Cloning and molecular analysis of cDNA encoding a carboxymethylcellulase of the yeast Cryptococcus flavus.

A cDNA copy for carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase 1) of the yeast Cryptococcus flavus was cloned by screening an expression cDNA library with anti-CMCase 1 antibody. The sequence of the cDNA had an open reading frame of 1023 bp that encoded a preprotein of 341 amino acids with a molecular weight of 35,698. The putative precursor begins with a hydrophobic segment that possibly acts as a signal sequence for secretion, which is followed by a presumed prosequence and a sequence consistent with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of secreted CMCase 1. No potential N-glycosylation site was found in the sequence of putative pro-CMCase 1. Comparison of the deduced protein sequence shows that the C. flavus CMCase 1 is partially homologous to the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase EGIII. Alignment of the cDNA copy and the chromosomal DNA showed seven putative introns of 45 to 134 bp. When introduced into E. coli, the cDNA directed the synthesis of CMCase 1 as seen by CMCase activity and Western blotting using anti-CMCase 1 antibody.     

Human lysosomal acid phosphatase: cloning, expression and chromosomal assignment.

A 2112-bp cDNA clone (lambda CT29) encoding the entire sequence of the human lysosomal acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) was isolated from a lambda gt11 human placenta cDNA library. The cDNA hybridized with a 2.3-kb mRNA from human liver and HL-60 promyelocytes. The gene for lysosomal acid phosphatase was localized to human chromosome 11. The cDNA includes a 12-bp 5' non-coding region, an open reading frame of 1269 bp and an 831-bp 3' non-coding region with a putative polyadenylation signal 25 bp upstream of a 3' poly(A) tract. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals a putative signal sequence of 30 amino acids followed by a sequence of 393 amino acids that contains eight potential glycosylation sites and a hydrophobic region, which could function as a transmembrane domain. A 60% homology between the known 23 N-terminal amino acid residues of human prostatic acid phosphatase and the N-terminal sequence of lysosomal acid phosphatase suggests an evolutionary link between these two phosphatases. Insertion of the cDNA into the expression vector pSVL yielded a construct that encoded enzymatically active acid phosphatase in transfected monkey COS cells.     

中华蜜蜂DNA甲基化转移酶Dnmt3基因克隆及表达谱分析

为探究中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana的DNA甲基化模式, 本研究采用RT PCR技术克隆了中华蜜蜂DNA甲基化转移酶3（Dnmt3）基因(GenBank登录号为JQ740768); 采用荧光定量PCR检测不同发育时期工蜂（4日龄蛹, 1, 7和30日龄成年蜂及产卵工蜂）和蜂王（4日龄蛹, 1日龄蜂王和产卵蜂王）头部的Dnmt3基因mRNA的表达量。结果表明： 该基因cDNA序列全长2 277 bp, 编码758个氨基酸残基, 预测的蛋白分子量为88.24 kD, 等电点为7.85。将中华蜜蜂与其他物种的Dnmt3基因的结构域进行比对, 同时将该基因推导的氨基酸序列与其他物种的Dnmt3氨基酸序列进行同源性比对和系统发育分析, 发现与西方蜜蜂的Dnmt3序列一致性高达99%。该基因在工蜂和蜂王不同发育时期均有表达, 1日龄工蜂与7日龄工蜂中没有显著差异(P>0.05), 30日龄工蜂中的表达量显著高于前两者 (P<0.05); 蜂王蛹中的表达量显著高于工蜂蛹 (P<0.05); 1日龄的蜂王中的表达量显著高于1日龄的工蜂(P<0.05); 产卵工蜂与产卵蜂王中的表达量没有差异（P>0.05）。这种表达情况提示其可能与工蜂劳动分工及蜜蜂卵巢发育有关。     

Cloning and Molecular Analysis of cDNA Encoding a Carboxymethylcellulase of the Yeast Cryptococcus flavus

A cDNA copy for carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase 1) of the yeast Cryptococcus flavus was cloned by screening an expression cDNA library with anti-CMCase 1 antibody. The sequence of the cDNA had an open reading frame of 1023 bp that encoded a preprotein of 341 amino acids with a molecular weight of 35,698. The putative precursor begins with a hydrophobic segment that possibly acts as a signal sequence for secretion, which is followed by a presumed prosequence and a sequence consistent with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of secreted CMCase 1. No potential N-glycosylation site was found in the sequence of putative pro-CMCase 1. Comparison of the deduced protein sequence shows that the C. flavus CMCase 1 is partially homologous to the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase EGIII. Alignment of the cDNA copy and the chromosomal DNA showed seven putative introns of 45 to 134 bp. When introduced into E. coli, the cDNA directed the synthesis of CMCase 1 as seen by CMCase activity and Western blotting using anti-CMCase 1 antibody.     

Characterization of Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) Chloroplast EF-Tu cDNA

A geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) chloroplast translational elongation factor EF-Tu (tufA) cDNA was isolated. The geranium tufA cDNA is 1,584 bp long with 20 bp of 5 untranslated region (UTR) and 139 bp of 3 UTR. It encodes 474 amino acids including a putative chloroplast transit peptide of 65 amino acids. The deduced polypeptides of the geranium tufA cDNA contains four GTP binding sequences in its N-terminal region and two chloroplast EF-Tu signature regions in the C-terminal region. The predicted molecular weight of the mature geranium chloroplast EF-Tu protein was about 45,000 and its amino acid sequence identity with the chloroplast EF-Tu proteins of tobacco, pea, Arabidopsis, rice, and soybean ranges from 85% to 91%. The geranium tufA appears to exist as a single copy gene like Arabidopsis and rice, whereas other known dicot plants have more than one copy in their nuclear genomes.     

Isolation of a cDNA encoding a 31-kDa, pathogenesis-related 5/thaumatin-like (PR5/TL) protein abundantly expressed in apple fruit (Nalus domestica cv. Fuji)

A fruit-specific and pathogenesis-related 5/thaumatin-like (PR5/TL), 31-kDa protein was isolated by 2D-PAGE from fully-grown apples (Malus domestica cv. Fuji) and named Mdtl1 (Malus domestica thaumatin-like protein 1). Using the N-terminal sequence of the protein, the full-length cDNA encoding Mdtll was isolated. The cDNA clone (Mdtl1) consists of 944 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 744 bp encoding a protein of 247 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of Mdtl1 shows high similarity to the sequences of PR5/TL proteins. Mdtl1 is a slightly acidic protein with a putative signal peptide and a putative N-glycosylation site, and lacks a C-terminal extension. This suggests that Mdtl1 is an apoplastic glycoprotein. Results of northern blotting indicated that expressions of Mdtl1 are developmentally regulated. Southern blot analysis showed that Mdtl1 may be present as a single copy, and there exist other genes closely related to Mdtl1 in the apple genome.     

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of a serine protease with clip-domain homologue from scallop Chlamys farreri

Serine proteases play critical roles in a variety of invertebrate immune defense responses, including hemolymph coagulation, antimicrobial peptide synthesis, and melanization. The first mollusk serine protease with clip-domain (designated CFSP1) cDNA was obtained from the scallop Chlamys farreri challenged with Vibrio anguillarum by randomly sequencing a whole tissue cDNA library and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of the C. farreri serine protease was 1211bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 72bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 77bp with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame of 1062bp. The CFSP1 cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 354 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids and a mature protein of 335 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of CFSP1 contained an amino-terminal clip domain, a low complexity region, and a carboxyl-terminal serine protease domain. CFSP1 mRNA was mainly expressed constitutively in the hemocytes and was up-regulated and increased 2.9- and 1.9-fold at 16h after injury and injection of bacteria.     

Pheromone 4 gene of Euplotes octocarinatus.

We have cloned and sequenced a 1.7 kb macronuclear chromosome encoding the pheromone 4 gene of Euplotes octocarinatus. The sequence of the secreted pheromone is preceded by a 42 amino acid leader peptide, which ends with a lysine residue. The sequence coding for the leader peptide contains information for a putative signal peptide and is interrupted by a 772 bp intron as shown by comparison with a cDNA clone. A 64 bp intron and a 145 bp intron interrupt the sequence coding for the secreted pheromone. The three introns contain typical 5' and 3' splice junctions and a putative branch point site. The small introns have a low GC content. The large intron has a GC content similar to that of the pheromone 4 gene exons. The amino acid sequence of pheromone 4, deduced from both the genomic DNA and the cDNA of pheromone 4, shows that the secreted pheromone consists of 85 amino acids. One of its amino acids is encoded by a UGA codon. Since it has been shown for pheromone 3 of E. octocarinatus that UGA is translated as cysteine, it is assumed that the UGA codon encodes cysteine in pheromone 4 as well. The 164 bp noncoding region upstream of the leader peptide is AT-rich and contains an inverted repeat capable of forming a stem-loop structure with a stem of 11 bp. The 151 bp noncoding region at the 3' end of the chromosome contains a putative polyadenylation sequence and an inverted repeat. The macronuclear molecule is flanked by telomeres and carries the pentanucleotide motif TTGAA, located at a distance of 17 nucleotides from the telomeres. This motif has been suggested to be involved in the formation of macronuclear chromosomes.     

Cloning, sequencing and expression of cDNA encoding growth hormone from Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

A tissue-specific cDNA library was constructed using polyA⁺ RNA from pituitary glands of the Indian catfishHeteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and a cDNA clone encoding growth hormone (GH) was isolated. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers representing the conserved regions of fish GH sequences the 3′ region of catfish GH cDNA (540 bp) was cloned by random amplification of cDNA ends and the clone was used as a probe to isolate recombinant phages carrying the full-length cDNA sequence. The full-length cDNA clone is 1132 bp in length, coding for an open reading frame (ORF) of 603 bp; the reading frame encodes a putative polypeptide of 200 amino acids including the signal sequence of 22 amino acids. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the cDNA are 58 bp and 456 bp long, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence ofH. fossils GH shared 98% homology with other catfishes. Mature GH protein was efficiently expressed in bacterial and zebrafish systems using appropriate expression vectors. The successful expression of the cloned GH cDNA of catfish confirms the functional viability of the clone.     

水稻乙醛脱氢酶基因的克隆及其在不育系中的表达

从水稻中分离了乙醛脱氢酶基因 (Osaldh)的全长cDNA ,序列分析显示OsaldhcDNA含有一个完整的编码 5 49个氨基酸的开放阅读框 ,其编码蛋白OSALDH的N端为预期的线粒体前导肽 ,中部具有醛类脱氢酶基因家族的酶催化活性中心 ,OSALDH与玉米、烟草、人类的线粒体乙醛脱氢酶同源性分别高达 87%、77%、5 9%。Northern分析显示 ,幼根中Osaldh的表达水平高于幼苗、幼穗 ,不育品种幼穗中Osaldh的转录水平普遍高于对应的可育恢复系。植物线粒体乙醛脱氢酶的功能及其与雄性不育的关系值得进一步研究     

Cloning, sequence, and developmental expression of a type 5, tartrate-resistant, acid phosphatase of rat bone.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a characteristic constituent of osteoclasts and some mononuclear preosteoclasts and, therefore, used as a histochemical and biochemical marker for osteoclasts and bone resorption. We now report the isolation of a 1397-base pair (bp) full-length TRAP/tartrate-resistant acid ATPase (TrATPase) cDNA clone from a neonatal rat calvaria lambda gt11 cDNA library. The cDNA clone consists of a 92-bp untranslated 5'-flank, an open reading frame of 981 bp and a 324-bp untranslated 3'-poly(A)-containing region. The deduced protein sequence of 327 amino acids contains a putative cleavable signal sequence of 21 amino acids. The mature polypeptide of 306 amino acids has a calculated Mr of 34,350 Da and a pI of 9.18, and it contains two potential N-glycosylation sites and the lysosomal targeting sequence DKRFQ. At the protein level, the sequence displays 89-94% homology to TRAP enzymes from human placenta, beef spleen, and uteroferrin and identity to the N terminus of purified rat bone TRAP/TrATPase. An N-terminal amino acid segment is strikingly homologous to the corresponding region in lysosomal and prostatic acid phosphatases. The cDNA recognized a 1.5-kilobase mRNA in long bones and calvaria, and in vitro translation using, as template, mRNA transcribed from the full-length insert yielded an immunoprecipitated product of 34 kDa. In neonatal rats, TRAP/TrATPase mRNA was highly expressed in skeletal tissues, with much lower (less than 10%) levels detected in spleen, thymus, liver, skin, brain, kidney, brain, lung, and heart. In situ hybridization demonstrated specific labeling of osteoclasts at endostal surfaces and bone trabeculae of long bones. Thus, despite the apparent similarity of this osteoclastic TRAP/TrATPase with type 5, tartrate-resistant and purple, acid phosphatases expressed in other mammalian tissues, this gene appears to be preferentially expressed at skeletal sites.     

Molecular cloning of cDNA for trehalase from the European honeybee, Apis mellifera L., and its heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris

cDNA encoding the bound type trehalase of the European honeybee was cloned. The cDNA (3,001 bp) contained the long 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 869 bp, and the 3' UTR of 251 bp including a poly(A) tail, and the open reading frame of 1,881 bp consisting of 626 amino acid residues. The Mr of the mature enzyme comprised of 591 amino acids, excluded a signal sequence of 35 amino acid residues, was 69,177. Six peptide sequences analyzed were all found in the deduced amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence exhibited high identity with trehalases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 37. A putative transmembrane region similar to trehalase-2 of the silkworm was found in the C-terminal amino acid sequence. Recombinant enzyme of the trehalase was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as host, and displayed properties identical to those of the native enzyme except for higher sugar chain contents. This is the first report of heterologous expression of insect trehalase.     

Molecular Cloning of cDNA for Trehalase from the European Honeybee,Apis mellifera L., and Its Heterologous Expression in Pichia pastoris

cDNA encoding the bound type trehalase of the European honeybee was cloned. The cDNA (3,001 bp) contained the long 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of 869 bp, and the 3′ UTR of 251 bp including a poly(A) tail, and the open reading frame of 1,881 bp consisting of 626 amino acid residues. The M _r of the mature enzyme comprised of 591 amino acids, excluded a signal sequence of 35 amino acid residues, was 69,177. Six peptide sequences analyzed were all found in the deduced amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence exhibited high identity with trehalases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 37. A putative transmembrane region similar to trehalase-2 of the silkworm was found in the C-terminal amino acid sequence. Recombinant enzyme of the trehalase was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as host, and displayed properties identical to those of the native enzyme except for higher sugar chain contents. This is the first report of heterologous expression of insect trehalase.     

Hamster cytochrome P-450 IA gene family, P-450IA1 and P-450IA2 in lung and liver: cDNA cloning and sequence analysis.

Two cDNA clones, 2C19 and 4C1, were isolated from a lung cDNA library of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated hamster by using rat P-450c cDNA as a probe. The cDNA determined from 2C19 and 4C1 was 2,916 bp long and contained an entire coding region for 524 amino acids with a molecular weight of 59,408. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a 85% identity with that of rat P-450c indicating 2C19 and 4C1 encode the hamster P-450IA1 protein. Another cDNA clone, designated H28, was isolated from a MC-induced hamster liver cDNA library by using the hamster lung 2C19 or 4C1 cDNA clone as a probe. H28 was 1,876 bp long and encoded a polypeptide of 513 amino acids with a molecular weight of 58,079. The N-terminal 20 residues deduced from nucleotide sequence of H28 were identical to those determined by sequence analysis of purified hamster hepatic P-450MCI. The high similarity of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between H28 and P-450IA2 of other species indicated that H28 encoded a P-450 protein which belongs to the P-450IA2 family. Northern blot analysis revealed that the mRNAs for hamster P-450IA1 and IA2 were about 2.9 and 1.9 kb long, respectively. Hamster P-450IA1 mRNA was induced to the same level in lungs as in livers by MC treatment, whereas hamster P-450IA2 mRNA was induced and expressed only in hamster liver.     

Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a serine proteinase from the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

This report describes the first serine proteinase gene isolated from the sedentary nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Using degenerate primers, a 1372bp cDNA encoding a chymotrypsin-like serine proteinase (Mi-ser1) was amplified from total RNA of adult females by RT-PCR and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The deduced amino acid sequence of Mi-ser1 encoded a putative signal peptide and a prodomain of 22 and 33 amino acids, respectively, and a mature proteinase of 341 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 37,680Da. Sequence identity with the top serine proteinases matches from the databases ranged from 23 to 27%, including sequences from insects, mammals, and other nematodes. Southern blot analysis suggested that Mi-ser1 is encoded by a single or few gene copies. The pattern of developmental expression analyzed by Northern blot and RT-PCR indicated that Mi-ser1 was transcribed mainly in females. The domain architecture composed of a single chymotrypsin-like catalytic domain and the detection of a putative signal peptide suggested a digestive role for Mi-ser1.     

Full-length sequence, regulation and developmental studies of a second vitellogenin gene from the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis

Vitellogenin (Vg) is the precursor of vitellin (Vn) which is the major yolk protein in eggs. In a previous report, we isolated and characterized the first Vg message from the American dog tick Dermacentor variabilis. In the current study, we describe a second Vg gene from the same tick. The Vg2 cDNA is 5956 nucleotides with a 5775 nt open reading frame coding for 1925 amino acids. The conceptual amino acid translation contains a 16-residues putative signal peptide, N-terminal lipid binding domain and C-terminal von Willebrand factor type D domain present in all known Vgs. Moreover, the amino acid sequence shows a typical GLCG domain and several RXXR cleavage sites present in most isolated Vgs. Tryptic digest-mass fingerprinting of Vg and Vn recognized 11 fragments that exist in the amino acid translation of DvVg2 cDNA. Injection of virgin females with 20 hydroxyecdysone induced DvVg2 expression, vitellogenesis and oviposition. Using RT-PCR, DvVg2 expression was detected only in tick females after mating and feeding to repletion. Northern blot analysis showed that DvVg2 is expressed in fat body and gut cells of vitellogenic females but not in the ovary. DvVg2 expression was not detected in adult fed or unfed males. The characteristics that distinguish Vg from other similar tick storage proteins like the carrier protein, CP (another hemelipoglycoprotein) are discussed.     

Characterization by cDNA cloning of the mRNA of a new growth factor from bovine seminal plasma: acidic seminal fluid protein.

A cDNA expression library in lambda gt11 prepared from cDNA derived of seminal vesicle tissue was screened by means of monospecific rabbit anti-aSFP IgG. The sequence of clone pTF21, containing an insert of 668 bp comprised an open reading frame from position 7 to 411 terminated by two stop codons. From this sequence a protein of 134 amino acid residues can be deduced. The mature aSFP was preceded by a signal peptide of 20 amino acids length. The protein sequence contains no signal for N-glycosylation. The molecular weight calculated from the amino acid sequence is 12922 Da. The start codon ATG is part of the sequence AAGATGA which fulfills the criteria of an initiation consensus sequence. The coding region was followed by 257bp of the complete 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). A putative polyadenylation signal AATAAT, although not of the standard type, is observed at position 650. According to Northern analysis, aSFP mRNA is expressed in seminal vesicle tissue, ampulla and weakly in tissue of epididymis, but not in testis or other bovine tissue. aSFP is specified by a single copy gene. Attempts to detect homologies to known protein sequences were not successful.