Roseovarius marisflavi sp. nov., isolated from an amphioxus breeding zone in the coastal region of the Yellow Sea, China

A novel Gram stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain H50^T, was isolated from an amphioxus breeding zone in the coastal region of the Yellow Sea, China. Cells were observed to be ovoid or short rods, lacked flagella and were found to contain bacteriochlorophyll a. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate was found to be accumulated. The temperature range for growth was determined to be 0–37 °C (optimum 28–37 °C). The halotolerance range for growth is 1–15 % NaCl (optimum 2–7 %). The pH range for growth is 6.0–8.0 (optimum 7.0). The major fatty acids were identified as C_18:1ω7c and C_16:0. The following polar lipids were found to be present: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and a lipid. The predominant respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-10. DNA G+C content was determined to be 57.7 mol%. Strain H50^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Pelagicola litoralis DSM 18290^T (96.1 %), Roseovarius mucosus DSM 17069^T (95.8 %) and Roseovarius tolerans DSM 11457^T (95.7 %). In the phylogenetic trees, strain H50^T was clustered with the genus Roseovarius but not Pelagicola. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain H50^T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius marisflavi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H50^T (=CGMCC 1.10799^T=JCM 17553^T).     

Roseovarius azorensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater at Espalamaca,Azores

A Gram-negative, motile, non-spore forming, rod shaped aerobic bacterium, designated strain SSW084^T, was isolated from a surface seawater sample collected at Espalamaca (38°33′N; 28°39′W), Azores. Growth was found to occur from 15 to 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 25–100 % seawater or 0.5–7.0 % NaCl in the presence of Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺; no growth was found with NaCl alone. Colonies on seawater nutrient agar were observed to be punctiform, white, convex, circular, smooth, and translucent. Strain SSW084^T did not grow on Zobell marine agar and tryptic soy agar even when seawater supplemented. The major respiratory quinone was found to be Q-10 and the G + C content was determined to be 61.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SSW084^T belongs to the genus Roseovarius and that its closest neighbours are Roseovarius tolerans EL-172^T, Roseovarius mucosus DFL-24^T and Roseovarius lutimaris 112^T with 95.7, 95.4 and 95.3 % sequence similarity respectively. The remaining species of Roseovarius showed <95 % similarity. The polar lipids of strain SSW084^T were determined to be phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The major fatty acids identified were identified as C_18:1 ω7c (52.5 %) and C_16:0 (13.8 %). On the basis of phenotypic, molecular and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SSW084^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which Roseovarius azorensis sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is SSW084^T (=KCTC 32421^T = MTCC 11812^T).     

Roseovarius albus sp. nov., a new Alphaproteobacterium isolated from the Mediterranean Sea

Strain 4SM10^T, an aerobic marine, Gram-negative, heterotrophic and non pigmented bacterium isolated from seawater from Vinaroz in Castellón, Spain, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strain within the Roseobacter clade in the family Rhodobacteraceae. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that strain 4SM10^T forms a stable clade with species of the genus Roseovarius, being related to Roseovarius nubinhibens ISM^T and Roseovarius aestuarii SMK-122^T at 97.5 and 97.4 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity, respectively. Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) values, determined as a measure of overall genomic resemblance, confirmed that strain 4SM10^T does not belong to the same species as R. aestuarii CECT 7745^T and Roseovarius nubinhibens CECT 7750^T displaying ANI values well below the 95 % boundary for genomic species. Strain 4SM10^T requires Na⁺ plus a divalent cation (either Mg²⁺ or Ca²⁺) to grow, reduces nitrate to nitrite and uses a large number of amino acids and organic acids (but no carbohydrates) as sole carbon sources. Enzymatic activities displayed in API ZYM tests are alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase and acid phosphatase. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c (67.1 %). The DNA G+C content was determined to be 54.27 mol%. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data obtained, the name Roseovarius albus sp. nov. is proposed for this novel taxon, with the type strain 4SM10^T (=CECT 7450^T = KCTC 22653^T).     

Tenacibaculum halocynthiae sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi

A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated P-R2A1-2^T, was isolated from sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea, Korea. It grew optimally at 25–28 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain fell within the clade comprising Tenacibaculum species. Strain P-R2A1-2^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.6, 97.2 and 97.0 % to Tenacibaculum aestuarii SMK-4^T, T. lutimaris TF-26^T and T. aiptasiae a4^T, respectively, and of 94.5–96.8 % to the type strains of the other Tenacibaculum species. Strain P-R2A1-2^T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH, iso-C_15:0 3-OH and iso-C_15:0 as the major fatty acids. The DNA G + C content of strain P-R2A1-2^T was 30.7 mol % and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of T. aestuarii, T. lutimaris and T. aiptasiae were 17 ± 4.2, 21 ± 6.1 and 16 ± 5.2 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that the novel strain is separate from other Tenacibaculum species. On the basis of the data presented, strain P-R2A1-2^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum halocynthiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P-R2A1-2^T (=KCTC 32262^T = CCUG 63681^T).     

Tenacibaculum caenipelagi sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from tidal flat sediment

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-flagellated, gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated HJ-26M^T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the Korean peninsula. It grew optimally at 25–30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain fell within the clade comprising Tenacibaculum species, clustering coherently with the type strains of Tenacibaculum lutimaris and Tenacibaculum aestuarii. Strain HJ-26M^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.4 and 98.2 % to T. lutimaris TF-26^T and T. aestuarii SMK-4^T, respectively, and of 94.9–97.4 % to the type strains of the other Tenacibaculum species. Strain HJ-26M^T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain HJ-26M^T was 34.5 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of T. lutimaris and T. aestuarii were 19 and 23 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain HJ-26M^T is separate from other Tenacibaculum species. On the basis of the data presented, strain HJ-26M^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum caenipelagi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HJ-26M^T (= KCTC 32323^T = CECT 8283^T).     

Halocynthiibacter namhaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi

A Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated RA2-3^T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain RA2-3^T was observed to grow optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain RA2-3^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to the type strains of Litoreibacter meonggei (95.7 %), Planktotalea frisia (95.6 %), Thalassobius gelatinovorus (95.5 %) and Pelagicola litoralis (95.4 %). A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain RA2-3^T clustered with the type strains of Planktotalea frisia, Pelagicola litoralis, Pacificibacter maritimus and Roseovarius marinus. Strain RA2-3^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain RA2-3^T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain RA2-3^T was 52.9 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strain RA2-3^T is considered to represent a new genus and species within the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Halocynthiibacter namhaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of H. namhaensis is RA2-3^T (=KCTC 32362^T=NBRC 109999^T).     

Shewanella litorisediminis sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from a tidal flat sediment

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SMK1-12^T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment on the western coast of Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences showed that strain SMK1-12^T belonged to the genus Shewanella, clustering with the type strain of Shewanella amazonensis. Strain SMK1-12^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (97.0 %) and the highest gyrB sequence similarity value (87.8 %) to S. amazonensis SB2B^T, respectively. Strain SMK1-12^T contained simultaneously both menaquinones and ubiquinones; the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) detected in strain SMK1-12^T were the MIDI system summed feature 3 (iso-C_15:0 2-OH and/or C_16:1 ω7c), iso-C_15:0, C_17:1 ω8c and C_16:0. The DNA G+C content of strain SMK1-12^T was 58.0 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with S. amazonensis ATCC 700329^T was 15 ± 4.6 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain SMK1-12^T is distinguishable from recognized Shewanella species. On the basis of the data presented, strain SMK1-12^T is considered to represent a novel Shewanella species, for which the name Shewanella litorisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SMK1-12^T (=KCTC 23961^T = CCUG 62411^T).     

Roseovarius litoreus sp. nov., isolated from seawater of southern coast of Korean peninsula

A gram-negative, non-flagellated and ovoid- to rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GSW-M15^T, was isolated from seawater on the southern coast of South Korea. Strain GSW-M15^T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GSW-M15^T belonged to the genus Roseovarius. Strain GSW-M15^T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values (98.3 and 97.5 %) to Roseovarius halotolerans HJ50^T and Roseovarius pacificus 81-2^T and 92.8-96.2 % sequence similarity values to the type strains of the other Roseovarius species. Strain GSW-M15^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c and 11-methyl-C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain GSW-M15^T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain GSW-M15^T was 62.9 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with R. halotolerans KCTC 22224^T and R. pacificus LMG 24575^T were 33 and 18 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties of strain GSW-M15^T, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that this strain is distinguishable from other Roseovarius species. On the basis of the data presented here, strain GSW-M15^T (=KCTC 23897^T = CCUG 62218^T) represents a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius litoreus sp. nov. is proposed.     

Sabulilitoribacter multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a polysaccharide-degrading bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seashore sand

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated M-M16^T, was isolated from seashore sand around a seaweed farm on the South Sea, South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. Strain M-M16^T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain M-M16^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to the type strains of Gaetbulibacter lutimaris (96.5 %) and Flaviramulus basaltis (95.8 %). Neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain M-M16^T clustered with the type strains of Gaetbulibacter species and F. basaltis. Strain M-M16^T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:1 G, iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain M-M16^T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain M-M16^T was 37.4 mol%. The phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain M-M16^T represents a novel genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Sabulilitoribacter multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of S. multivorans is M-M16^T (= KCTC 32326^T = CCUG 63831^T).     

Pelagicola litorisediminis sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from tidal flat sediment

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated D1-W8^T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the South Sea in South Korea. Strain D1-W8^T was found to grow optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain D1-W8^T clustered with the type strain of Pelagicola litoralis showing 97.1 % sequence identity. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of other species exhibited lower similarity values. Strain D1-W8^T was determined to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain D1-W8^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain D1-W8^T was determined to be 57.9 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness value with the type strain of P. litoralis was 17 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain D1-W8^T is separate from P. litoralis. On the basis of the data presented, strain D1-W8^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pelagicola, for which the name Pelagicola litorisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D1-W8^T (= KCTC 32327^T = CECT 8287^T).     

Thalassococcus lentus sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from seawater of a seaweed farm

A Gram-negative, non-motile and rod- or ovoid-shaped bacterial strain, designated YCS-24^T, was isolated from seawater of a seaweed farm in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain YCS-24^T grew optimally at 25–28 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain YCS-24^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.5 and 97.1 % to the type strains of Thalassobius maritimus and Thalassococcus halodurans, respectively. The neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YCS-24^T clustered with the type strain of T. halodurans. The DNA G+C content of strain YCS-24^T was 58.0 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with T. halodurans JCM 13833^T and T. maritimus GSW-M6^T were 17 ± 6.2 and 23 ± 9.2 %, respectively. The predominant ubiquinone found in strain YCS-24^T was Q-10 and the predominant fatty acid of strain YCS-24^T was C_18:1 ω7c. The major polar lipids of strain YCS-24^T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain YCS-24^T is distinguished from T. halodurans. On the basis of the data presented, strain YCS-24^T (= KCTC 32084^T = CCUG 62791^T) represents a novel species of the genus Thalassococcus, for which the name Thalassococcus lentus sp. nov. is proposed.     

Ruegeria arenilitoris sp. nov., isolated from the seashore sand around a seaweed farm

A Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, G-M8^T, which was isolated from seashore sand around a seaweed farm at Geoje island in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. It grew optimally at 30–37 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain G-M8^T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Ruegeria atlantica and Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis, showing 97.5 % sequence similarity, by a bootstrap resampling value of 85.8 %. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.4–96.7 % to the type strains of the other Ruegeria species. Strain G-M8^T exhibited the highest gyrB sequence similarity value (88.5 %) to the type strain of R. lacuscaerulensis. Strain G-M8^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain G-M8^T was similar to that of R. atlantica KCTC 12424^T. The DNA G+C content of strain G-M8^T was 64.6 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with R. atlantica KCTC 12424^T and R. lacuscaerulensis KCTC 2953^T were 18 ± 5.3 and 10 ± 3.6 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain G-M8^T is distinguished from other Ruegeria species. On the basis of the data presented, strain G-M8^T (=KCTC 23960^T = CCUG 62412^T) represents a novel species of the genus Ruegeria, for which the name Ruegeria arenilitoris sp. nov. is proposed.     

Tenuibacillus halotolerans sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a soil sample from a salt lake in Xinjiang, China and emended description of the genus Tenuibacillus

A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM 94025^T, was isolated from a soil sample from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China. Strain YIM 94025^T was observed to grow at 25–45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0–22 % NaCl (optimum 2–10 %) and pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 8.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Tenuibacillus and exhibited sequence similarity of 98.0 % to the closest type strain, Tenuibacillus multivorans AS 1.3442^T. The predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-7; the cell-wall peptidoglycan diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid; the polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unknown lipid; and the major fatty acids were found to contain iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain YIM 94025^T are consistent with those of the genus Tenuibacillus. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness value between YIM 94025^T and T. multivorans AS 1.3442^T was 36.6 ± 4.5 %. The G+C content of the strain YIM 94025^T was determined to be 38.5 %. Based on the comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, as well as DNA–DNA hybridization results, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tenuibacillus, for which the name Tenuibacillus halotolerans sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain of YIM 94025^T (=CCTCC AB 2012860^T = KCTC 33046^T).     

Algoriphagus boseongensis sp. nov., a member of the family Cyclobacteriaceae isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, BS-R1^T, was isolated from a tidal flat at Boseong, South Korea. Strain BS-R1^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BS-R1^T belongs to the genus Algoriphagus, clustering consistently with the type strain of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, with which it exhibited 98.4 % sequence similarity. Sequence similarities between strain BS-R1^T and the type strains of the other Algoriphagus species were between 92.7 and 97.0 %. Strain BS-R1^T was found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain BS-R1^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with A. mannitolivorans KACC 11349^T was 17 ± 5 %. The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain BS-R1^T is distinguishable from the other Algoriphagus species as well as A. mannitolivorans. On the basis of the data presented, strain BS-R1^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus boseongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS-R1^T (=KCTC 32580^T = CECT 8446^T).     

Halococcus sediminicola sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a marine sediment

A novel, red-pigmented and coccoid haloarchaeon, designated strain CBA1101^T, was isolated from a marine sediment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CBA1101^T is most closely related to the genus Halococcus in the family Halobacteriaceae. Strain CBA1101^T had a highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.4 % with Halococcus dombrowskii DSM 14522^T, followed by 93.7–98.3 % with sequences of other type strains in the genus Halococcus. The RNA polymerase subunit B′ gene sequence similarity of strain CBA1101^T with that of Halococcus qingdaonensis JCM 13587^T is 89.5 % and lower with those of other members of the genus Halococcus. Strain CBA1101^T was observed to grow at 25–40 °C, pH 6.0–9.0 and in the presence of 15–30 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 35–40 °C, pH 7.0 and with 20 % NaCl. The cells of strain CBA1101^T are Gram-negative and did not lyse in distilled water. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglyerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, sulfated diglycosyl diether, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified glycolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined 66.0 mol%. The DNA–DNA hybridization experiment showed that there was less than 40 % relatedness between strain CBA1101^T and the reference species in the genus Halococcus. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strain CBA1101^T is considered to represent a new species in the genus Halococcus, for which the name Halococcus sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA1101^T (=JCM 18965^T = CECT 8275^T).     

Algibacter miyuki sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from leachate of a brown algae reservoir

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated WS-MY6^T, was isolated from a brown algae reservoir in South Korea. Strain WS-MY6^T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WS-MY6^T clustered with the type strains of Algibacter lectus and ‘Algibacter undariae’, showing 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.1 and 98.4 %, respectively. It exhibited sequence similarities of 95.4–96.7 % to the type strains of the other Algibacter species, Pontirhabdus pectinovorans and Marinivirga aestuarii, whose reclassification into the genus Algibacter has been recently proposed. Strain WS-MY6^T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:1 G, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. It contained phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. The DNA G + C content of strain WS-MY6^T was 35.3 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with A. lectus KCTC 12103^T and ‘A. undariae’ WS-MY9^T was 21 and 13 %, respectively. The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties revealed that strain WS-MY6^T is separate from existing Algibacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain WS-MY6^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algibacter, for which the name Algibacter miyuki sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS-MY6^T (=KCTC 32382^T =CECT 8300^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microbacterium rhizosphaerae</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from a Ginseng field,South Korea

A novel Gram-stain positive, aerobic, short rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated strain CHO1^T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil from a ginseng agriculture field. Strain CHO1^T was observed to form yellow colonies on R2A agar medium. The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, d-ornithine and serine. The cell wall sugars were identified as galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. Strain CHO1^T was found to contain MK-11, MK-12, MK-13 as the predominant menaquinones and anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, and anteiso-C_17:0 as the major fatty acids. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified glycolipids were found to be present in strain CHO1^T. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CHO1^T was found to be closely related to Microbacterium mangrovi DSM 28240^T (97.81 % similarity), Microbacterium immunditiarum JCM 14034^T (97.45 %), Microbacterium oryzae JCM 16837^T (97.33 %) and Microbacterium ulmi KCTC 19363^T (97.10 %) and to other species of the genus Microbacterium. The DNA G+C content of CHO1^T was determined to be 70.1 mol %. The DNA–DNA hybridization values of CHO1^T with M. mangrovi DSM 28240^T, M. immunditiarum JCM 14034^T, M. oryzae JCM 16837^T and M. ulmi KCTC 19363^T were 46.7 ± 2, 32.4 ± 2, 32.0 ± 2 and 29.2 ± 2 %, respectively. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, it is concluded that strain CHO1^T represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. rhizosphaerae is CHO1^T (= KEMB 7306-513^T = JCM 31396^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Roseovarius tibetensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from Lake LongmuCo on Tibetan Plateau

Two Gram-stain negative halophilic strains, designated as LM2^T and LM4, were isolated from Lake LongmuCo on Tibetan Plateau. These two strains were aerobic, catalaseand oxidase-positive, nonmotile and rod-shaped organisms. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that LM2^T and LM4 belong to the genus Roseovarius, with Roseovarius tolerans EL-172^T (97.3% and 97.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) and Roseovarius azorensis SSW084^T (95.5% and 95.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) as their closest neighbors. Q-10 was the sole respiratory quinone of these two strains. The major fatty acids were C_18:1ω7c/C_18:1ω6c, C_16:0, C_19:0 cyclo ω8c, and 11-methyl C_18:1ω7c. The polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G + C content was between 64.2 and 64.5 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization showed 96.7% relatedness between LM2^T and LM4, 24.9% relatedness between LM2^T and R. tolerans EL-172^T, and 36.3% relatedness between LM4 and R. tolerans EL-172^T. Based on phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics, LM2^T and LM4 belong to the same species and were clearly distinguished from the type strains of the genus Roseovarius. It was evident that LM2^T and LM4 could be classified as a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius tibetensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LM2^T (= CGMCC 1.16230^T = KCTC 62028^T).