中国东北蒿属龙蒿组植物核型研究

报道了东北蒿属龙蒿组１０个各植物的核型。核型公式分别为：龙蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ ｄｒａｃｕｎｃｕｌｕｓ．Ｌ．）（２ｎ）＝４ｘ＝３６＝２８ｍ＋８ｓｍ;猪毛蒿（Ａ．ｓｃｏｐａｒｉａ Ｗａｌｄｓｔ．ｅｔ Ｋｉｔ．（２ｎ）＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋４ｓｍ;盐蒿（Ａ．ｈａｌｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ Ｔｕｒｃｚ．ｅｘ Ｂｅｓｓ．）（２ｎ）＝４ｘ＝３６＝３０ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;光沙蒿（Ａ．ｏｘｙｃｅｐｈａｌａ Ｋｉｔａｇ     

东北蒿属莳萝蒿组6种植物核型研究

报道东北蒿属莳萝蒿组６种植物的染色体数,５种为首次报道,对其中的５种进行了核型分析。核型公式分别为：大籽蒿２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１８＝１４ｍ＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ（ＳＡＴ）;矮滨蒿（Ａ．ｎａｋａｉ Ｐａｍｐ）２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋４ｓｍ;碱蒿（Ａ．ａｎｅｔｈｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｗｅｂ．ｅｘ Ｓｔｅｃｈｍ．）２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;莳萝蒿（Ａ．ａｎｅｔｈｏｉｄｅｓ Ｍａｔｔｆ）２ｎ＝２ｘ     

东北柴胡属细胞分类学研究I.6种柴胡的核型分析

本文报告了国产６种柴胡的核型,发现在肇东五里木存在一种与日本产三岛柴胡Ｂ．ｆａｌｃａｔｕｍ具有相同核型特征的柴胡,暂称其五里木居群。柞柴胡Ｂ． ｋｏｍａｒｏｖｉａｎｕｍ Ｌｉｎｃｚ． ２ｎ＝８＝２ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．红柴胡Ｂ． ｓｃｏｒｚｏｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ Ｗｉｌｌｄ．２ｎ＝１２＝１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ。北柴胡Ｂ． ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ ＤＣ． ２ｎ＝２４＝１４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．     

国产稗属植物的细胞学研究

对国产７种（含变种）稗属Ｅｃｈｉｎｏｃｈｌｏａ植物的细胞学进行了初步研究。９个供试材料的体细胞分别表现两种染色体数目２ｎ为３６或５４。除光头稗Ｅ．ｃｏｌｏｎｕｍＬ外,分析了其余种的核型,其结果为：稗Ｅ．ｃｒｕｓ．ｖａｒ．ｃｒｕｓｇａｌｌｉ２ｎ＝５４＝５８ｍ＋６ｓｍ;西来稗Ｅ．ｃｒｕｓ．ｖａｒ．ｚｅｌａｙｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｈ．Ｂ．Ｋ．）Ｈｉｔｃｈｃ ２ｎ＝５４＝４２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）;     

东北柴胡属细胞分类学研究Ⅰ．6种柴胡的核型分析

本文报道了国产６种柴胡的核型,发现在肇东五里木存在一种与日本产三岛柴胡Ｂ．ｆａｌｃａｔｕｍ具有相同核型特征的柴胡,暂称其五里木居群。柞柴胡Ｂ．ｋｏｍａｒｏｖｉａｎｕｍＬｉｎｃｚ．２ｎ＝８＝２ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．红柴胡Ｂｓｃｏｒｚｏｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕ,Ｗｉｌｌｄ．２ｎ＝１２＝１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ．北柴胡ＢｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＤＣ．２ｎ＝２４＝１４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．锥叶柴胡Ｂ．ｂｉｃａｕｌｅＨｅｌｍ２ｎ＝３２＝２０ｍ＋１２ｓｍ．大叶柴胡Ｂ．ｌｏｎｇｉｒａｄｉａｔｕｍＴｕｒｃｚ．２ｎ＝１２＝１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ五里木居群２ｎ＝２６＝１６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）文章最后根据核型特征分析了东北地区各种柴胡间的演化关系．     

东北产苍术属植物的细胞学研究

报导了中国东北产三种苍术属植物的核型资料,核型公式分别为;北苍术「Ａｔｒａｃｔｙｌｏｄｅｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（ＤＣ．）Ｋｏｉｄｚ．」Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝１２ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ（４ＳＡＴ）,关苍术「Ａ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ Ｋｏｉｄｚ．」（２ｎ）＝２４＝１４ｍ＋１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）朝鲜苍术「Ａ．ｋｏｒｅａｎａ（Ｎａｋａｉ）Ｋｉｔａｍ．」Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝１０ｍ＋１４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）,三者核型对称性均为２Ｂ     

披碱草属3个种的核型研究

首次报道了我国青藏高原３种披碱草属植物的核型,即短荒披碱草核型为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）,属２Ａ类型无芳芒披碱草,核型为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３０ｍ＋１２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）,属２Ａ类型;硕穗披碱草,核型为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）,属２Ｂ类型。     

东北地区野豌豆属VICIA L.物种生物学研究Ⅶ.歪头菜及其近缘种核…

本文报道了歪头菜Ｖ．ｕｎｉｊｕｇａ Ａ．Ｂｒ．及其近缘种Ｖ．ｂｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｎａｋａｉ的核型。歪头菜．ｕｎｉｊｕｇａ Ａ．Ｂｒ．２ｎ＝２４＝８ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ和２ｎ＝１２＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ．Ｖ．ｂｉｆｌｏｉａ Ｎａｋａｉ;２ｎ＝１２＝４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ．核型分析表明四倍体细胞型是一个同源多倍体。     

五种珍珠菜的核型研究

本文对５种珍珠菜亚属植物进行了染色体数目及核型研究。其中瓣珍珠菜２ｎ＝２４＝１２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）、黑腺珍珠菜２ｎ＝２２＝２ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ＋１０ｔ、泽珍珠菜２ｎ＝２４＝１４ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｔ和小叶珍珠菜２ｎ＝４８＝３４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ的染色体数目及核型为首次报道。中国九江产的红根草核型２ｎ＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）与日本产的核型２ｎ＝２４＝１８ｍ（１ＳＡＴ）     

山东四种草本植物的核型研究

本文对山东４种草本植物进行了染色体研究。结果表明：阿尔泰狗哇花（Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｐａｐｐｕｓａｌ ｔａｉｃｕｓ（Ｗｉｌｄ）Ｎａｖｏｐｏｋｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３６ｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;求米草（Ｏｐｌｉｓｍｅｎｕｓｕｎｄｕｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ（Ａｒｄｕｉｎｏ）ＲｏｅｍｅｔＳｃｈｕｌｔ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１２,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝８ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;红秋葵（Ｈｉｂｉｓｃｕｓｃｏｃｉｎｅｕｓ（Ｍｅｄｉｃ）Ｗａｌｔ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３８,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３８＝１４ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,核型“２Ｂ”型;蟋蟀草（Ｅｌｅｕｓｉｎｅｉｎｄｉｃａ（Ｌ）Ｇａｅｒｔｎ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１８,核型公式为ｋ（２ｎ）＝１８＝１６ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型。     

东北蒿属艾组12种植物核型研究

报道东北蒿属艾组12种植物的染色体数及核型资料,结果如下：宽叶山蒿（Artemisia stolonifera (Maixm.)Komar.)2n=4x=36=28m 4sm(4SAT) 4st(4SAT);野艾蒿（A.lavandulaefolia DC)2n=2x=50=40m 4sm 6st(6SAT); 矮蒿（A.lancea Van.)2n=2x=16=10m 4sm 2st;蒙古蒿（A.mongolica (fisch.ex Bess.)Nakai]2n=2x=16=14m 2st;红足蒿（A.rubripes Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;歧茎蒿（A.igniaria Maixm.)2n=2x=34=28m 2sm 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿（A.integrifolia Linn.)2n=4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿（A.subula 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿（A.integrifolia Linn.)2n＝4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿（A.subulata Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;高岭蒿（A.brachyphylla Kitam.)2n=2x=18=14m 2sm 2st;林文稿[A.uiridissima(Komar.)Pamp.]2n=2x=18=14m 4sm;奄癌（A.keiskeana Miq.)2n=2x=18=16m 2sm;阴地蒿（A.sylvatica Maxim.)2n=2x=16=14m 2sm,核型对称性野艾蒿（A.lavandulaefolia)为2B型,其余均为2A型,依据核型资料对个别种的演化 分类进行了初步探讨。     

我国11种披碱草的核型研究

本文报道了中国产的11种披碱草属植物的核型,其中9种为首次报道。结果如下:老芒麦2n=4x=28=24m+4sm(2SAT);披碱草2n=6x=42=36m(2SAT)+6sm(4SAT);青紫披碱草2n=6x=42=32m+10sm(4SAT);垂穗披碱草2n=6x=42=34m+8sm(2SAT);圆柱披碱草2n=6x=42=32m+10sm(2SAT);短芒披碱草2n=6x=42=30m+12sm(4SAT);黑紫披碱草2n=6x=42=36m(6SAT)_1+6sm;毛披碱草2n=6x=42=30m+12sm(6SAT);紫芒披碱草2n=6x=42=22m=12sm(2SAT)+8st(4SAT);肥披碱草2n=6x=42=34m(2SAT)+6sm(4SAT)+2st;麦(?)草2n=6x=42=30m(4SAT)+12sm(2SAT)。     

A Cytological Study of Fifteen Species in Six Genera of Liliaceae from Yunnan

Fifteen species in six genera of the family Liliaceae were karyomorphologically studied. They share the complex chromocenter type of the resting nuclei and the interstitial type of the prophase chromosomes in somatic cells except that Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey is of the densely diffuse type and gradient type respectively. Their karyotype formulas are listed as follows: Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey, 2n= 14=8m+4sm+2st (2SAT), belongs to 2A type; Smilacina henryi (Baker) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=12m+16sm+6st+2t (2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina fusca Wall., 2n = 36= 14m (2SAT) + 12sm+ 10st(2SAT), 2B type; Smilacinata tsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n= 36=22m +2sm+ 2st(2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina atropurpurea ( Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=18m+6sm(2SAT) +12st, 2C type: Polygonatum kingianum Coll, et Hesml., 2n=30= 12m(2SAT) +6sm+ lst+2t, 2C type; Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royal, 2n=30= 10m+4sm+ 12st+4t, 3C type; Polygonatum curvistylum Hua, 2n=78=24m (2SAT)+ 14sm (6SAT)+40st, 3C type; Polygonatum cathcartii Baker, 2n = 32 = 12m + 6sm + 10st+ 2t + 2Bs, 2C type; Lilium henricii Franch., 2n = 24 = 2m(2SAT) + 2sm + 10st+ 10t, 3A type; Lilium bakerianum Coll. et Hesml. var. rubrum Stearn, 2n=24=4m ( 2SAT) +10st+ 10t (2SAT), 3A type; Nomocharis bilouensis Liang, 2n= 24= 2m (2SAT) +2sm+ 12st+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis pardanthina Franch., 2n= 24=4m (2SAT)+12st (2SAT)+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis sauluensis Balf. f., 2n=24=4m(2SAT) +10st (2SAT) + 10t, 3B type; Notholirion campanulatum Cotton et Stearn 2n = 24 = 2m (2SAT) + 2sm + 14st(2SAT ) + 6t, 3A type.     

7种绢蒿属植物染色体数目和核型研究

首次报道了中国绢蒿属[Seriphidium (Bess.) Poljak.]7种植物的染色体数目和核型,其核型公式分别为:西北绢蒿[S.nitrosum (Web.ex Stechm.) Poljak.]2n=2x=18=6m(2SAT)+8sm +2st+2T;沙漠绢蒿[S.santolinum (Schrenk) Poljak.]2n=2x=18=14m+4sm;博洛塔绢蒿[S.borotalense (Poljak.) Ling et Y.R.Ling]2n=2x=18=2M+14m+2sm;新疆绢蒿[S.kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak.]2n=2x=18=8m(2SAT)+10sm(2SAT);纤细绢蒿[S.gracilescens (Krasch.et Iljin) Poljak.]2n=2x=18=4m+14sm(2SAT);三裂叶绢蒿[S.junceum (Kar.et Kir.) Poljak.]2n=2x=18=10m+4sm+4st;民勤绢蒿[S.minchünensa Y.R.Ling]2n=2x=18=12m+6sm.结果表明,7种绢蒿植物中,博洛塔绢蒿最原始,西北绢蒿最进化.     

Karyotype Analysis of Eight Species of Polygonatum Mill.

Meiosis and mitosis of eight species of Polygonatum from Sichuan, China, were investigated. Ten bivalents (n=10) at meiosis of pollen mother cells were observed ih P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce. Meiotic observation on pollen mother cells in P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth shows 16 bivalents (n=16) at diakinesis, P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. 13 bivalents (n=13) at diakinesis. P. zanlanscianense Pamp. 15 bivalents (n=15) in MI, P. cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle 28 bivalents at diakinesis. Somatic chromosomes were observed in root tip cells. The karyotype formulae are as follows: P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce K(2n)=20=4st+6sm+10m; P. cyrtonema Hua K(2n)=20=6sm+14m; P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth K(2n)=32=2t+8st+ 2sm+20m; P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. K(2n)=26=8st(2SAT)+14sm+4m; P. alternicirrhosum Hand.-Mzt. K(2n)=32=6st+8sm+18m(2SAT); P. zanlanscianense Pamp. K(2n)=30= 2t+6st+6sm+16m(2SAT); P. sibiricum Delar. ex Redouté K(2n)=24=2t+14st(2SAT)+6sm +2m; P. cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle K(2n)=56=18st+10sm+28m. The karyotypes of P. punctatum, P. kingianum, P. alternicirrhosum and P. cirrhifolium are reported for the first time. Both the chromosome number and structure in our materials are certainly different from thoses in previous reports. Of numerical variation polyploidy and aneuploidy have been recorded, and aneuploidy is frequent. According to degree of asymmetry of the karyotype, the 8 species are divided into three types: 2B, 3B, 2C. The increasing asymmetry is correlated with the increasing of the chromosome number. There are no obvious differences in chromosome number and karyotype between Alternifolia Baker and Verticillate Baker. They are not two natural groups. This opinion is different from that of Therman and Suomalainen.     

中国东北蒿属龙蒿组植物核型研究

报道了东北蒿属龙蒿组10个分类群植物的核型。核型公式分别为:龙蒿(Artemisia dracunculus L.)(2n)=4x=36=28m+8sm;猪毛蒿(A. scoparia Waldst.et Kit.(2n)=2x=16=12m+4sm;盐蒿(A. halodendron Turcz.ex Bess.)(2n)=4x=36=30m+4sm+2st;光沙蒿(A. oxycephala Kitag. var. oxycephala)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;兴凯光沙蒿(A. oxycephala Kitag. var. xingkaiensis G.Y.Zhang)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;山海光沙蒿(A. oxycephala Kitag. var. shanhaiensis G.Y.Zhang)(2n)=4x=36=2M+28m+4sm+2st;太阳光沙蒿(A. oxycephala Kitag. var. taiyangensis G.Y.Zhang)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;柔毛蒿(A. pubescens Ledeb. var. pubescens)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;大头柔毛蒿(A. pubescens Ledeb. var. gebleriana(Bess.)Y.R.Lin)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;塔河柔毛蒿(A. pubescens Ledeb. var. taheensis G.Y.Zhang)(2n)=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st;核型类型均为2A型。     

鹅观草属5种植物的核型研究

本文首次对我国5种鹅观草属Roegneria植物的核型进行了分析。5个种的染色体数目均为2n=4x=28。它们的核型是:高株鹅观草 R.altissima,2n=4x=28=26m+2sm(SAT);假花鳞草 R.anthosachnoides,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);长芒鹅观草 R.dolichathera,2 n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT);林地鹅观草 R.sylva-tica,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);多变鹅观草R.varia,2n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT)。它们的核型均属2A型,每种植物均有一对随体染色体。     

中国山茶属4种2变种核型研究

本文采用去壁低渗法研究了我国山茶属植物4种2变种的核型。根据Levan等的命名系统,各个种的核型可简式为大理茶2n=20m+2m(SAT)+8sm;勐腊茶2n=20m+2m(SAT)+6sm+2sm(SAT);德宏茶2n=20m+8sm+2sm(SAT);苦茶2n=20m+9sm+1sm(SAT);茶2n=18m+2m(SAT)+12sm;白毛茶2n=18m十2m(SAT)+9sm+1sm(SAT)。这些种都是二倍体种(2n=2x=30),未发现多倍体。在勐腊茶核型中发现2个超数染色体(B-chromosome)。核型的不对称性表明,这些种均属于Stebbins核型分类的2A型核型。这些种在“随体数目和位置,最长染色体与最短染色体之比,臂比大于2:1的染色体比例,着丝点端化值,染色体绝对长度”方面的变异是清楚易见的。核型的变异表明,这些种的染色体进化顺序为大理茶—→勐腊茶—→德宏茶—→普洱茶—→白毛茶—→苦茶—→茶。这一结果与张宏达提出的山茶属植物的分类系统基木吻合。本文还讨论了山茶属植物核型的杂合性和多态性。本文中勐腊茶、德宏茶、苦茶的染色体数目和核型及大理茶的核型为首次报道。