食蚜瘿蚊触角的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电子显微镜对食蚜瘿蚊的触角进行了观察。结果显示, 雌雄触角都为14节,其中雄性约为2 000 μm,雌性约为1 050 μm。电镜下可观察到食蚜瘿蚊触角有6种类型的感受器,即: 刺形感受器、毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔形感受器、柱形感受器和环丝。刺形感受器较长,约67.5 μm,基部有膜状的窝。毛形感受器长约61 μm,末端弯曲。锥形感受器呈钉状着生在表皮上,长约4.7 μm。腔形感受器呈凹陷状,腔的直径约为1.2 μm。柱形感受器着生在雄虫鞭节的第二亚节,长约21 μm,直径约为1.5 μm。环丝,是瘿蚊类昆虫触角中特殊的结构,它通过着生在一系列腔中的的短梗,连结成环状附着在触角各亚节的表面。刺形和锥形感受器在数量上,雌雄之间差别不大;柱形感受器只在雄虫中发现;雄虫触角上的腔形感受器在数量上要比雌虫多。     

豆柄瘤蚜茧蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察(英文)

利用扫描电镜对豆柄瘤蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebus fabarum的触角感受器进行了观察, 发现有7 种感受器, 分别为毛形感受器、刺形感受器Ⅰ型、刺形感受器Ⅱ型、锥形感受器、腔锥形感受器Ⅰ型、腔锥形感受器Ⅱ型和板形感受器。毛形感受器是数量最多的感器; 除了腔锥形感受器Ⅱ型只在雌虫触角发现外, 雌、雄触角感受器的类型和结构没有较大的差别, 并且腔锥形感受器Ⅱ是数量最少的感器。     

梨小食心虫触角感受器雌雄二型的超微研究

梨小食心虫是果树上的一种重要害虫。本文采用扫描电子显微镜技术(SEM)对成虫离体触角外部形态进行观察,以Onagbola和Fadamiro(2008)为分类标准,对梨小食心虫的触角感受器重新进行分类。结果显示,梨小食心虫触角为线状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节构成,鞭节细分为38-45个亚节。雌、雄蛾共有8种触角感受器,分别为无孔栓锥形感受器、无孔B9hm's鬃毛、单孔刺形感受器、多孔毛形感受器、多孔锥形感受器、多孔腔锥形感受器、多孔耳形感受器和芽孢形感受器(只在雌蛾触角上观察到)。感受器在类型、形态和数量上存在雌雄二型现象。耳形感受器数量在雌雄间差异显著,雌雄蛾刺形感受器、栓锥形感受器、毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔锥形感受器长度差异显著,并对其功能进行了推测。     

芒果横线尾夜蛾触角感觉器扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电镜技术对芒果横线尾夜蛾触角感觉器进行了观察和研究。结果表明,芒果横线尾夜蛾成虫触角上有5种类型的感觉器,分别为毛形感觉器、刺形感觉器、锥形感觉器、腔锥形感觉器和柱形感觉器。这些感觉器在成虫中存在雌雄二型性,其中雌雄虫都具有毛形感觉器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型、刺形感觉器、锥形感觉器Ⅰ型和腔锥形感觉器等四种类型的感觉器,其中以毛形感觉器最多,约占全部感觉器的72%。而锥形Ⅱ型和柱形感觉器只存在于雄虫触角上。     

柑橘大实蝇成虫超微感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax成虫触角、下颚须、平衡棒、前足跗节和产卵器的感器。共发现5种感受器,包括毛形感受器、微毛感受器、刺形感受器、锥形感受器和腔锥形感受器,其中,柑橘大实蝇的触角分布有毛形感受器、微毛感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器,下颚须有微毛感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器分布,平衡棒分布有微毛感受器和刺形感受器,足跗节有毛形感受器和刺形感受器分布。产卵管针突缩入产卵器基节中,其上有毛形感受器和腔锥形感受器分布,产卵管基节有较多毛形感受器。     

访花昆虫红腹毛蚊触角感器扫描电镜观察

【目的】本研究旨在明确访花昆虫红腹毛蚊Bibio rufiventris触角感器的类型和分布。【方法】通过扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)观察红腹毛蚊雌、雄成虫触角感器的种类、数量和形态,比较雌雄个体间的差异。【结果】红腹毛蚊雌、雄成虫触角均包含3部分,分别为柄节、梗节和鞭节,其中鞭节由8个亚节组成。雌成虫触角平均总长度为862.556±78.662μm,雄成虫触角平均总长度为880.361±83.253μm,雌、雄成虫触角各亚节的长度几乎相似,只有鞭节第8亚节长度有显著差异。红腹毛蚊的触角感器共有4大类,即刺形感器、锥形感器、毛形感器和B?hm氏鬃毛。其中,雌性红腹毛蚊触角感器共有6种亚型,即刺形感器、毛形感器2型、锥形感器(1, 2和4型)和B?hm氏鬃毛;雄性红腹毛蚊触角感器共有5种亚型,即刺形感器、毛形感器1型、锥形感器(2和3型)和B?hm氏鬃毛。【结论】红腹毛蚊雌、雄成虫触角感器在种类、数量以及形态特征方面存在一定差异。本研究为进一步探究红腹毛蚊触角感器的生理功能及其行为活动的分子机制提供了形态学基础。     

红彩真猎蝽成虫触角、喙和前足跗节感受器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对红彩真猎蝽成虫的触角、喙、前足跗节感受器进行观察。结果表明：红彩真猎蝽触角上分布4种类型的感受器,分别为毛形感受器、刺形感受器、锥形感受器和腔锥形感受器。其中,毛形感受器、刺形感受器各有3种形态,锥形感受器和腔锥形感受器各有2种形态,雌、雄性成虫个体间触角感受器类型、数量及分布未发现明显差异。喙的末端分布3种类型感受器,分别为毛形感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器,其中毛形感受器1种形态,刺形感受器2种形态,锥形感受器有3种形态。前足跗节末节存在刺形感受器和锥形感受器,其中刺形感受器有3种形态,锥形感受器有4种形态。     

齿缘刺猎蝽成虫触角和跗节感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了齿缘刺猎蝽(Sclomina erinacea Stal)成虫触角及前足跗节上的感受器,结果表明:齿缘刺猎蝽触角5节,由柄节、梗节和3个鞭节构成,梗节最短;雌、雄虫前足跗节均为3节。触角上共有3种感器,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器和锥形感器,其中,毛形感器、锥形感器各有两种类型,刺形感器有3种类型。雌、雄个体间触角感器类型及分布未见明显差异。前足跗节上仅存在刺形感器,该感器在雄虫前足跗节上的分布较雌虫密集。     

松墨天牛成虫头部感受器超微结构的观察

扫描电镜观察表明 ,松墨天牛MonochamusalternatusHope成虫头部存在 1 1种感受器。触角有 8种 ,下颚须和下唇须有 6种。栓锥感受器Ⅰ型、毛形感受器Ⅰ型及刺形感受器为触角、下颚须和下唇须共有。触角特有栓锥感受器Ⅱ型、毛形感受器Ⅱ型、锥形感受器以及柱形感受器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。下颚须及下唇须特有钟形感受器、坛形感受器和板形感受器。松墨天牛成虫触角感受器在种类、数量和分布上存在性别差异 ,雌雄虫的下颚须和下唇须感受器数量有所不同。     

冬虫夏草寄主蒲氏钩蝠蛾雄成虫触角感受器的观察

蒲氏钩蝠蛾Thitarodes pui(Zhang et al.)是冬虫夏草寄主昆虫之一,其雄成虫触角感受器在求偶交配过程中起主要作用。本研究应用电子扫描显微镜对蒲氏钩蝠蛾雄成虫触角上的化学感受器进行观察。结果发现,雄成虫触角上有7种感受器,即毛形感受器、刺形感受器、锥形感受器、腔锥形感受器、钟形感受器、Bhm氏鬃毛和鳞形感受器,其中以毛形感受器和鳞形感受器数目最多,腔锥感受器又分为长栓形和短栓形两种。综合本研究结果与已知蝠蛾的触角感受器,发现蝠蛾触角感受器在表面结构、感受器类型等方面与其它鳞翅目昆虫存在差异。     

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ANTENNAE OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA (COCCINELLIDAE: COLEOPTERA)

Scanning electron microscopy was done to describe the morphology of antenna of adult male and female ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata. Eleven‐segmented, scaly antenna was 950 μm in male and 980 μm in female. Electron micrographs reveal the occurrence of eight types of sensillae, viz. chaetica (Ch), trichoidea (Tr), basiconica (Ba), campaniformia (Ca), ampucellaceous (Am), scolopalia (Sc), placoidea (Pl) and hook shaped sensilla on the antennae of male and female ladybeetles. Ch had long external‐process, with base surrounded by membranous socket and the length was 60 and 70 μm in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Tr were distally curved and inserted into depression, 9.0 and 15 μm long in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Ba were cuticular peg‐like and 0.57 and 0.70 μm long on the male and female antennae. Sensillae Ca were small dome‐like and had diameter of 3.0μm in both the sexes. Sensillae Am were pit‐like in appearance and the diameter of the pit was 1.2 and 1.5 in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Pl were elliptical sunken plates like in both the sexes. Sensillae Sc were broad at their apex and pointed at their tip, 2.5 μm. A single hook‐shaped sensilla of 21.0 μm in length was present on male antenna only. Ch, Ca, Am, and Pl were almost similar in numbers in both the sexes. Sensillae Tr were more numerous on the male antenna and Ba were more numerous on the female antenna.     

Olfactory responses and sensilla morphology of the blackcurrant leaf midge Dasineura tetensi

Olfactory responses of Dasineura tetensi (Rubs) (Diptera; Cecidomyiidae) to leaf volatiles of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) were tested in a 4-way olfactometer. Newly emerged virgin females showed no response to the leaf volatiles emitted from a blackcurrant shoot. Newly emerged males (which are known to respond to a pheromone released by the female) also showed no response to the leaf volatiles. Two hours after mating females responded positively, indicating that leaf volatiles may play a role in host plant finding. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy of the antennae of D. tetensi showed that males and females share five sensillum types; sensilla chaetica (mechanoreceptors), sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, uniporous peg sensilla and circumfila (chemoreceptors). The sensilla chaetica and sensilla trichodea resemble those found on other insects. Sensilla basiconica were found on all antennal subsegments except the tip. These are multiporous receptors with five unbranched dendrites filling the lumen. Small peg sensilla located on the tips of both male and female antennae may function as contact-chemoreceptors. The circumfila, which are a unique type of sensilla found only on cecidomyiid antennae, form loops around each of the antennal subsegments, being attached to the surface by a series of stalks. TEM revealed that each stalk consisted of one sensillum containing a single highly branched dendrite. The distal regions of the walls of each sensillum are fused together to form the circumfila. Circumfila have multiporous walls and a lumen filled with multiple branches of dendrites. Their structure suggests that they are important olfactory receptors in both the male and female.     

桑天牛头部附器感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观测桑天牛Apriona germari(Hope)成虫的触角、下颚须和下唇须上感器的分布及超微结构。结果表明,雌、雄桑天牛触角上共存在6种感器,即毛形感器、锥形感器、刺形感器、芽形感器、鳞形感器和棒形感器,其中锥形感器分5种亚型,刺形感器分2种亚型,且部分感器在雌雄成虫触角上的分布模式及数量存在差异,如棒形感器及角锥形感器丛模式仅在雄虫触角上发现,而雌虫触角上的细锥形感器和耳锥形感器多于雄虫,芽形感器少于雄虫;下颚须和下唇须存在5种感器,即毛形感器、刺形感器、末梢锥形感器、钟形感器和隙缝感器,各种感器在雌、雄天牛下颚须和下唇须上的分布和数量无明显的区别。     

Antennal sensilla of male and female Telenomus reynoldsi gordh and coker (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae)

Sensilla on the antennae of both sexes of Telenomus reynoldsi (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae) were studied with the scanning electron microscope to determine their structure and possible function in mating and host recognition. Two types of setiform sensilla occur: curved, grooved sensilla trichodea and erect, stout sensilla chaetica. Horn-like sensilla trichodea curvata are abundant on the male antennae, but are less abundant and only present dorsally on the female. Sensilla basiconica are unique to the ventral surface of the apical 4 segments of the female antennae. Sensilla styloconica are located on A4 and A10 of the female and A7 and A9 of the male. Multiporous grooved sensilla are present on A4, A6, and A11 of the female and A4 and A6-A11 of the male. A possible sex gland is located on the venter of A5 of the male. The functions of sensilla trichodea curvata and sensilla basiconica in courtship and host recognition, respectively, are hypothesized by correlation with behavioral observations.     

斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器的超微结构

斑鞘豆叶甲是大豆苗期重要害虫,本文利用扫描电镜技术观察了斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器超微形态与分布。结果表明:斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器绝大部分着生于鞭节,在鞭亚节端部和末节凹陷区感器分布密集,类型较多。基于感器外部形态可分为8种类型:毛形感器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型、刺形感器、锥形感器、指形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型、钟形感器和B hm氏鬃毛。其中毛形感器数量最多,其次是锥形感器,钟形感器最少,仅分布于雄虫触角,还着生有大量表皮孔。雌、雄虫触角感器在形态、数量和分布上均存在差异,雄虫毛形和刺形感器显著长于雌虫,刺形感器端部膨大,两种感器的数量也明显多于雌虫;雌虫与雄虫相比末节背面也具感器密集的凹陷区,指形感器短于雄虫但数量显著多于雄虫。斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器种类丰富,分布密集,雌、雄虫感器存在明显的性二型现象,其结构和类型表现出种间分化特性。     

越北腹露蝗触角感器的扫描电镜观察

应用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)对越北腹露蝗FruhstorferiolatonkinensisWill.触角的外部形态进行观察的结果表明,蝗蝻和成虫触角均分布有以下6种感器,毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器、腔锥形感器和Bhm氏鬃毛,其中锥形感器有长、短锥之分,腔锥形感器有Ⅰ、Ⅱ型之分。芽孢形感器、盾形感器和钟形感器只限于蝗蝻的触角。成虫触角鞭节末端长锥形感器数量多于蝗蝻;而蝗蝻触角鞭节末端短锥形感器数量多于成虫。成虫触角从第9节开始,蝗蝻触角从第11节开始锥形感器和腔锥形感器的数量明显增多。     

Gall midge olfaction: Pheromone sensitive olfactory neurons in Contarinia nasturtii and Mayetiola destructor

This study describes the morphology and function of the antennal sensilla in two gall midge species, Contarinia nasturtii and Mayetiola destructor, where multi-component sex pheromones have been identified. Both species possess sensilla trichodea, s. coeloconica, s. chaetica and s. circumfila. Sensilla circumfila, which consist of several sensilla that bifurcate and fuse into one structure, are unique for the gall midges. In C. nasturtii s. circumfila are sexually dimorphic. In males, they form elongated loops suspended on cuticular spines, whereas in females they run like worm-like structures directly on the antennal surface. Single sensillum recordings demonstrated that olfactory sensory neurons housed in male s. circumfila in C. nasturtii responded to the female sex pheromone. In M. destructor, s. circumfila were attached to the antennal surface in both sexes, and displayed no response to sex pheromone components.A sexual dimorphism was also found in the number of s. trichodea per antennal segment in both C. nasturtii (male 1 vs. female 7) and M. destructor (male 13 vs. female 10). OSNs located in male M. destructor s. trichodea responded to the sex pheromone. This is the first gall midge single sensillum study, and the first demonstration of the functional significance of s. circumfila.     

伪鞘榕小蜂雌雄成虫触角感器的超微形态、分布及适生意义

伪鞘榕小蜂Sycoscapter trifemmensis是一种寄生于鸡嗉子榕间花期榕果的专性寄生蜂,雌雄两性繁殖策略分化明显,为更好理解和诠释雌蜂寄主定位和雄蜂配偶识别机制,有必要对两性的触角感器进行观察。运用环境扫描电镜观察,对比和探讨了伪鞘榕小蜂雌雄成虫的触角和触角感器类型、分布、数量及其生态适应性。结果表明:雌蜂触角鞭节由11鞭小节组成,总长817.82±33.23μm,分布有毛形感器、刺形感器(类型1)、锥形感器(类型1)、多孔板形感器(类型1)、栓锥形乳突状感器5类5种;雄蜂触角鞭节仅由6鞭小节组成,全长为雌蜂的1/3,且各节有明显的缩短和增粗特征,着生感器包括毛形感器、刺形感器(类型2和类型3)、锥形感器(类型1和类型2)、多孔板形感器(类型2)、腔锥形感器5类7种。雌蜂触角感器的数量与分布显著高于雄蜂,且同类型感器在雌蜂上具有明显的延伸、增粗、分支的特征,以板形感器和锥形感器最为突出。伪鞘榕小蜂雌雄成虫的触角及其感器有明显的性二型,特别是与化学信息识别相关的感器,反映了雌雄蜂在不同生态环境和繁殖压力下的形态分化、行为策略和生态适应。