腔阔盘吸虫尾蚴及后蚴穿刺腺等腺体的组织化学及其功能的初步研究

本文报道应用组织化学反应方法初步观察了腔阔盘吸虫(Eurytrema coelomaticum)尾蚴及后蚴体中单细胞腺的组织化学成分及其生理功能。尾蚴的5对大单细胞腺主要分泌粘蛋白、酸性粘多糖及微量碱性蛋白质,当子胞蚴被排到外界时,此腺体物质分泌出充满子胞蚴内囊腔并包被着各尾蚴。尾蚴在此腺体分泌物保护下渡过其在外界生存的时间。尾蚴的4对小单细胞腺主要包含中性糖蛋白及结合氨基的蛋白质(可能是含酶物质),此腺体物质可能是在尾蚴进入昆虫宿主(草螽)体内穿钻其胃壁进入血腔时分泌出能溶解胃壁组织帮助尾蚴的穿钻行为。成熟后蚴的穿刺腺对PAS反应呈强阳性,其分泌物可以溶解囊蚴的囊壁,使后蚴迅速脱囊。各幼虫期其他器官组织的组化成分也经观察。     

青海高原二种双腔吸虫尾蚴腺体组织化学的比较观察

本文报道应用组织化学反应方法观察了青海高原中华双腔吸虫尾蚴及暂称为“B”型双腔尾蚴(可能是枝双腔尾蚴)二种单细胞腺体的组化成分及其生理功能。大单细胞腺体12—13对,内含丰富的碳水化合物——蛋白质复合物象粘蛋白之类物质,及酸性粘多糖。小单细胞腺3对,含结合氨基的蛋白质及甲性糖蛋白。二种双腔吸虫在贝类宿主体内子胞蚴及尾蚴组化威分很相似但从尾蚴粘液腺的结构可以区分二虫种。中华双腔吸虫粘球内包绕在尾蚴体外的粘液含丰富的粘蛋白。双腔吸虫幼虫期组化成分与阔盘吸虫相应的幼虫期进行了比较。     

中口短咽吸虫Brachylaima mesostoma(Rud.,1803)Baer,1933的生活史研究(Trematoda:Brachylaimidae)

寄生于鸟类和哺乳类的短咽科(Brachylaimidae)中的短咽属(Brachylaima)吸虫经记述有60余种,但有关生活史的报道不上10种。本文报道在福州二种陆地蜗牛,Bradybaena similaris和Cathaica ravida sieboldtiana,体内所见的一种短咽类吸虫的幼虫期包括胞蚴,尾蚴和后期尾蚴的观察。因此成熟的后期尾蚴人工感染八哥(Acridotheres c.cristatellus)雏鸟获得中口短咽吸虫(Brachylaima mesostoma)的成虫。本吸虫的天然终宿主在福州有八哥和黑鸫(Turdus merulamandarinus)。     

面状前吻吸虫生活史的研究

本文报告面状前吻吸虫的全程生活史。首次发现其第一中间宿主－寻氏肌蛤通过大量的观察研究确认其胞蚴只有一代，尾蚴和囊蚴都有不同程度的现象，同时还指出后蚴的发育与水温有密切关系。     

日本血吸虫胞蚴期超微结构的初步观察

本文用扫描与透射电镜观察了我国大陆品系37日和45日龄日本血吸虫母胞蚴及其体内未成熟子胞蚴体被的结构。同时观察了取自螺肝组织的62日龄成熟子胞蚴。初次揭示日本血吸虫胞蚴期体被的超微结构,基本上与曼氏血吸虫胞蚴期相似。日本血吸虫母胞蚴和成熟子胞蚴除体被无体棘外,其他很相似。比较未成熟的子胞蚴与未成熟的尾蚴,揭示外质膜由两层结构构成;随后,外层结构溶化消失,而同时出现微绒毛。构成这样母子二代胞蚴及其体内胚胎既相同又有差别,认为与幼虫寄生部位及生殖生理状态有关。     

福建腹口吸虫种类及生活史的研究

一、前言 腹口类吸虫由于其口孔开在身体腹面中央部位而不同于所有口孔开在前端的复殖类吸虫。本类吸虫的各幼虫期,如具纤毛棒的毛蚴、分支的胞蚴以及牛首状的尾蚴等特征也和前口类吸虫的各幼虫期有显著的差别。自从1819年Rudolphi发现腹口吸虫至今世界各地报道的种类已有一百七十余种,但是,在这许多种类中,进行过生活史研究的只有十     

范尼道佛吸虫的生活史研究

范尼道佛吸虫的生活史包括毛蚴、胞蚴、尾蚴、囊蚴和成虫5个阶段。它的第一中间宿主为淡水壳菜,第二中间宿主为多种小型鲤形目和鲇形目鱼类,终末宿主是鳜。文中对这种吸虫的胞蚴、尾蚴、囊蚴和成虫的形态特征以及尾蚴的行为特征进行了观察和描述。在用人工方法成功地将尾蚴感染青后,对不同发育阶段的囊蚴在鱼体内的形态变化和器官发育进行了观察。       

外睾吸虫幼虫期的早期发育及贝类宿主淋巴细胞的反应

日本血吸虫病的媒介钉螺也是外睾吸虫的中间宿主。本文报告外睾吸虫早期幼虫在钉螺及窄口螺的寄特发育形式及贝类宿主的反应情况。贝类宿主吞食外睾吸虫虫卵后１２天,毛蚴体体中的胚细胞已穿过宿主胃肠壁分散在其外围组织中。螺体在其头颈部产生大量血淋巴细胞并下行到内脏团包围虫体的胚细胞。生存的虫体胚细胞分散地通过宿主循环系统被送到消化腺及生殖腺的间隙中发育成早期雷蚴胚球。在雷蚴胚球周围尚有开始消退的宿主血淋巴细胞     

斯氏狸殖吸虫成虫组织化学观察

斯氏狸殖吸虫成虫实质组织及虫卵含糖原最多,其次是表皮、肌组织和生殖腺。酸性粘多糖仅见于卵黄腺。脂类以肠上皮和卵黄腺含量为多。蛋白质主要含在卵黄腺、肠上皮和肌肉内。酸性磷酸酶以肠上皮,排泄囊上皮,表皮和皮层细胞反应最强。碱性磷酸酶主要位于卵黄腺和皮层。最后讨论了各组织器官的主要组化组成及其生理意义。     

闽南淡水螺寄生吸虫幼虫期的调查

本文报道在闽南的漳平、龙海、南安检查了四种淡水螺(耳萝卜螺、放逸短沟蜷、纹沼螺、瘤拟黑螺)共2532只,经检查有13种吸虫的幼虫期,并对其中的中华唐似吸虫和二种异形种吸虫进行了动物感染实验,结果于后。一、中华唐似吸虫Tangiopsis chinensis地点;漳平。放逸短沟蜷(Semisulcospira li-bertlna)是新查见的宿主,感染率为2.5%(32/1264)。螺体内查见雷蚴和尾蚴。该蜷以其尾蚴感染介蚤和剑水蚤均未成功。二、包氏毛毕吸虫Trichobilharzia paoi地点:龙海、南安。耳萝卜螺(Radix auri-cularia)感染率为4.56%(24/526)。在螺体内发现其胞蚴和尾…     

Ultrastructure of the daughter sporocyst and developing cercaria of Schistosoma japonicum in experimentally infected snails, Oncomelania hupensis hupensis

Ultrastructure of daughter sporocysts and cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum were studied 2 and 4 months after infection of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis. The body walls of daughter sporocysts are similar at all infectious stages. They consist of an external syncytial tegument on a basement membrane, and an internal cellular subtegument surrounding a body cavity containing developing cercariae. The cercariae embryos develop 2 months after infection from germinal balls in the brood chamber of the daughter sporocyst. They are at first enveloped by a primitive epithelium rising from the daughter sporocyst. Four months after infection, the cercariae were almost fully developed and the primitive epithelium had degenerated. The body wall of the cercaria consists of a thin tegument covered by a surface coat of fibrous material and connected to the subtegumental cells by cytoplasmic processes. The matrix of the tegument contains numerous dense bodies, vacuoles, and spines. Two types of sensory structures - uniciliated and multiciliated - are found at the anterior tip of the cercaria. There are five pairs of penetration gland cells of two distinct types differentiated by the morphology of secretory granules. Flame cells are found in both daughter sporocysts and in cercariae. The cilia of the flame cells are characterized by the typical 9 and 2 cilium pattern.     

Experimental research on the biological cycle of Phyllodistomum elongatum Nybelin, 1926 (Digenea: Gorgoderidae Looss, 1901)]

Experimental infection of Tinca tinca and Carassius auratus have demonstrated that Cercaria duplicata von Baer, 1827 is the larval form of Phyllodistomum elongatum Nybelin, 1926 and that the life-cycle occurs between Anodonta cygnea (intermediate host) and Tinca tinca or Carassius auratus (final host) without a second intermediate host. The life-history experimentally completed in the laboratory occurs in the following way: -- adult in the ureters of Tinca tinca and Carassius auratus; -- mother sporocyst and daughter sporocyst of Phyllodistorum elongatum in Anodonta cygnea give rise to the large-tailed rhopalocercous cercaria; -- metacercaria encysted within transformed tail in water.     

The effect of different temperatures on the development of intra-molluscan stages of

The duration of various development stages of inside the intermediate host were determined at different constant temperatures ranged from 12° to 30°C. The rate of development of sporocyst, redia, daughter redia and cercaria was accelerated as a result of increasing the temperature. Thus, an increase in the incubation temperatures from 15° to 30°C reduced the duration of sporocyst from 21 to 4 days, the redia from 37 to 11 days, daughter redia from 53 to 22 days and the cercaria from 73 to 25 days. At 12°C, the parasite developed to redial stage only and it required 51 days. Cercaria formation was observed at temperatures between 15 to 30°C. The highest cercaria output/snail was observed at 15°C and the lowest at 30°C.     

The effect of different temperatures on the development of intra-molluscan stages of Fasciola gigantica

The duration of various development stages of $\text{Fasciola gigantica}$ inside the intermediate host $\text{Lymnaea auricularia}$ were determined at different constant temperatures ranged from 12° to 30°C. The rate of development of sporocyst, redia, daughter redia and cercaria was accelerated as a result of increasing the temperature. Thus, an increase in the incubation temperatures from 15° to 30°C reduced the duration of sporocyst from 21 to 4 days, the redia from 37 to 11 days, daughter redia from 53 to 22 days and the cercaria from 73 to 25 days. At 12°C, the parasite developed to redial stage only and it required 51 days. Cercaria formation was observed at temperatures between 15 to 30°C. The highest cercaria output/snail was observed at 15°C and the lowest at 30°C.     

Lecithochirium furcolabiatum (Jones 1933), Dawes 1947: the miracidium and mother sporocyst.

Experimental infections of the marine topshell Gibbula umbilicalis with Lecithochirium furcolabiatum (Digenea: Hemiuroidea) have allowed the development of a model system which will enable further studies of the molluscan host response. The long-lived intertidal prosobranch host is easily maintained in the laboratory, and experimental infection rates of 98% were consistently achieved. The miracidium and mother sporocyst have been studied at both light and ultrastructural levels, providing the first account of the morphology of these stages in Hemiuridae. The ingested egg hatches within the host intestine, treatment with L-cysteine and alkaline pH stimulating miracidial emergence in vitro. The general body surface of the miracidium is devoid of spines or cilia, the latter being restricted to four plates near the anterior extremity. The miracidium swims actively prior to penetration of the gut wall, the sporocyst being released from the miracidial epidermal coat within the haemocoel. Within 5 weeks of infection, the filamentous mother sporocyst contains 1 to 3 oval germ balls, daughter sporocysts being recorded free within the digestive gland haemocoel 7 weeks later. Twenty three weeks after ingestion of eggs, the daughter sporocyst extends into the host gill filaments, containing cystophorous cercariae ready for emergence.     

Emergence of the cercariae of Gorgoderina vitelliloba from daughter sporocysts

The daughter sporocyst of Gorgoderina vitelliloba develops attached to the gills of its molluscan host, Pisidium. It has a conical attachment structure at one end of its body through which the birth pore opens. Cercariae emerge through the birth pore, their passage being apparently lubricated by copious secretions from the stylet glands. Only after emergence does the anterior tail chamber envelop the cercarial body to form the typical cystocercous cercaria. When sporocysts were freed from gill tissue and maintained in vitro, cercariae failed to escape from the sporocyst and several encysted, in situ. It is suggested that if this occurred naturally a different host range would be encountered and the long term result might be the evolution of a new species.     

钉螺体内日本血吸虫尾蚴发育期的形态及其扫描电镜观察

本文通过活体标本、连续切片、全封标本及扫描电镜观察了大陆品系日本血吸虫Schistosomajaponicum子胞蚴体内尾蚴发育期的形态。日本血吸虫尾蚴发育分为五期,即胚细胞期、胚球期、尾蚴雏体期、成熟前期和成熟期。与曼氏血吸虫尾蚴发育进行比较,日本血吸虫尾蚴在胚球期无极化现象;尾蚴雏体期的尾芽形态多非圆球形,尾叉形成较早。钻腺及焰细胞均在此期发生,较曼氏血吸虫尾蚴早。除了上述头器、头腺、钻腺、焰细胞及消化器官进一步发育外,体内散在胚细胞结集为生殖始基,体表感觉乳突分化与体尾肌细胞的发育,尾蚴从成熟前期过渡到成熟期。 电镜首次原位观察尾蚴发育在子胞蚴育腔内的自然状态。尽管偶尔可见到胞蚴体壁与胚元之间某些结构联系,但大部份的胚元各自独立混杂在育腔之中。此外尚注意到尾蚴体棘发生在成熟前期,但其密度较成熟尾蚴小,而其大小却比成熟尾蚴的大。尾蚴头器上感觉乳突和围褶可能先于内部腺体细胞的分化。     

A review of the currently recognised opecoelid cercariae,including the identification and emergence ecology of Cercaria capricornia XII (Digenea: Opecoelidae) from Nassarius olivaceus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland,Australia

A new opecoelid cercaria, Cercaria capricornia XII, is reported from Nassarius olivaceus in Capricornia, Central Queensland, Australia. Combined molecular and morphological data indicate that this cercaria is a member of the subfamily Opecoelinae. Cercaria capricornia XII is the first known opecoeline cercaria reported from a nassariid gastropod. Cercaria capricornia XII can be distinguished from other opecoelid cercariae by the combination of the presence of a 2-pointed stylet, body length and width, and the size of the tail. The emergence pattern for C. capricornia XII in captivity was erratic; rapid emergences of thousands of cercariae were interspersed by periods that sometimes exceeded a month in which no emergence occurred. There was no detectable pattern to or stimulus of the emergence. The molluscan host range of opecoelids is analysed in detail. Gastropods from the Buccinoidea, Cerithioidea and Rissooidea are hosts to both opecoeline and plagioporine cercariae, but the dominant subfamily infecting the Cerithioidea and Rissooidea is the Plagioporinae. The dominant marine host gastropod superfamily for opecoeline cercariae is the Buccinoidea; the family Nassariidae is contained in the Buccinoidea. The range of gastropod superfamilies known as hosts of plagioporines is much broader than that for opecoelines, which may be explained by the relative size of the two opecoelid families and perhaps by indications that the Plagioporinae is polyphyletic.