联苄(2),3,4',5-三羟基-3-甲氧基联苄(3),二氢藜芦醇(4),安告佛醇(5),3',5,7-三羟基-4'-甲氧基黄烷酮(6),4',5,7-三羟基-6-甲氧基黄烷酮(7),丁香树脂醇(8),β-谷甾醇(9),β-胡萝卜苷(10)。其中,除化合物2和化合物10以外,其余8个化合物均在该种植物中首次发现。     

Biflavonoid constituents of Campylospermum mannii

Air dried leaves and stem bark of Campylospermum mannii used in the south of Cameroon by the Baka pigmies to remedy heart and stomach disorders have been examined for their photochemical content. Three biflavonoid, amentoflavone, robustaflavone and chamaejasmin were characterized alongside with two new biflavonoids, campylospermones A and B. The structures of isolated compounds were established from complete analysis of their spectroscopic data (MS, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR). These results place the Ochnaceae family among the sources of the rare class of 5-deoxyflavonoids.     

Pterocarpanoid constituents of Swartzia leiocalycina

The proposed structure for leiocalycin from Swartzia leiocalycina has been confirmed by degradation and partial synthesis. Co-occurring with the pterocarp-6a-en are two new coumestones, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-11,12-methylenedioxycoumestone and 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-11,12-methylenedioxycoumestone and the known 6aR,11aR-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan.     

猫须草抗炎活性成分研究

为了研究猫须草(Clerodendranthus spicatus)抗炎活性成分,该研究采用活性追踪的方法,利用硅胶、MCI柱色谱以及HPLC等分离技术,对猫须草抗炎活性部位进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据分析和文献比对鉴定化合物结构,并利用LPS诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型进行抗炎活性评价。结果表明:(1)从猫须草抗炎活性部位分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为泡桐素(1)、鼠尾草素(2)、对苯二甲酸二辛酯(3)、N-(N-苯甲酰基-L-苯丙酰基)-L-苯基丙醇(4)、fragransin B₁(5)、6,7,8,4''-四甲氧基黄酮(6)、N-反式-阿魏酰酪胺(7)、N-顺式-阿魏酰酪胺(8)、trans-N-cinnamoyltyramine(9)、新海胆灵 A(10),其中化合物1、4、8-10为首次从该植物中分离得到。(2)抗炎结果显示,猫须草抗炎活性成分主要存在于中低极性部位,从中分离得到的大部分化合物显示出一定的NO生成抑制活性,其中酰胺类成分(7-9)均具有较好的抗炎活性,表明该类成分是猫须草抗炎作用的主要成分之一。该研究丰富了猫须草抗炎物质基础,为其开发利用提供科学依据。     

苦玄参的化学成分研究

对广西传统的抗菌消炎药用植物苦玄参进行了化学成分研究,采用柱色谱进行分离纯化,运用波谱法进行了结构解析,共鉴定得到7个化合物。它们分别为:芹菜素(1)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖酸(2)、芹菜素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酸(3)、迷迭香酸(4)、苦玄参苷Ⅳ(5)、苦玄参苷Ⅹ(6)、阿克替苷(7)。其中化合物2、3、4为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

肾蕨的化学成分研究

从肾蕨乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,根据理化和光谱分析,鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、羊齿-9(11)-烯(2)、齐墩果酸(3)、肉豆蔻酸十八烷基酯(4)、正三十一烷酸(5)和正三十烷醇(6),化合物3～6为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

圆叶节节菜的化学成分研究

从圆叶节节菜地上部分乙酸乙酯层中分离得到8个化合物,经波谱学方法分别鉴定为pomolic acid 3β-acetate(1),7-oxo-β-sitosterol(2),6β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one(3),esculetin(4),phyllemblin(5),1,2-O-di-galloylglycerol(6),apigenin(7),quercetin(8),以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物(6)在GK,SIRT1激动活性及DPPIV,11β-HSD抑制活性等抗糖尿病体外活性测试中均无明显的活性。     

光叶兔儿风的化学成分研究

利用正反相硅胶、凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)等多种柱色谱法,对光叶兔儿风化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果表明:已分离得到17个化合物,分别鉴定为蒲公英甾醇乙酸酯(1),三十二碳烯(2),β-谷甾醇(3),大黄酚(4),扇醇棕榈酸酯(5),亚麻酸甲酯(6),亚油酸(7),植物醇(8),[24S]-豆甾-4烯-3-酮(9),植物烯醛(10),白桦脂酸(11),13-羰基-十八碳二烯酸(12),E-7,9-11-羰基-棕榈酸(13),蒲公英酸(14),3β-羟基-胆甾-5-烯(15),环氧树脂烯(16),28-O-月桂酸酯白桦醇(17)。化合物1～17均为首次从该植物中分离得到。