染料木素体外抑制人低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰作用

为探讨染料木素对人低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化修饰的影响,采用铜离子(10 umol/L)体外氧化LDL的方法,观察大豆异黄酮主要成分染料木素(genistein)对LDL氧化过程中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量和维生素E(VitE)水平的影响。结果:10 umol/LCuSO4与100 mg/L LDL共同孵育18 h,MDA含量明显升高,VitE含量明显降低,染料木素(0.25、1.25、2.5、12.5、25、50、125、250 umol/L)能显著降低MDA含量,升高VitE含量(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.02),且呈剂量依赖性。提示一定浓度范围的染料木素体外有抗LDL氧化修饰作用。     

中药止痢灵对淋病流行株的体外抑菌作用

目的：了解止痢灵对淋病流行株的体外抑菌作用。方法：从湛江地区分离出22株淋病流行株,应用打孔法测定止痢灵及其单方的体外抑菌作用,根据抑菌圈直径大小,判定中药的敏感性。结果：复方止痢灵对淋病流行株有较强的抑菌作用;而其单方黄柏、白头翁、苦参对淋球菌的抑菌作用较弱。结论：止痢灵对淋球菌的抑菌作用,为临床治疗淋病及其他泌尿系感染开辟了新的途径,也为耐药菌株的控制提供了理论依据。     

皮质酮在体外快速抑制精氨酸加压素释放的机制

本实验采用离体孵育脑薄片技术,初步探讨了皮质酮快速抑制大鼠下丘脑薄片释放精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）的机制。结果表明：（１）放线菌素Ｄ（基因转录抑制剂）、嘌呤霉素（蛋白质合成抑制剂）和秋水仙碱（轴浆运输阻滞剂）均不影响皮质酮的快速抑制效应;（２）提高孵育液Ｃａ￣(２＋)浓度,ＡＶＰ释放增加,皮质酮的快速抑制效应明显增强;反之,孵育液中无Ｃａ￣(２＋)则ＡＶＰ释放减少,皮质酮的快速抑制效应也减弱;（３）新霉素（抑制细胞膜磷酸肌醇水解）使皮质酮的快速抑制效应增强。（４）氨茶碱（磷酸二酯酶抑制剂）不影响皮质酮的快速抑制效应。提示,皮质酮对大鼠下丘脑薄片释放ＡＶＰ的快速抑制效应没有通过传统的基因组机制,而由非基因纽机制介导,推测可能是影响Ｃａ￣(２＋)的跨细胞膜流动或／和细胞内Ｃａ￣(２＋)释放的结果。     

甲基磺酸乙酯对水稻花药离体培养效应的研究

本文以粳稻“105”、籼稻“华03"和“鄂早6号”为实验材料,研究了不同浓度化学诱变剂EMS处理对离体培养水稻花药中花粉细胞脱分化与再分化和培养初期花药呼吸作用的影响。结果表明,低浓度EMS能显著提高花药愈伤组织诱导率;高浓度EMS则有明显的抑制作用。EMS对培养初期花药呼吸作用的影响与花药愈伤组织诱导率之间存在明显的平行关系。     

雌酚酮体外影响骨生长的形态学研究

目的：从组织形态学角度综合考察雌酚酮在体外对骨吸收和骨形成的影响。方法：１６ｄ胎龄雌性小鼠尺骨在含有雌酚酮的ＢＧＪｂ培养基中旋转培养４８ｈ后,测量骨总长和骨干长度;Ｈ．Ｅ染色,光镜下计数破骨细胞和肥大软骨细胞。结果：当雌酚酮浓度为１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,长骨总长和骨干长均比对照组显著增加;破骨细胞减少,肥大软骨细胞增加。结论：雌酚酮在体外可抑制骨吸收,促进骨形成。     

EFFECTS OF ANOXIA IN VITRO ON CELLULAR RESPIRATION OF BRAIN CORTEX

Abstract— –Anaerobic preincubation of slices of brain cortex from adult rats in saline at 37°C, but not at 20°C, impaired their capacity to oxidize glucose and other substrates. This effect was to a large extent prevented by including either glucose + oxaloacetate, or l -glutamine + l -aspartate +α-oxoglutarate in the medium during anaerobic preincubation, and in addition the anaerobic uptake of water by the tissue was decreased. The respiratory mechanism in slices of brain cortex from 1-day-old rats was much less affected by anoxia and sensitivity to anoxia develops with age.     

吗啡对于蟾蜍离体脊髓的兴奋作用

在蟾蜍离体脊髓标本上,吗啡10~(-5)—10~(-3)M 能增大背根-腹根反射(DR-VRR),此增大作用不被纳洛酮拮抗,但10~(-4)M 的纳洛酮可轻度增大 DR-VRR。含菲核结构的阿片生物碱蒂巴因、可待因的兴奋作用强于吗啡,这三种药物在更高浓度时则抑制、甚至取消 DR-VRR。不含菲核结构的合成镇痛药美沙酮、哌替啶及脑啡肽类似物 FK33-824对 DR-VRR只起抑制作用。虽然吗啡能阻滞脊髓突触前抑制,并以可被纳洛酮逆转的方式取消刺激腹根诱发的背根电位(VR-DDRP),吗啡增大 DR-VRR 并非由于它的去抑制作用。本文结果提示,吗啡的兴奋作用与阿片受体无关,并为含菲核结构的阿片生物碱所特有。     

回转器旋转对体外培养的鸡胚神经元的影响

用回转器旋转研究重力改变对体外培养的鸡胚神经元的影响。结果发现在回转器里经过７－９小时的处理后,神经元的形态和行为发生明显改变。只有６．３％的神经元呈现两极型的运动形态,而对照组正常培养的细胞运动形态的神经元占３４．２％。某些细胞的突起出现异常,呈现扭曲的形状。在培养基质上的神经元伸出许多丝状突起,丝状突起的末端锚定在周围的细胞上或锚定在培养基质上。经过重力改变处理的细胞重新放在相差显微镜下观察,结果显示神经元的运动活性降低,许多细胞没有观察到明显运动的迹象。     

顺天胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文探讨了顺天胶囊(Shun Tian Capsule;STC)在体外对小鼠淋巴免疫功能的影响,实验结果表明,本品浓度在0.25～1.0μml~(-1)范围内明显促进ConA和LPS对淋巴细胞增殖反应,增强诱导淋巴细胞产生IL-2和INF-α。提示,本品具有明显增强免疫功能的作用,最适剂量为0.5～0.75 ug.ml~(-1),并呈浓度依赖性的双向作用。     

吩噻嗪衍生物在体内外对肠道细菌的作用

本工作测试了７种吩噻嗪衍生物在体外对５株好氧或兼性厌氧菌和８９株厌氧菌的最小抑菌浓度,结果表明,吩噻嗪衍生物对细菌（尤其是球菌和厌氧菌）具有一定的抑制作用,但携带可拮抗艰难梭菌肠道定植屏障菌群的悉生小鼠接受２周或４周的Ｃｈｌｏｒｐｒｏｍａｚｉｎｅ（０．２ｍｇ／小鼠／天）并不会使菌群屏障遭破坏。     

补阳还五汤对中风大鼠脑组织中ROS生成的抑制作用

诱发脑中风的分子机理至今尚未清楚,临床研究表明经典验方补阳还五汤治疗脑中风作用显著,但其作用的分子机理也不清楚。运用低温电子顺磁共振(EPR)技术和自旋捕捉EPR技术实验研究了中风大鼠脑组织中ROS的生成情况;并首次直接测定了补阳还五汤对中风大鼠皮层及小脑的活性氧物质(ROS),包括一氧化氮生成的影响。同时还检测了补阳还五汤对体外化学模拟体系产生的超氧阴离子(O2-)和羟自由基(OH)的清除能力。结果表明,与对照组相比,中风大鼠皮层及小脑中的ROS生成明显增多(P<0.05),脑组织中的NO水平也明显升高(P<0.001);补阳还五汤可明显(P<0.05)抑制中风大鼠皮层及小脑中ROS的生成,显著降低NO水平(P<0.05,与中风不给药组比较);补阳还五汤对于体外化学模拟反应生成的02-和OH也有很强的清除能力。由此可认为ROS的生成是导致脑中风的重要分子机理之一,而抑制ROS的生成则可能是补阳还五汤抗脑中风作用的途径之一,同时也说明在中药现代化研究中EPR技术可作为一种有效的研究工具。     

THE EFFECT OF CELL CROWDING ON THE IN VITRO REACTIVITY OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES

The effects of cell crowding on the blastogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin in in vitro cultures of lymphocytes from both normal subjects and from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders were studied. Moderate degrees of cell crowding resulted in enhancement of blast transformation; however, further increases in the degree of crowding produced relative or absolute inhibition of blast transformation, an effect which was more marked in the normal controls than in the lymphoproliferative group. The significance of these findings is discussed.     

五味子甲素对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化的影响

目的　探讨五味子甲素体外对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响。方法　用改良的组织块法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞 ,五味子甲素以不同浓度加入细胞培养体系 ,作用不同时间后 ,用MTT法检测成骨细胞的增殖情况 ;用对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法 (PNPP)测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性 ,用改良的Lowry法测蛋白含量。 结果　五味子甲素在 0 75× 10 -5mol/L及 0 75× 10 -9mol/L浓度范围内 2 4h ,72h ,0 75× 10 -4 ～ 0 75× 10 -7mol/L 48h促进成骨细胞增殖 ,在 0 75× 10 -5～ 0 75× 10 -6mol/L浓度范围内 48h提高成骨细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性。结论　五味子甲素体外能促进成骨细胞的增殖与分化。     

蛇床子素对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化的影响

蛇床子素对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化的影响@王建华$河北医科大学中西医结合研究所!石家庄050017 @宋冬梅$河北医科大学中西医结合研究所!石家庄050017 @刘楠$河北医科大学中西医结合研究所!石家庄050017 @李恩$河北医科大学中西医结合研究所!石家庄050017~~~~~~~~     

乙醇对着床前小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

用含不同浓度乙醇的Whitten氏培养液对小鼠2细胞、4细胞、8细胞和桑椹期胚胎分别进行体外培养,研究了乙醇对小鼠不同发育时期胚胎体外发育的影响。首先利用含0、0．1％、0．5％、1．0％、1．5％、2．0％、3．0％、5．0％和10．0％乙醇的Whitten氏培养液对2细胞胚胎进行培养,发现小鼠2细胞胚胎对培养液中乙醇浓度的耐受极限在1．5％左右。然后又用含1％和3％乙醇的Whitten氏培养液分别对小鼠2细胞、4细胞、8细胞和桑椹期胚胎进行培养。结果发现：含1％乙醇的培养液对于8细胞胚胎和桑椹胚的囊胚形成有促进作用,而在2细胞和4细胞胚胎中则影响不明显。3％乙醇则对各期胚胎均有不同程度的抑制作用,但随着胚胎发育其对乙醇的耐受力逐渐增强。     

EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED EXTRACT ON RUMEN FERMENTATION IN VITRO

Moringa oleifera is a pantropical tree of the family Moringaceae. A previously undescribed property of an aqueous extract from the seeds of this plant is the modulation of ruminal fermentation patterns, especially protein degradation, as demonstrated in a short-term batch incubation system. Gas, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and cellulolytic enzyme activities were determined as general fermentation parameters. A dot blot assay able to directly detect true protein in rumen fluid samples was used to quantify protein degradation. For complex substrates the interpretation of protein degradation profiles was amended by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the samples. When incubated with pure carbohydrates at a concentration of 1 mg ml^–1, the extract reduced microbial degradation of the model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), such that its concentration was at least 40% above the control after 12 h of incubation. Total protein degradation was thus delayed by approximately 9 h. When fermented along with wheat straw, leaf protein (Rubisco) was almost entirely protected during 12 h of fermentation. The degradation of soy proteins was retarded by at least 4- 6 h, depending on the protein band. There were strong side effects on the fermentation of pure cellulose (SCFA yield -60% after 12 h), whereas cellobiose and starch fermentation were less affected (-18 and -8%, respectively). When the complex substrates were fermented, SCFA yield was reduced by approximately 30% after 12 h. In our work we clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the new substance, which is neither a tannin nor a saponin, in an in vitro system, using pure as well as complex substrates. The properties shown in vitro for the crude extract suggest that it could have a positive effect on the protein metabolism of ruminants under intensive management and that negative side effects can be overcome by an optimized dosage. If the chemical nature of the active substance and its mechanism of action can be clarified, it may provide an alternative to replace critical synthetic feed additives (such as antibiotics) for high yielding dairy cows.     

EFFECTS OF SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS ON BRAIN MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED ATPase ACTIVITY IN VITRO

Abstract— The effects of two sulfhydryl reagents, PCMBS ( p -chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid) and NEM ( N -ethylmaleimide) on microtubule-associated Mg²⁺ -and Ca²⁺ -ATPase activity were studied in a MTP (microtubule proteins) preparation and in a MAP (microtubule-associated proteins) fraction. In the MTP preparation at pH 6.8, PCMBS stimulated the Mg²⁺ -ATPase activity at low concentrations and inhibited at higher, whereas the Ca²⁺ -ATPdse activity was only inhibited. NEM affected the activity in a similar way. At pH 8.0 PCMBS was only inhibitory. NEM showed stimulatory effects over a broader concentration range.
Preincubation in the presence of ATP counteracted the stimulatory effects of both PCMBS and NEM on Mg²⁺ -ATPase at pH 6.8.
In the MAP fraction at pH 6.8 PCMBS and NEM caused similar but less pronounced effects on the Mg²⁺ -and Ca²⁺ -ATPase.
The results show that brain microtubule-associated ATPase activity is similar to dynein and myosin ATPases with respect to biphasic alteration by sulfhydryl reagents.