双孢蘑菇子实体营养成分分析

测定了双孢蘑菇子实体中氨基酸、矿质元素、多糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、粗纤维、核苷酸、维生素C和SOD等含量。结果表明,粗蛋白含量为37．86％,在测定的18种氨基酸中含有17种氨基酸,8种必须氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的42．30％;必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值（E／N）为0．73。还含有丰富的多糖、纤维素、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和核苷酸类物质。     

日本臭菘不同部位氨基酸和粗蛋白含量的测定

为了更好的开发和利用日本臭菘资源,对日本臭菘各组织的氨基酸和粗蛋白含量进行了测定。结果显示,日本臭菘花、叶和根的氨基酸总含量分别为16.23%、19.45%、12.46%;日本臭菘花、叶、根中粗蛋白含量分别为25.32%、27.10%、17.78%。结果表明,日本臭菘叶中的粗蛋白总含量和氨基酸含量最高,根中的粗蛋白含量和氨基酸含量最低。     

利用多菌种混合发酵降解饼粕中粗蛋白的实验研究

对凝结芽孢杆菌、圆孢芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌和球形芽孢杆菌在菜籽饼粕中混合发酵降低其大分子粗蛋白含量提高游离氨基酸含量的发酵工艺进行了研究。结果表明其最佳发酵工艺条件：4种菌种接种量比例为(1：1：3：1),含水量60％,接种量15％,发酵25d,粗蛋白降解率达41．98％,游离氨基酸含量提高10．18倍。为工业上生产菌肥提供了理论基础。     

经大豆DNA溶液处理的水稻后代种子的粗蛋白的氨基酸含量分？…

以大豆为外源ＤＮＡ供体,用浸种及幼苗期浇灌法和花粉管通道法直接将大豆总ＤＮＡ导入受体水稻,经常规栽培获得水稻后代种子。采用微量凯氏定氮法和氨基酸自动分析仪进行水稻后代种子糙米的粗蛋白含量和氨基酸含量的测定。结果显示：三组经大豆ＤＮＡ溶液处理获得的水稻后代种子糙米粗蛋白平均含量分别为１６．４２％、１６．８０％和１９．８７％,与对照组相比有明显提高,统计分析都达到极显的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;在氨基酸     

猪苓营养菌丝与栽培菌核蛋白质成分的分析

对猪苓(Polyporus umbellate)营养菌丝与栽培菌核中蛋白质的氨基酸种类及含量进行了测定。结果表明,猪苓营养菌丝中各物质质量分数是:粗蛋白325.9g·kg-1,必需氨基酸总量34.924 g·kg-1,氨基酸总量91.956 g·kg-1;栽培菌核中各物质质量分数是:粗蛋白49.1 g·kg-1,必需氨基酸总量8.465 g·kg-1,氨基酸总量35.847 g·kg-1。营养菌丝中所含粗蛋白、氨基酸的量显著高于栽培菌核中粗蛋白、氨基酸的量。     

小麦叶片中硝酸还原酶活性、游离氨基酸和粗蛋白含量与籽粒蛋白质含量关系研究

试验以５个八倍体小偃麦、野生二粒小麦、硬粒小麦和１３个普通小麦品种（系）为材料,研究了叶片中硝酸还原酶活性（ＮＲＡ）、氨基酸和粗蛋白含量与籽粒蛋白质含量之间的关系。结果表明,叶片中ＮＲＡ在拔节、抽穗、开花三个生育时期与籽粒蛋白质含量存在显著的正相关系;叶片中氨基酸总量与籽粒蛋白质含量在拔节和抽穗期显著相关,在开花期相关不显著;抽穗期旗叶中粗蛋白含量与籽粒蛋白质含量相关显著。籽粒蛋白质含量高的基因型材料其叶片中ＮＲＡ、氨基酸和粗蛋白含量一般高于低蛋白基因型材料,三者的变化趋势一致,这反映了不同基因型Ｎ素代谢的特点。因此适宜生育时期叶片中ＮＲＡ、氨基酸和粗蛋白含量可作为品质育种选择过程中的参考生理指标。     

魔芋块茎的营养成分

魔芋块茎中粗蛋白含量5—10％,氨基酸16种总含量6.5—8％,必需氨基酸有7种。切片加工的精粉,氨基酸种类不变,但含量只有块茎中的2/5。块茎含有40—45％左右的淀粉,此外还含有单糖、多糖和粗纤维,其中粗纤维含量约4—4.5％左右。魔芋精粉中含有葡甘露聚糖48—65％左右。其含量越高,质量也越好,经济价值也就越高。     

葡萄皮中粗蛋白提取条件的研究

利用葡萄饮料厂生产的废料葡萄皮提取粗蛋白,并对影响粗蛋白提取率的几个因素进行了研究。这些因素包括提取溶剂的选择、提取剂浓度、提取温度、提取时间等,并设计正交实验选取最佳提取条件,即:以NaOH溶液为提取剂,NaOH浓度为0.8 mol·L-1,提取温度70℃,提取时间为80min。提取得到的粗蛋白中蛋白质质量分数为71.38％。     

黄边大龙虱的营养分析

分析了黄边大龙虱的营养成分,结果表明,黄边大龙虱的虫体及翅都具有丰富的营养,翅含有粗蛋白35.18％、粗脂肪6．20％、灰分1．06％,都高于虫体相应成分的含量,虫体含有粗蛋白10．98％、粗脂肪4．44％、灰分0．57％,含有丰富的矿物元素和氨基酸,其必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为93．38,为一种优质蛋白质食品。     

越冬期大鸨粪便氨基酸组成与消化能力分析

为评估陕西黄河湿地大鸨越冬期营养状况,于2012年1～2月收集大鸨新鲜粪便并对粪便中的蛋白质、灰分和氨基酸含量等做了测定.结果显示,粪便中粗蛋白、粗灰分含量分别为40.25％、19.81％.谷氨酸含量最高,为0.55％,组氨酸含量最低,为0.10％.粪便中豆苗、豆瓣、麦苗、麦粒、玉米、杂物的干物质比重分别为0.47％、4.05％、84.80％、6.75％、2.86％、1.07％.结果表明,麦苗是粪便干物质的主要成分,但相对大鸨越冬食性而言,麦苗粗蛋白含量偏低.粪便中谷氨酸、甘氨酸、天门冬氨酸和丙氨酸含量较大,这对优化大鸨对食物的选择方面起一定作用.     

Estimate of chitin in raw whole insects

Insects contain significant amounts of fiber as measured by crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF) or neutral detergent fiber (NDF). It has always been assumed that the fiber in insects represents chitin based on the structural similarity between cellulose and chitin and the fact that the ADF fraction from insects contains nitrogen. In this study, a number of insect species that are raised commercially as food for insectivores were analyzed for moisture, crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25), fat, ash, NDF, ADF, and amino acids. Additionally, the ADF fraction was analyzed for nitrogen and amino acids to determine if proteins might be present in the ADF fraction. The ADF fraction contained a significant amount of amino acids accounting for 9.3–32.7% of the ADF (by weight). The presence of amino acids in the ADF fraction means that using ADF to estimate insect chitin results in an overestimation of insect chitin content. Using ADF adjusted for its amino acid content, the estimated chitin content of these insect species ranged from 2.7–49.8 mg/kg (as is) and 11.6–137.2 mg/kg (dry matter basis). Additionally, these data suggest that for the species measured here the amount of chitin nitrogen is quite small (as a % of total nitrogen) and that crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) provides a reasonable estimate of the true protein for most species of insects. Zoo Biol 0:1–11, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Isolation, purification and preliminary studies on fish eye lens glycoprotein

Glycoprotein from the eye lens of fish, Mystus cavasius, was isolated by extraction with 1% Triton X-100 in saline. The crude extract which was found to be electrophoretically heterogeneous was fractionated on a DEAE-cellulose column. One of the fractions obtained in major amount was further resolved by column chromatography using Sephadex G-150 into two homogeneous fractions (GP-1 and GP-2]. GP-1 contained carbohydrates (11.2%) and protein (77.5%). The constituent sugars were D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactosamine and N-acetyl neuraminic acid. The principal amino acids were aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. The proportions of these residues were determined.     

松乳菇中氨基酸及其它营养素含量的测定

以秦巴山区野生松乳菇子实体为材料 ,分别对其菌盖和菌柄样品中氨基酸、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖、灰分及微量元素的含量进行了测定。结果表明 :在所测定的 1 7种氨基酸中 ,菌盖含有 1 7种 ,菌柄含 1 6种 ,氨基酸总含量分别为 1 9.89%和 1 3 .79% ;必需氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的 3 6.75 %和 3 5 .95 %。菌盖和菌柄中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖、灰分含量分别为 2 4 .2 7% ,1 9.0 3 % ;6.84 % ,5 .0 2 % ;1 1 .5 2 % ,1 5 .2 6% ;3 7.4 1 % ,2 3 .89%和 7.4 2 % ,5 .2 8%。钙、铁、锌、铜、锰 5种微量元素中 ,铁含量最高 ,在菌盖和菌柄样品中分别为 0 .1 68% ,0 .1 2 %     

Purification and partial characterization of goose ceruloplasmin

The preparation and properties of ceruloplasmin from goose blood plasma are described. Ammonium sulfate was used to precipitate the crude protein followed by adsorption and elution from DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Further treatment with an ethanol-chloroform mixture and Sephadex G-200 yielded an intensely blue protein possessing a high degree of chemical purity and biological activity. Goose ceruloplasmin, existing in two forms, appears to be a single polypeptide, apparent Mr121,300, with an A610/A280 ratio of 0.07. Copper represented 0.32%, which corresponded to six atoms of copper per protein molecule. Although the amount of EPR-detectable copper was the same as in mammalian ceruloplasmins there were some differences in EPR parameters, mainly in A parallel. Goose ceruloplasmin's amino acid composition, although similar in many residues to human ceruloplasmin, was lower in tyrosine, cystine/cysteine, and acidic amino acids. Valine was found as the N-terminal amino acid. Hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid, and fucose accounted for 6.65% of the weight. Goose protein contained only half the sialic acid of human ceruloplasmin. Two values for Km using either p-phenylenediamine (0.64 and 0.053 mM) or o-dianisidine (0.76 and 0.15 mM) were evaluated from Lineweaver-Burk plots. EPR studies on reactions with water radiolysis products at cryogenic temperatures allowed us to discover that goose ceruloplasmin, like human and bovine ceruloplasmins, possesses superoxide dismutase activity.     

Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of Broussonetia papyrifera fruits

Fruits of Broussonetia papyrifera from South China were analyzed for their total chemical composition, and antioxidant activities in ethanol and aqueous extracts. In the fruit of this plant, the crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates was 7.08%, 3.72% and 64.73% of dry weight, respectively. The crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates were 15.71%, 20.51% and 36.09% of dry weight, respectively. Fatty acid and amino acid composition of the fruit were analyzed. Unsaturated fatty acid concentration was 70.6% of the total fatty acids. The percentage of the essential amino acids (EAAs) was 40.60% of the total amino acids. Furthermore, B. papyrifera fruit are rich in many mineral elements and vitamins. Total phenolic content was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, whereas antioxidant activities were assessed by measuring the ability of the two extracts to scavenge DPPH radicals, inhibit peroxidation, and chelate ferric ions. Their reducing power was also assessed. Results indicated that the aqueous extract of B. papyrifera was a more potent reducing agent and radical-scavenger than the ethanol extract. GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract showed the presence of some acid-containing compounds. The changes in total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in B. papyrifera from four different regions grown under normal conditions were assessed. The antioxidant activity of different extracts was positively associated with their total phenolic content. These results suggest that the fruit of B. papyrifera could be used in dietary supplement preparations, or as a food additive, for nutritional gain, or to prevent oxidation in food products.     

米老排叶片营养成分与利用前景分析

为探讨米老排(Mytilaria laosensis)叶片的潜在利用价值和开发前景,对其叶片的营养成分进行了测定.结果表明,9 a生植株的幼嫩叶片中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和水分含量显著低于成熟叶片;2 a生和10 a生米老排叶片的膳食纤维含量均超过50％,总糖含量为15.04％～16.25％;幼树叶片的维生素C含量[1651m...     

Balancing the amino acid needs of the dairy cow

In order to maximize milk protein production, one must present sufficient amounts of the essential amino acids to the intestinal tract in forms that can be absorbed. We do not know the specific tissue-level amino acid requirements of lactating cows, but they are likely to be similar to the amino acid content of milk protein with requirements for other metabolic functions similar to those in nonruminants. Formulating diets to meet these amino acid requirements is complicated because much of the dietary crude protein is converted to rumen microbial protein. Knowing the amount of dietary crude protein converted to ruminal microbial protein and the amino acid content of the rumen microbes; and the proportion of ruminally undegradable protein, its postruminal digestibility and amino acid content will allow one to make a reasonable estimate of the quality of protein presented for gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. Hypothetical calculations indicate potential dietary differences in quality of protein presented for absorption. Many of these differences correspond very well with production responses observed in research trials. Failure of this system to explain production results in other studies points to areas where additional information is still needed.