不同人群阴道乳杆菌分离比较的研究

目的比较细菌性阴道病患者、抗生素治疗后BV患者和健康妇女阴道内乳杆菌的分布差异。方法对124例(包括40例细菌性阴道病患者和23例抗生素治疗后细菌性阴道病患者)年龄为19~65岁的妇女阴道分泌物进行乳杆菌及产H2O2乳杆菌的分离和半定量计数。结果健康妇女阴道内乳杆菌检出率和活菌数量明显高于细菌性阴道病患者和抗生素治疗后细菌性阴道病患者(P<0.01);产H2O2乳杆菌是健康妇女阴道内优势菌,其检出率明显高于细菌性阴道病患者。结论阴道内乳杆菌特别是产H2O2乳杆菌是健康妇女阴道乳杆菌的重要成员,在防治细菌性阴道病发生中起重要作用,且对多种抗生素敏感。     

应用乳酸杆菌调整阴道菌群失调

本文对健康妇女阴道酸杆菌的分布情况进行调查,结果表明。乳酸杆菌平均活菌数对数值为８．７０９７±１．３４,肠杆菌２．９６５±０．６６９,葡萄球菌３．７４１８±０．９２１４,醇母菌４．７２７±１．７３０．揭示了乳酸杆菌是健康妇女阴道主要成员,其数量变化系妇女患阴道炎的实质,用乳酸杆菌调整阴道菌群失调,保持阴道微生物平衡,从而产生治疗作用。     

乳酸杆菌细胞裂解物对家兔实验性阴道炎的治疗作用

目的观察乳杆菌DM8909裂解物及发酵物在体内对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果,探索一种替代活菌制剂的生态制剂。方法用阿莫西林和甲硝唑接种家兔建立脱污染模型,再用大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的混合液接种,建立实验性感染模型后,随机分为5组,分别用乳杆菌裂解物原液、裂解物稀释液、发酵上清液、乳杆菌活菌制剂及生理盐水(对照组)进行治疗,分析和考察阴道菌群变化。结果德氏乳酸杆菌裂解物具有治疗实验性家兔细菌性阴道炎的效果,其疗效与活菌制剂相近。结论德氏乳酸杆菌裂解物可作为乳酸杆菌活菌制剂的替代物。     

阴道乳杆菌胶囊调整产后阴道菌群失衡的临床研究

目的研究产后6~8周妇女阴道微生物环境的变化特征及阴道菌群失衡的发病率,探讨应用阴道乳杆菌胶囊恢复产后妇女阴道内环境,预防生殖道感染发生的临床意义。方法收集1 053例产妇产后6~8周回访就诊时阴道分泌物,采用革兰染色法检查,进行Nugent评分,按Nugent评分系统对菌群分类,进一步诊断细菌性阴道病(BV),并与其孕早期产检时情况比对。结果 1 053例产后6~8周妇女Nugent评分正常521例,临界242例,有290例发生阴道炎症,细菌性阴道病205例,阴道假丝酵母菌74例和滴虫11例。疾病构成比以非特异性阴道炎为主,特异性阴道炎较为少见。所有妇女阴道p H均在5.0以上。在所有涂片中,被认为在维持正常阴道微生态平衡中起关键作用的乳杆菌数量和比例明显不足。产后BV的发病率(31.36%)高于孕早期产检时,产后妇女BV发病率较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。予300例患者阴道内放置乳酸杆菌活菌胶囊,结果显示研究组阴道p H明显降低,接近正常女性阴道p H水平(P0.05),且阴道乳酸杆菌数量明显增多(P0.05);同时产后3个月、6个月阴道炎的发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论产后妇女阴道乳酸杆菌量减少,菌群比例明显失调。阴道炎症以非特异性阴道炎为主,细菌性阴道病、真菌性阴道炎和滴虫性阴道炎较少见。乳杆菌胶囊作为生态治疗的活菌制剂,既能预防、治疗阴道感染,又无不良反应,还可以减少产后妇女阴道炎的复发率,值得临床推广应用。     

产后阴道菌群分布情况及乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗的疗效

目的探讨产后阴道菌群分布情况及乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗的疗效。方法选择200例在桐乡市妇幼保健院分娩的产妇,在分娩前与分娩后6周检测产妇的阴道pH,并对阴道分泌物进行细菌培养。比较分娩前后产妇的阴道pH值、乳酸杆菌检出率。根据患者意愿将未患有阴道炎的产妇分为观察组与对照组,观察组予以乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗,每天1次,每次1粒,连用10d,对照组不采取任何治疗,分别在分娩后3个月、6个月检测产妇的阴道pH,并对阴道分泌物进行细菌培养,比较两组阴道pH值及乳酸杆菌检出率的变化情况及细菌性与念珠菌性阴道炎的发病率,探讨乳杆菌活菌胶囊的疗效。结果分娩后6周产妇的阴道pH明显高于分娩前(P0.05),而阴道乳酸杆菌检出率却低于分娩前(χ2=73.87,P0.01);产妇产后6周阴道炎患病率为11.0%,分娩后3个月与分娩后6个月,两组产妇阴道pH均较治疗前下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组的下降幅度大于对照组(P0.05),而两组产妇阴道乳酸杆菌检出率却较治疗前增多(χ~2=20.15、36.27,3.88、6.30,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组的增多幅度大于对照组(χ~2=3.98、8.66,P0.05或P0.01);分娩6个月后观察组细菌性与真菌性阴道炎发病率低于对照组(χ~2=24.79,P0.01)。结论产妇产后会出现阴道菌群紊乱,阴道pH上升,乳酸杆菌检出率下降,阴道炎患病率上升,采用乳杆菌活菌胶囊干预治疗能有效的平衡阴道菌群,减少产妇产后阴道炎的发生,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

乳杆菌活菌制剂对细菌性阴道病局部免疫的调节

目的检测正常人和细菌性阴道病(BV)患者治疗前后阴道局部细胞因子的变化,探讨乳杆菌活菌制剂对女性生殖道免疫的影响,为阴道微生态平衡与阴道黏膜免疫屏障的关系的研究提供一定的依据。方法用乳杆菌活菌制剂治疗BV,通过酶联免疫吸附试验法即ELISA法来检测BV患者治疗前后及正常健康妇女阴道局部细胞因子sIgA、IL-2、IL-13的水平。结果 sIgA、IL-13水平治疗前组较对照组明显升高(P<0.01),治疗后组较治疗前组水平下降(P<0.05),治疗后组较对照组水平升高(P>0.05);IL-2水平治疗前组较对照组明显降低,治疗后组较治疗前组明显升高(P<0.05),治疗后组较对照组下降(P<0.05)。结论 BV患者阴道局部免疫功能发生了改变;乳杆菌活菌制剂对BV患者阴道局部免疫具调节作用.     

细菌性阴道病患者阴道分泌物16SrDNA序列分析

目的分析健康妇女及细菌性阴道病(Bacterial vaginosis,BV)患者阴道分泌物16S rDNA序列。方法提取20例健康妇女及40例BV患者阴道分泌物标本中的总DNA,针对细菌16S rDNA保守区设计通用引物进行PCR扩增、克隆、测序,将获得的16S rDNA序列与美国国立生物技术信息中心(NCBI)数据库中的发表序列进行比对,分析克隆群中细菌种类和比例。结果通过阴道分泌物16S rDNA序列分析,发现健康妇女阴道分泌物中以卷曲乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus crispatus),惰性乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus iners),加氏乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)为优势菌种,而BV患者阴道菌群种类繁多,以加德纳菌属(Gardnerella)和奇异菌属(Atopobium vaginae)克隆子占较大比例,仅4例患者可见卷曲乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus crispatus),其他患者均未见有乳酸杆菌克隆子且奇异菌属阴道病患者甲硝唑治疗疗效较差。结论健康妇女和BV患者阴道分泌物菌群种类有较大区别,BV患者在治疗前进行16S rDNA序列分析检测有较大的临床意义。     

乳杆菌活菌胶囊预防细菌性阴道病复发的临床效果

目的 评价乳杆菌活菌胶囊(商品名:定君生)预防细菌性阴道病复发的临床效果.方法 将2011年10月至2012年5月深圳市南山区妇幼保健院妇科门诊140例细菌性阴道病患者随机分为2组,研究组在细菌性阴道病患者治愈后给予乳杆菌活菌胶囊巩固治疗,阴道上药,1粒/(次·d),连用10 d;对照组仅给予常规治疗.结果 研究组复发率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乳杆菌活菌胶囊能改善及重建阴道微生态平衡,从而有效减少细菌性阴道病的复发.     

孕中期乳杆菌干预与早产结局的相关分析

目的探讨妊娠中期应用乳杆菌活菌胶囊对早产及先兆早产的预防价值。方法选择石家庄市第四医院2013年门诊产检的妊娠中期的孕妇,筛查出阴道微生态失调1 032例。根据是否接受乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗分为观察组427例与对照组605例。观察组孕妇睡前温开水冲洗外阴后于阴道后穹窿处放置乳杆菌活菌胶囊1粒,连用10d。10d后行阴道微生态检查,仍异常者再治疗10d。对照组孕妇未进行用药干预治疗。观察并评估观察组孕妇治疗后阴道内乳杆菌阳性率及阴道分泌物清洁度的变化,比较两组孕妇发生早产或先兆早产的情况。结果观察组孕妇治疗后阴道pH(4.04±0.12)较前(4.83±0.09)明显下降(P0.05);乳杆菌阳性率(81.73%)较前(0.00%)明显上升(P0.05)。观察组孕妇先兆早产发生率为5.39%,显著低于对照组的8.93%(χ2=4.985,P0.05);观察组孕妇早产发生率为0.70%,显著低于对照组的2.98%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.782,P0.05)。结论妊娠晚期孕妇阴道微生态失调与先兆早产及早产的发生关系密切,乳杆菌活菌胶囊可恢复正常的阴道微生态环境,降低先兆早产及早产的发生率,对预防先兆早产及早产的风险有一定临床价值。     

乳杆菌活菌制剂用于外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病疗效分析

目的探讨乳杆菌活菌制剂联合克霉唑治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的效果。方法将169例外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的妇女随机分为2组,分别给予2种治疗方法。A组(85例),乳杆菌活菌胶囊(定君生)与克霉唑联合用药:每日晨1粒定君生胶囊塞入阴道,且每日晚1片克霉唑栓塞入阴道,连续用药10 d;B组(84例),单用克霉唑,每晚1片克霉唑栓塞入阴道,连续用药10 d。2组患者经治疗的5 d、10 d、停药后7 d及月经来潮后复检,临床进行综合评价并行比较。结果A组治疗第5天的痊愈率和显效率比B组明显增高,差异有显著性(P<0.01);A组治疗第5天的无效率比B组明显降低,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。治疗第10天2组间的痊愈率、显效率、有效率差异无显著性。而停药后7 d、月经来潮后的总有效率A组比B组明显增高,复发率A组比B组明显下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病时,乳杆菌活菌制剂联合克霉唑较单用克霉唑能更快起效,并且有效减少停药后7 d及月经来潮后的复发率。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.