不同种群致倦库蚊对有机磷杀虫剂敏感性测定

分别用生物测定法测定致倦库蚊四龄幼虫对倍硫磷的敏感度、微量孔板酶联免疫检测仪检测成虫的非特异性酯酶活性.结果表明:不同种群致倦库蚊对倍硫磷的半数致死量(LC50)(ppm)(95%可信区间)分别为:北京敏感株(S-BJ)0.0005(0.0005-0.0006),番禺沙湾(PrSW)0.0019(0.0018-0.0021),广州石牌(GZSP)0.0016(0.0015-0.0017),抗溴氰菊酯株(Anti-thrin)0.0011(0.001-0.0012),抗马拉硫磷株(Anti-OP)0.0177(0.017-0.0183).根据S-BJ的LC50值为1,分别计算其他种群的抗性倍数,其抗性倍数分别为:S-BJ1.0,PYSW 3.8,GZSP 3.2,Anti-thrin2.2,Anti-OP 35.4.微板法测库蚊酯酶活性(A值):S-BJ 0.3905(0.281-0.501),PYSW 0.664(0.619-0.709),GZSP 0.575(0.478-0.672),Anti-thrin0.743(0.683-0.804),Anti-OP2.32(2.283-2.357).不同品系致倦库蚊对有机磷杀虫剂抗性:Anti-OP＞PYSW＞GZSP＞Anti-thrin＞S-BJ.     

致乏库蚊幼虫摄食和消化鱼腥藻的观察(英文)

在实验室条件下,致乏库蚊幼虫可大量摄食鱼腥藻,并能消化利用,完成生活史。鱼腥藻在蚊幼虫肠道中滞 留时间约6h,酵母约5h,鱼腥藻比酵母稍难消化。蚊幼虫至化蛹时期相比,饲喂鱼腥藻为194h,而饲喂酵母的为 142h,饲喂鱼腥藻比饲喂酵母延缓了蚊幼虫期52h。       

混配杀虫剂毒杀淡色库蚊的增效作用

溴氰菊酯是一种高效,广谱的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂。长期使用可使昆虫产生抗药性,为了解杀虫剂复配增效潜力,提高药效,延缓抗性,降低农药成本发展我国新的农药制剂。我们用溴氰菊酯兑马拉硫磷混配增效杀虫剂作试验。结果表明溴氰菊酯对马拉硫磷有明显的增效作用。     

影响库蚊幼虫摄食鱼腥藻的因素

在实验室条件下,致乏库蚊幼虫可大量摄食鱼腥藻,并能消化利用,完成生活史。鱼腥藻在蚊幼虫肠道中滞留时间约6h,酵母约5h,鱼腥藻比酵母稍难消化。对比幼虫孵化至化蛹周期,饲喂鱼腥藻为194h,而饲喂酵母则为142h,饲喂鱼腥藻比饲喂酵母延缓了蚊幼虫期52h。致乏库蚊幼虫摄食鱼腥藻的适宜条件为:pH7-8,温度25-30℃,藻液浓度愈高,摄食越多。随着蚊幼虫的生长,摄食量递增。     

埃及伊蚊浓核病毒(AaeDV)对致倦库蚊的致病性研究

致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)是西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)、圣路易斯脑炎病毒等重要的媒介。蚊浓核病毒(Mosquito densovirus,MDV)是特异性感染蚊类的病毒,对蚊虫具有明显的致病性。为研究MDV对致倦库蚊的致病效应,我们使用不同浓度埃及伊蚊浓核病毒(Aedes aegypti densovirus,AaeDV)感染致倦库蚊不同发育阶段的幼虫、蛹与成蚊,测定其感染率与死亡率,结果证实AaeDV对致倦库蚊1~2龄幼虫、3~4龄幼虫、蛹和雌雄成蚊的感染率分别为93.33%±2.49%、66%±3.74%、2.67%±0.94%、23.33%±3.40%和24.00%±1.63%,感染率与其发育阶段有关而与性别无关。AaeDV对幼虫的杀伤效果具有剂量依赖性,且与发育阶段有关,在1×1011拷贝/mL浓度下,新孵化龄幼虫和3~4龄幼虫的死亡率高达95.33%±0.74%和61.67%±2.07%。因此AaeDV对致倦库蚊具有生物防制的潜在价值。     

不同地区致倦库蚊种群相关酯酶 基因的特征分析

分别从广州、沙市、武汉近郊采集到致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus,对单只蚊虫进行淀粉凝胶电泳和Southern杂交方法的分析结果表明：3个实验种群中均分布有与抗性有关的高活性酯酶β1¹,酯酶α2/β2分布于广州实验种群中;广泛分布于地中海地区尖音库蚊Culex pipiens种群中的酯酶α4/β4、α5/β5在以上3个种群中均不存在。但是,在3个实验种群中均发现存在有一对新的高活性酯酶α8/β8,其电泳迁移率和限制性酶切片段均与目前已报道的几种高活性酯酶不同。含这两对新酯酶的蚊虫将应进一步从种群中纯化,纯合蚊虫新品系做分子特征的研究。     

淡色库蚊 (Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett)的抗性酯酶表现型及其在杀虫剂压力下的变化趋势(英文)

对来自杭州、临海和金华三个城市的淡色库蚊种群进行了抗性酯酶表现型频率分布的测定和分析 ,同时对三个种群进行双硫磷、敌百虫、毒死蜱和马拉硫磷等四种有机磷杀虫剂的抗性品系筛选 ,逐代测定和分析各种群在不同杀虫剂压力下 ,其抗性酯酶表现型频率分布的变化。结果表明 ,三个自然种群中都存在酯酶B1 、B2 纯合表现型及酯酶B1 /B2 杂合表现型 ,其中酯酶B1 纯合表现型占优势。各自然种群中的抗性酯酶表现型频率分布有差异。经过杀虫剂的逐代筛选 ,各种群相对于某一杀虫剂的压力 ,表现出选择较为单一的抗性酯酶表现型的趋势 :双硫磷有利于酯酶B1 纯合表现型的选择 ,敌百虫和毒死蜱有利于酯酶B2 纯合表现型的选择 ,马拉硫磷则似乎有利于酯酶B1 纯合表现型和酯酶B1 /B2 杂合表现型的选择 ,但酯酶B1 纯合表现型相对于B1 /B2 杂合表现型来说 ,对马拉硫磷抗性更强一些。根据研究结果 ,就蚊虫的抗性酯酶基因对不同杀虫剂的选择优势及相应的蚊媒控制策略进行了讨论。     

广东省三市致倦库蚊种群的抗性水平、非特异性酯酶分布频率及遗传分化

致卷库蚊(Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus)样本于2001年5月采自广州、佛山和中山。利用生物测定和淀粉凝胶电泳检测其对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的抗性水平和抗性相关酯酶的分布频率。与北京敏感品系相比,3个种群对敌敌畏、对硫磷、仲丁威的抗性水平分别至少为21、8和5倍;以连锁形式存在的A8／B8和A9／B9是3种群主要的高活性酯酶,但A2／B2和B1有地区差异。由于种群间的基因流动,这些差异行将消失。     

ESTERASE PHENOTYPES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF CULEX PIPIENS PALLENS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) AND THEIR VARIATIONS UNDER INSECTICIDE SELECTION*

Abstract Three populations of Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett, from Hangzhou, Linhai and Jinhua, were determined for their probability of resistant esterase phenotypes. Further, each population was selected with dipterex, chlorpyrifos, temephos and malathion at a given dose of 60%‐70% mortality and was determined for the variation of resistant esterase phenotypes in its offspring. The results indicated that esterase B₁ phenotype was dominant in three populations although different natural populations have a different probability distribution of esterase B phenotypes. Insecticide selection showed that various esterase loci seemed to have different selective advantages under different insecticide pressures. The esterase B₁ phenotype was selected under temephos, and the esterase B₂ phenotype was selected under dipterex and chlorpyrifos. Except for the esterase B₁ phenotype, the heterozygote of B₁/B₂ phenotypes was detected under malathion pressure. These results are discussed in relation to the selective advantages of esterase genes to OP pressure and mosquito control strategies.     

SIGNIFICANCE OF PASSIVE MIGRATION IN EVOLUTION OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE MOSQUITO CULEX PIPIENS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

In order to determine the combined effects of migration and gene flow on evolution of insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens, four samples were collected in China, among which two were collected along the railway from Beijing to Guangzhou. Bioassay data showed that the resistance levels of the four populations to dichlorvos were high and to parathion moderate as compared with the susceptible strain and there was no significant difference among the four populations to the same organophosphate (OP) insecticide. Starch electrophoresis was done to identify the frequency of known overproduced esterases and to analyze genetic diversity among various populations by electrophoretic polymorphism of five presumably neutral loci. The results indicated that the gene flow between populations existed and the number of effective migrants (Nm) was related to collection geography (Nm from 1.67 to 40.07). In contrast with lower genetic differentiation between two nearby populations (between GZ and ZS, ZZ and SQ) and higher genetic differentiation between two distant populations (between GZ and ZZ), there was a significant and inconsistent difference in the distribution of resistance alleles, A2‐B2 when explained only with active migration. This divergent situation could be straightened out when considering passive migration (such as railway transport) which increased the spread of A2‐B2 along the railway, i.e., in GZ and ZZ. The resistance alleles, A2‐B2, dispersing to around areas by active migration suffered from the limitation of gene flow and the speed of invasion.     

被动迁移在抗性进化中的作用

为了明确迁移和基因交流在杀虫剂抗性基因进化中的作用,我们从四个不同的地区采集有机磷抗性的库蚊野生种群,利用淀粉电泳鉴定了各种群中存在的已知过量产生酯酶的分布频率,并通过5个假定的中性位点的电泳多态性分析了种群间的遗传多样性。结果表明种群间的基因交流是存在的,遗传分化与地理位置存在一定关系,而抗性等位基因A2一B2的分布却与种群间的遗传分化不一致。对这种差异的解释是：被动迁移(铁路运输等)加速了抗性基因的交流,而当抗性基因以自然迁飞的方式向周围地区扩散时,却是一个相对缓慢的过程。     

中国库蚊属库状蚊亚属一新种：双翅目：蚊科

本文记述库蚊属库状蚊亚属一新种——刺端库蚊,新种Culez(Culiciomyia) spiculostylussp.nov.。本新种阳茎侧板背角短粗而端钝,密布小齿并形成明显的齿簇为其独具特征。模式标本系1985年8月11日采自云南省西双版纳勐腊县新公社一积水坑,存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。     

库蚊属一新种记述：双翅目：蚊科

本文记述发现于云南省的库蚊属一新种,巨叶库蚊Culex(Eumelanomyia)megafolius sp.nov.并对其亲缘种巨端库蚊 Cx.(Eum.)macrastylus和山栖库蚊 Cx.(Eum.)oresbius进行分类讨论。     

昆虫抗药性靶标不敏感机制的研究进展

靶标不敏感（targetsiteinsensitivity）是昆虫对杀虫剂产生抗药性的一个极为重要的生化机制,已在多种昆虫对多种杀虫剂的抗性中发现[1,2],最著名的便是：变构乙酰胆碱酯酶（alteredacetvlcholinesterase,简称变构AChE）对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的抗性、不敏感的Na 通道（insensitivesodiumchannel）对DDT和除虫菊酯的击倒抗性（knockdownresistance,kdr）,以及不敏感的γ-氨基丁酸受体（insensitiveGABAreceptor）对环戊二烯类杀虫剂和γ-六六六的抗性[3]。80年代以来,众多学者利用各种技术尤其是分子生物学技术对上述靶…