骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复大鼠半横断脊髓损伤

目的初步探讨骨髓间充质干细胞诱导为神经细胞,及其移植对大鼠脊髓半横断损伤神经功能恢复和运动的影响。方法贴壁培养法分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs),大鼠脊髓匀浆上清诱导第3代向神经细胞分化,经免疫组化鉴定分化后细胞的性质。制备大鼠半横断脊髓损伤模型,脊髓损伤局部注射BrdU标记诱导后的神经细胞。细胞移植5周后观察移植细胞在脊髓内存活分布情况。结果倒置显微镜下可见MSCs呈纺锤形和多角形,有1~2个核仁,经脊髓匀浆上清诱导后,发出数个细长突起,并交织成网,诱导后的细胞表达Nestin,可推测诱导后的细胞为MSCs源神经细胞。5周后移植的MSCs在宿主损伤脊髓内聚集并存活,表达MAP-2、NF、GFAP与对照组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。大鼠运动功能较移植前有所改善。结论MSCs经脊髓匀浆上清诱导后移植治疗大鼠半横断脊髓损伤可使运动功能得到改善。     

Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Mediated Downregulation of Fas Improves Functional Recovery of Rats after Spinal Cord Injury

Human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCB), due to their primitive nature and ability to develop into nonhematopoietic cells of various tissue lineages, represent a potentially useful source for cell-based therapies after spinal cord injury (SCI). To evaluate their therapeutic potential, hUCB were stereotactically transplanted into the injury epicenter, one week after SCI in rats. Our results show the presence of a substantial number of surviving hUCB in the injured spinal cord up to five weeks after transplantation. Three weeks after SCI, apoptotic cells were found especially in the dorsal white matter and gray matter, which are positive for both neuron and oligodendrocyte markers. Expression of Fas on both neurons and oligodendrocytes was efficiently downregulated by hUCB. This ultimately resulted in downregulation of caspase-3 extrinsic pathway proteins involving increased expression of FLIP, XIAP and inhibition of PARP cleavage. In hUCB-treated rats, the PI3K/Akt pathway was also involved in antiapoptotic actions. Further, structural integrity of the cytoskeletal proteins α-tubulin, MAP2A&2B and NF-200 has been preserved in hUCB treatments. The behavioral scores of hind limbs of hUCB-treated rats improved significantly than those of the injured group, showing functional recovery. Taken together, our results indicate that hUCB-mediated downregulation of Fas and caspases leads to functional recovery of hind limbs of rats after SCI.     

Stem Cells Downregulate the Elevated Levels of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Rats After Spinal Cord Injury

We investigated the involvement of tPA after SCI in rats and effect of treatment with human umbilical cord blood derived stem cells. tPA expression and activity were determined in vivo after SCI in rats and in vitro in rat embryonic spinal neurons in response to injury with staurosporine, hydrogen peroxide and glutamate. The activity and/or expression of tPA increased after SCI and reached peak levels on day 21 post-SCI. Notably, the tPA mRNA activity was upregulated by 310-fold compared to controls on day 21 post-SCI. As expected, MBP expression is minimal at the time of peak tPA activity and vice versa. Implantation of hUCB after SCI resulted in the downregulation of elevated tPA activity/expression in vivo in rats as well as in vitro in spinal neurons. Our results demonstrated the involvement of tPA in the secondary pathogenesis after SCI as well as the therapeutic potential of hUCB.     

骨髓间质干细胞移植对大鼠脑缺血再灌注凋亡蛋白Caspase-3的影响

目的研究静脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）对脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠神经功能及凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3的影响。方法体外培养及扩增MSCs后,用绿色荧光染料羟基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺脂（CFSE）标记,通过静脉途径移植给大脑中动脉缺血2 h再灌注的SD大鼠,按不同时间点取材,荧光显微镜观察BMSCs在脑内的分布,免疫组织化学染色及RT-PCR检测大鼠脑内caspase-3蛋白表达情况。结果移植组在移植后第6天神经功能明显好于对照组（P〈0.05）。移植组移植后3、12、24、48、72 h caspase 3免疫组化阳性目标面密度分别为（1.34±0.31）%、（3.98±0.67）%、（5.58±0.92）%、（4.65±0.69）%、（3.51±0.63）%,对照组分别为（2.09±0.19）%、（5.23±0.30）%、（6.89±0.57）%、（5.93±0.56）%、（4.39±0.57）%,移植组和对照组比较均（P〈0.05）。6h及7 d移植组caspase 3阳性目标面密度分别为（2.81±0.35）%、（1.64±0.29）%,与对照组（3.92±0.44）%,（2.29±0.21）%比较差异显著（P〈0.01）。移植组相应时间点caspase-3的表达明显低于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;移植组大鼠缺血侧皮层的caspase-3 mRNA相对量明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论经静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞可明显改善神经功能。其可能通过下调caspase-3表达方式对脑缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用。     

G—CSF对大鼠脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的影响

目的：通过观察粒细胞集落刺激因子（G—CSF）对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及Caspase-3的表达的影响,探讨其对脊髓保护的作用机制。方法：32只Vistar大鼠随机分成2组：对照组和治疗组,每组16只,采用改良的Allen’s装置制成大鼠急性脊髓损伤模型。在术前及术后对大鼠进行BBB功能评分观察大鼠的神经功能变化;用免疫荧光法检测脊髓损伤后个时间点Caspase-3表达;原位脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（Tunel法）检测凋亡细胞。结果：大鼠急性脊髓损后Caspase-3表达与细胞凋亡均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,损伤后3d可见大量的Caspase-3和TUNEL阳性细胞,7d时达到高峰,此后表达逐渐减少,21d时仍可见少量阳性细胞。与对照组比较,G—CSF治疗组各时间点Caspase-3表达和细胞凋亡显著降低,功能恢复显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论：G-CSF可以减轻大鼠脊髓损伤后的神经元凋亡,从而发挥神经保护作用,其作用可能是通过抑制Caspase-3的表达使脊髓损伤周围神经细胞凋亡显著下降而实现的。     

脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的临床研究

目的:探讨脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的疗效及安全性。方法:40例脊髓损伤患者给予脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗,移植方法采用静脉输注联合腰穿鞘内注射的方法。术后随访1年余定期观察患者临床症状及各项指标的变化并进行综合分析。移植过程中为促进干细胞的生长和分化,根据患者病情及身体状况给予相应的康复功能锻炼。结果:与入院时比较,脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗3、6、12个月后,不完全性脊髓损伤患者针刺觉评分、轻触觉评分、运动评分均有明显改善(P<0.05或0.01),完全性脊髓损伤患者针刺觉评分、轻触觉评分、运动评分均无明显变化(P>0.05),两组残损分级均无明显改善(P>0.05)。移植后各项生化指标正常,未出现严重的并发症和明显的不良反应。结论:脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤近期疗效明显,可以改善患者的临床症状,提高患者的生存质量,是一种值得借鉴的治疗方法。     

Spatiotemporal Patterns of SSeCKS Expression After Rat Spinal Cord Injury

Src suppressed C kinase substrate (SSeCKS) was identified as a PKC substrate/PKC-binding protein, which plays a role in mitogenic regulatory activity and has a function in the control of cell signaling and cytoskeletal arrangement. However its distribution and function in the central nervous system (CNS) lesion remain unclear. In this study, we mainly investigated the mRNA and protein expression and cellular localization of SSeCKS during spinal cord injury (SCI). Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that SSeCKS was present in normal whole spinal cord. It gradually increased, reached a peak at 3 days for its mRNA level and 5 days for its protein level after SCI, and then declined during the following days. In ventral horn, the expression of SSeCKS underwent a temporal pattern that was similar with the whole spinal cord in both mRNA and protein level. However, in dorsal horn, the mRNA and protein for SSeCKS expression were significantly increased at 1 day for its mRNA level and 3 days for its protein level, and then gradually declined to the baseline level, ultimately up-regulated again from 7 to 14 days. The protein expression of SSeCKS was further analysed by immunohistochemistry. The positively stained areas for SSeCKS changed with the similar pattern to that of protein expression detected by immunoblotting analysis. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that SSeCKS immunoreactivity (IR) was found in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes of spinal cord tissues within 5 mm from the lesion site. Importantly, injury-induced expression of SSeCKS was co-labeled by active caspase-3 (apoptotic marker), Tau-1 (the marker for pathological oligodendrocyte) and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (GalT). All the results suggested that SSeCKS might play important roles in spinal cord pathophysiology and further research is needed to have a good understanding of its function and mechanism. Feng Xiao and Min Fei contributed equally to this work.     

Transplants of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in the Rat

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) derived from adult bone marrow represent a potentially useful source of cells for cell replacement therapy after nervous tissue damage. They can be expanded in culture and reintroduced into patients as autografts or allografts with unique immunologic properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate (i) survival, migration, differentiation properties of hMSCs transplanted into non-immunosuppressed rats after spinal cord injury (SCI) and (ii) impact of hMSC transplantation on functional recovery. Seven days after SCI, rats received i.v. injection of hMSCs (2×10⁶ in 0.5 mL DMEM) isolated from adult healthy donors. Functional recovery was assessed by Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) score weekly for 28 days. Our results showed gradual improvement of locomotor function in transplanted rats with statistically significant differences at 21 and 28 days. Immunocytochemical analysis using human nuclei (NUMA) and BrdU antibodies confirmed survival and migration of hMSCs into the injury site. Transplanted cells were found to infiltrate mainly into the ventrolateral white matter tracts, spreading also to adjacent segments located rostro-caudaly to the injury epicenter. In double-stained preparations, hMSCs were found to differentiate into oligodendrocytes (APC), but not into cells expressing neuronal markers (NeuN). Accumulation of GAP-43 regrowing axons within damaged white matter tracts after transplantation was observed. Our findings indicate that hMSCs may facilitate recovery from spinal cord injury by remyelinating spared white matter tracts and/or by enhancing axonal growth. In addition, low immunogenicity of hMSCs was confirmed by survival of donor cells without immunosuppressive treatment.     

移植BMMSCs-蚕丝蛋白生物支架对急性大鼠脊髓半切损伤修复的影响

目的:以蚕丝蛋白支架(silk fibroin porous scaffolds SFPS)接种骨髓基质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMMSCs)移植入SD大鼠脊髓半切损伤模型内,观察BMMSCs-SFPS复合生物支架对损伤脊髓的修复作用.方法:密度梯度离心法提取、贴壁法培养BMMSCs,取第三代对数生长期细胞,采用注射法制备BMMSCs-SFPS复合支架,复合14天进行生物相容性检测.40只SD大鼠复制脊髓半切损伤模型后随机分配为四组(n=10):A组BMMSCs-SFPS联合移植、B组单独移植BMMSCs、C组单独移植SFPS、D组为空白对照组,移植后分别于1、2、3、4周进行运动功能评分和术后4周进行HE染色观察、免疫荧光检测.结果:BMMSCs-SFPS复合支架体外培养14天后,扫描电镜可见BMMSCs附于SFPS支架内表面生长,细胞贴附良好并互有接触.移植入脊髓半切损伤模型后4周进行HE染色,结果显示A组脊髓空洞较其余三组小,免疫荧光检测结果示A组NF200、Nestin阳性表达高于B、C、D组,A组GFAP表达则明显低于其余三组.A组术后2～4周Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB)评分均高于同期B、C、D组,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),D组评分明显低于同期其他3组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:BMMSCs-SPFS具有良好生物相容性,复合支架保证BMMSCs的存活数量、能抑制胶质瘢痕.BMMSCS-SFPS复合生物支架能发挥协同作用,促进脊髓半切损伤的大鼠运动功能恢复.     

同种异体大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞移植对放射性空肠损伤的修复作用

目的观察同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植对放射性空肠的修复作用。方法全骨髓贴壁体外培养大鼠MSCs并进行DAPI标记。对大鼠行5 Gy X线全腹部照射,每隔72 h照射1次,共5次,制备放射性空肠损伤动物模型。取40只大鼠,随机分成正常对照组、模型及MSCs治疗组及DAP标记组。激光共聚焦显微镜下观察DAPI标记的MSCs在空肠组织中富集情况。病理学观察MSCs对放射性空肠损伤的修复作用。结果正常大鼠空肠黏膜结构清楚,隐窝深遂,腺体丰富,模型组7 d黏膜上皮细胞坏死脱落,隐窝几乎完全破坏,治疗组7 d黏膜坏死组织较少,黏膜增厚,30 d治疗组核分裂相增加,较模型组增加明显。结论成功建立放射性空肠损伤动物模型,MSCs可以促进空肠再生与修复。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠肝损伤的实验研究

目的:了解肝损伤大鼠在输注骨髓间充质干细胞后肝功能生化指标和肝脏组织病理变化情况,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常组和造模组。造模组采用腹腔注射四氯化碳的方法构建,然后将造模组随机分为干细胞移植治疗组、模型对照组。干细胞移植组经门静脉输注标记的骨髓间充质干细胞。3周后处死大鼠。然后检测大鼠肝功能、肝脏病理改变分析干细胞移植治疗肝损伤效果。结果:干细胞移植治疗3周后,大鼠的肝脏与对照组比较,明显恢复,但是并没有恢复到正常水平。结论:骨髓间充质干细胞对肝损伤的大鼠有治疗作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠急性肾损伤的修复作用

目的：观察外源性骨髓间充质干细胞（Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）对庆大霉素（Gentamycin,GM）诱导的大鼠急性肾损伤是否具有治疗作用,并初探其机制。方法：建立腹腔注射庆大霉素致大鼠急性肾损伤模型。实验分为舡常对照组、模型组、MSCs治疗组（模型＋MSCs）、生理盐水组（模型＋生理盐水）。于不同处理后4d分别检测血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Scr）水平,观察肾组织病理改变,免疫印迹及RT-PCR法检测肾组织肝细胞生长因子（Hepatocyte growth factor,HGF）水平。结果：模型组大鼠的BUN及Scr较正常对照组显著升高,且肾小管组织病理损伤严重;而MSCs治疗组大鼠的BUN及Scr水平较生理盐水组显著降低,肾小管组织病理损伤明显减轻。此外。促肾小管损伤修复的肝细胞生长因子（HGF）表达在MSCs治疗组显著高于生理盐水组。结论：MSCs输注可促进庆大霉素所致急性肾小管损伤的修复,改善肾功能,其作用机制可能是与上调肾组织中肝细胞细胞生长因子的表达有关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠急性肾损伤的修复作用

目的:观察外源性骨髓间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)对庆大霉素(Gentamycin,GM)诱导的大鼠急性肾损伤是否具有治疗作用,并初探其机制。方法:建立腹腔注射庆大霉素致大鼠急性肾损伤模型实验分为正常对照组、模型组、MSCs治疗组(模型+MSCs)、生理盐水组(模型+生理盐水)。于不同处理后4d分别检测血尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Scr)水平,观察肾组织病理改变,免疫印迹及RT-PCR法检测肾组织肝细胞生长因子(Hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)水平。结果:模型组大鼠的BUN及Scr较正常对照组显著升高,且肾小管组织病理损伤严重;而MSCs治疗组大鼠的BUN及Scr水平较生理盐水组显著降低,肾小管组织病理损伤明显减轻。此外,促肾小管损伤修复的肝细胞生长因子(HGF)表达在MSCs治疗组显著高于生理盐水组。结论:MSCs输注可促进庆大霉素所致急性肾小管损伤的修复,改善肾功能,其作用机制可能是与上调肾组织中肝细胞细胞生长因子的表达有关。     

诱导体外培养的骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌样细胞的分化

选用Wistar大鼠分离骨髓间充质干细胞作体外培养及鉴定其表达抗原CD44、CDw90;采用10μmol／L 5-氮胞苷诱导第1代的骨髓间充质干细胞,于诱导后2、4周进行免疫细胞化学反应检测α-横纹肌肌动蛋白、肌钙蛋白T。证实体外培养的第1代骨髓间充质干细胞经5-氮胞苷诱导可分化为心肌样细胞,为指导体外诱导的心肌细胞应用于。临床提供一定的理论依据和技术手段。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞培养方法

骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)是一种多潜能的成体干细胞,在细胞治疗和组织工程上具有广阔的应用前景。对供体年龄、分离方法、培养密度、培养基和培养基质表面性质对细胞增殖的影响进行了比较,重点阐述了用人自体血清结合多种细胞因子,替代胎牛血清培养BMMSCs的效果,转染端粒酶基因的BMMSCs的增殖能力和分化潜能,以及灌注培养反应器用于大规模培养的技术进展。     

骨髓间充质干细胞分化为胰岛细胞治疗糖尿病

糖尿病已成为严重危害人类健康的疾病之一。目前,移植胰岛治疗糖尿病已初见疗效,但由于胰岛来源匮乏和免疫排斥反应而受阻。骨髓间充质干细胞(bonemarrowmesenchymalstemcells,BMMSCs)取材方便,容易进行体外分离、培养和纯化,且具有跨越分化潜能。若将自体BMMSCs诱导分化为胰岛细胞,可望解决细胞来源和免疫排除问题,实现糖尿病的自体细胞治疗。现对体外诱导BMMSCs分化为胰岛细胞治疗糖尿病的研究进展进行综述,并指出了存在问题和今后的研究方向。     

HSV-1感染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞及形成潜伏感染的初步研究

在体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs),观察单纯疱疹病毒1型感染骨髓间充质干细胞情况.分离并鉴定BMSCs;HSV-1感染BMSCs,观察细胞病变(CPE);建立BMSCs的HSV-1潜伏感染模型.提取总DNA,PCR法扩增BMSCs内的HSV-1特异性片段,检测HSV-1感染BMSCs及潜伏感染.结果显示骨髓间充质干细胞经14d诱导后,碱性磷酸酶含量增高、形成钙结节,表现出成骨细胞特性.HSV-1感染BMSCs,出现典型的CPE,PCR法证实BMSCs内存在HSV-1的特异性片段.HSV-1潜伏感染的BMSCs,未出现明显的CPE,细胞传至7代,仍可测到HSV-1的基因片段,表明BMSCs有可能形成HSV-1的潜伏感染.大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞在体外可以向成骨细胞方向分化,可作为组织工程学的种子细胞.HSV-1可以在体外感染骨髓间充质干细胞并有形成潜伏感染的趋势.     

乙酰水杨酸预处理骨髓间充质干细胞对实验性牙周炎大鼠的治疗作用

本研究旨在探讨应用乙酰水杨酸(ASA)预处理的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)治疗对大鼠牙周炎模型中的牙周骨修复的影响。通过建立大鼠牙周炎动物模型并使用ASA和BMMSCs联和治疗大鼠,本研究检测了体外BMMSCs的成骨分化、成脂分化、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及成骨相关基因(ALP和OCN)的表达,并检测大鼠相关炎症因子(TNF-α,IL-17和IL-10)水平。结果显示,使用成骨培养基诱导BMMSCs后,可清晰地观察到BMMSCs的成骨分化和成脂分化。体外研究显示,60μg/mL的ASA显著促进了体外BMMSCs的增殖,提高了碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,促进了钙沉积和上调了成骨相关基因(ALP和OCN)的表达。此外,与未治疗的牙周炎大鼠比较,经ASA-BMMSCs治疗的牙周炎大鼠的TNF-α和IL-17水平显著下降,而IL-10显著升高。本研究表明,60μg/mL的ASA显著促进了体外BMMSCs的增殖和成骨分化。ASA和BMMSCs联用能够调节大鼠体内相关细胞因子的表达,并减轻炎症反应,可能是牙周炎治疗和牙周骨再生的有效方法。     

SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞钙离子波动的探究

本实验旨在通过化学药物促进或抑制骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)增殖以研究胞内Ca2+浓度在此过程中的变化规律.同步化于G1期的MSCs分别用10%胎牛血清(FBS)、15 ng/mL表皮生长因子(EGF)做短期(1 h)或持续(32 h)刺激,或用10 μg/mL丝裂霉素C(Mi C)短期(1 h)刺激和刺激2.5 h后除去,检测胞内Ca2+浓度变化.结果 表明在增殖相关的化学信号瞬时刺激下,MSCs胞内Ca2+信号瞬时增高,然后回复到一个稳态水平:促增殖时维持高稳态水平,抑增殖则低;持续的抑制导致胞内Ca2+波动弱.     

与损伤神经细胞共育后小胶质细胞促进骨髓间充质干细胞神经保护功能

采用原代细胞培养法培养骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs),以鼠小胶质细胞瘤细胞(BV2)和鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(PC12)细胞株分别代替小胶质细胞和神经细胞进行传代培养,应用转移筛网进行BV2与正常或损伤PC12的共育后,考察BV2对BMMSCs的神经保护作用的影响。结果发现小胶质细胞(BV2)与损伤PC12共育后,能促进BMMSCs的神经保护作用,后者的上清液能降低受损PC12的凋亡率(35.9±13.5)%,同对照组(95.1±26.6)%相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且BMMSCs上清液中bFGF升高达到(34.0±10.0)pg/ml,同对照组(20.3±7.1)pg/ml相比二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。