T4病毒科一个新成员的分离鉴定

从松毛虫中分离一种球状二十面体病毒粒子.病毒直径为44nm.通过低温冷冻电镜技术和计算机图像处理技术,研究了该病毒衣壳的三维结构.结果表明,病毒颗粒具双层结构,衣壳由240个亚基组成,分布于T=4的二十面体上.病毒核酸地衣酚反应呈阳性,联苯胺反应呈阴性结果.而紫外吸收实验则呈明显的单链特征,辅以酶消化实验的结果,证实该病毒为单链RNA病毒.琼脂糖电泳显示该病毒RNA分子大小约为5.2kb.SDS-聚丙烯酰胺电泳表明该病毒结构蛋白有一条大小约为52kD主带和一条弱带(39kD).本病毒是T4病毒科的一名新成员,这是我国首次报告的T4病毒科的病毒.     

一种含有单链RNA的香菇球状病毒

从生长不正常的香菇(Lentinus edodes(Berk.)Sing)菌株中分离到一种等轴对称含单链RNA的病毒颗粒。病毒颗粒在电镜下直径为33～34nm,在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中病毒外壳蛋白分子量为22000道尔顿。病毒核酸径DNase1和SI酶解试验及热变性紫外吸收曲线试验证明为单链RNA,在1.5％的琼脂糖凝胶电泳中,病毒核酸呈现一条带,分子量为2.38×10~6道尔顿。     

小鹅瘟病毒纯化及其理化特性的研究

详细描述了小鹅瘟病毒(Goslin—plague virus,GPV)扬州株的浓缩和纯化过程,并论述了其理化特性。试验证明,GPV在氯化铯中主要病毒区带的浮密度为11.31～1.35g/ml,电镜下可见空壳和实心两种病毒粒子,大小20～22nm,沉降系数90.5S。用Sepharose 4B柱层析纯化的病毒,等电点为4.3。GPV有3种结构多肽,即Vp1、Vp2和Vp3,分子量分别为85 000,61 000,57 500道尔顿,其中Vp3为主要结构多肽,纯化的病毒粒子能使鹅胚致死。     

小圆形病毒样因子引起新生儿急性胃肠炎的研究

33例新生儿急性胃肠炎的粪便标本经EM检测,12份(36.4％)粪便标本中检出了病毒样颗粒,其中11份(33,3％)为SRV样因子(SRV),1份为其他病毒样颗粒。经粪便包埋超薄切片和IEM证实SRV是引起新生儿急性胃肠炎的病原。SRV的直径为26nm,表面结构清晰。在氯化铯(CsCl)中的浮密度为1.36—1.40g/cm~3。应用微量CF试验,5例双份血清中的1例抗体有三倍升高,3例恢复期皿清抗补体,1例为阴性,该病人为其他病毒样颗粒感染。核酸电泳未显带。培养未见细胞病变。5例正常对照新生儿粪便未检出任何病毒样颗粒。     

侵染花生的辣椒褪绿病毒S RNA全序列分析

番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)是布尼亚病毒科(Bunyaviridae)中植物病毒组成的一个属, 病毒粒子为球状,直径80～110nm,粒体外层由一层脂质包裹.基因组属于负单链RNA,由三个片段组成,分别被称为L RNA、M RNA、和S RNA.L RNA为负链、含单个开放阅读框架(ORF),M RNA和S RNA均为双义RNA, 有2个ORF,反向相连.     

云南省两株环状病毒的分离和鉴定

从云南省采集的中华(?)蚊和棕头库蚊中,分离到两株对3周鼠致死的病毒。血清学鉴定表明,该病毒与披膜病毒科(甲病毒属)、黄病毒科、布尼亚病毒科病毒的免疫腹水,以及呼肠孤病毒科环状病毒(M14)的免疫腹水均不发生反应。电镜观察病毒为球形,具双层壳体的颗粒,直径为70.35±3.07nm,毒粒常常和颗粒状包涵体及管状结构相连;核衣壳具有环状病毒特有的20面体对称结构,直径为56.06±2.42nm。在负染标本中能观察到直径为38.36±2.42nm的核心颗粒。该病毒对乙醚相对抵抗,对酸,热敏感。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,病毒基因组由10条RNA片段组成,分子量在0.3～2.5×10~6道尔顿之间,病毒基因组RNA带形分布(3-3-3-1)类似环状病毒,但与已知环状病毒RNA带形分布都有不同。     

中国烟草曲叶病毒广西株的初步研究

双生病毒(Geminivirus)是一种具有孪生颗粒形态的单链环状DNA植物病毒[1].根 据基因组结构特征及传播介体,双生病毒可分为三个亚组[1]:亚组Ⅰ双生病毒全 部为叶蝉传播的单组份基因组病毒,基因组大小在2.6～2.8kb之间,其代表病毒是玉米条纹病毒(MSV);亚组Ⅱ双生病毒是单组份基因组病毒,基因组大小在2.7～3.0kb之间;亚组Ⅲ双生病毒全部为粉虱(Bemisiatabaci)传播,基因组大小为2.5～2.8kb,除番茄曲叶病毒TLCV -AUS [2]等几个病毒为单组份基因组外,大多数亚组Ⅲ双生病病毒均为双组份基因组,稍大的组份叫DNA A,一般编码四个基因,稍小的组份叫DNA B,编码二个基因.烟草曲叶病 毒(TbLCV)和番茄黄化曲叶病毒(TYLCV)都属于双生病毒亚组Ⅲ[3,4].     

一种新香菇病毒基因组部分cDNA序列及病毒RT-PCR检测

本文报道从香菇菌丝体和子实体中分离到一种大小约20nm×(100-200)nm的杆形病毒颗粒,病毒基因组是大小约8.0kb的dsRNA。对病毒基因组部分cDNA序列进行克隆,完成1457bp的核酸序列测定(Accession No:GQ372842),该序列含1个不完整ORF,编码314个氨基酸残基,推测为病毒RNA聚合酶部分序列。病毒基因组部分cDNA序列与GenBank中的已知核酸序列无明显同源性,表明它可能是新发现食用真菌病毒。为了对实验室和野外的香菇病毒进行快速检测,我们根据得到的病毒基因组部分cDNA序列设计特异性引物,建立了一种方便、有效检测香菇病毒的RT-PCR方法,对感染病毒异常菌丝体中的病毒成功地进行了检测。     

香菇病毒的研究 Ⅰ.发生在我国的香菇病毒

我国香菇人工栽培历史悠久;在今天纯种人工栽培同样是食用菌生产的主要方向。经查上海栽培香菇“菌种”内生长不正常的菌丝体制剂中有直径为20nm,长度多为100—200nm的类似棒状病毒颗粒。在接种后14—20天,生长缓慢的菌丝体中有直径为28、36、40nm三种不同大小的类似球状病毒颗粒,未见棒状颗粒。在香菇子实体的制剂中同样见到与菌丝体中一样的球状颗粒以及大小为15—16nm×100—300nm的较细的棒状颗粒。病香菇菌褶超薄切片中显示棒状颗粒结晶及球状颗粒的聚集;在液泡中有直径为15—16nm的棒状颗粒。     

侵染花生的辣椒褪绿病毒SRNA全序列分析

番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)是布尼亚病毒科(Bunyaviridae)中植物病毒组成的一个属,病毒粒子为球状,直径80~110nm,粒体外层由一层脂质包裹。基因组属于负单链RNA,由三个片段组成,分别被称为L RNA、M RNA、和S RNA。L RNA为负链、含单个开放阅读框架(ORF),M RNA和S RNA均为双义R     

Buoyant Density of the Hepatitis A Virus-Like Particle in Cesium Chloride

We recently visualized by immune electron microscopy a virus-like particle in the stools of patients with hepatitis A. The particle measured approximately 27 nm in diameter and morphologically resembled a picornavirus or parvovirus. To further characterize this particle, we have determined its buoyant density in cesium chloride (CsCl) by ultracentrifugation. Hepatitis A particles from three positive stool specimens were isopycnically banded in separate experiments, and the gradient fractions were examined for particles by immune electron microscopy by using hepatitis A convalescent sera. In each experiment, the particles were observed in a normal distribution about a peak fraction with a mean density of approximately 1.4 g/cm(3). The buoyant density of 1.4 g/cm(3) in CsCl together with its morphology and the reported resistance of hepatitis virus to acid, ether, and heat suggest that this particle is parvovirus-like.     

Physical and Biological Properties of Dengue-2 Virus and Associated Antigens

Dengue virus suspensions from mouse brain and cell culture were fractionated into three components by rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients. Infectious virus sedimented in a single zone and possessed hemagglutinating (HA) and complement fixing (CF) activity. Electron micrographs showed the virion to be a spherical particle 48 to 50 nm in diameter with 7-nm spherical structures on its surface. Buoyant density in CsCl of virions from mouse brain was estimated at 1.22 g/cm(3) and from cell culture at 1.24 g/cm(3). During centrifugation of virions in CsCl, an additional HA component appeared with a buoyant density of 1.18 g/cm(3). It was shown in electron micrographs to consist of virion fragments. A noninfectious component with HA and CF activity sedimented in sucrose more slowly than intact virus, had a buoyant density of 1.23 g/cm(3) in CsCl, and appeared as "doughnut" forms measuring 13.8 to 14 nm in diameter. A third component, with CF activity and no HA activity, sedimented very little in sucrose gradients. Particles of the same size and shape as the spherical subunits on the surface of the virion were observed in electron micrographs.     

Isolation and biological characterization of an adenovirus of rhesus macaques.

The etiology of a disease in rhesus monkeys the main clinical manifestation of which was acute conjunctivitis of an epizootic character has been studied. The cytopathogenic agent well propagating in primarily trypsinized kidney cells of monkeys has been isolated when investigating the affected eye mucosa. It was not pathogenic for laboratory animals. The mean diameter of the virions is 75 nm, the buoyant density in CsCl is 1.34 g/cm3, the viral DNA density is 1.706 g/cm3. The biological properties and findings of physicochemical, electron-microscopic, and serologic investigations allow one to allocate the isolated agent to the SV-37 strain, a representative of the adenovirus group.     

Assembly of truncated HCV core antigen into virus-like particles in Escherichia coli

Core protein is one of the most conserved and immunogenic of the hepatitis C virus proteins. Several pieces of experimental evidence suggest its ability for formation of virus like particles alone or in association with other viral proteins in mammalian or yeast cells with great similarity to those detected in patient sera and liver extract. In this work we report an Escherichia coli-derived truncated hepatitis C core protein that is able to aggregate. SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography patterns bring to mind the aggregation of monomers of recombinant protein Co.120. The Co.120 protein migrated with buoyant density of 1.28 g/cm(3) when analyzed using CsCl density gradient centrifugation. Spherical structures with an average diameter of 30 nm were observed using electron microscopy. We report here that VLPs are generated when the first 120 aa of HCV core protein are expressed in E. coli.     

Particle and naked RNA mycoviruses in industrially cultivated mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in China

Many cultivated mushroom strains, such as Pleurotus ostreatus TD300, displayed symptoms of degeneration. A spherical virus POSV and four dsRNA segments were extracted from mycelium of P. ostreatus TD300. POSV had a diameter of 23 nm and encapsidated a 2.5kb dsRNA segment with coat proteins whose molecular weights were 39 kDa and 30 kDa. Four dsRNA segments were 8.2 kb, 2.5 kb, 2.0 kb, and 1.1 kb in size, respectively. The 1.1 kb dsRNA segment often escaped detection. The cDNA and the amino acid sequences of the 8.2 kb dsRNA were homologous to those of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRP) of ssRNA oyster mushroom spherical virus (OMSV), and contained conserved motifs A to D which were almost identical to those in RDRP of OMSV. The cDNA and amino acid sequences of the 2.5 kb and 2.0 kb dsRNA segments were homologous to that of RDRP and capsid protein of dsRNA virus P. ostreatus virus 1 (PoV1), respectively. In particular, the amino acid sequence of 2.5 kb dsRNA segment had high identity with the conserved motifs A to C in RDRP of PoV1, a Partiviridae virus. After eliminating the viruses in P. ostreatus TD300, the symptoms of degeneration completely disappeared. The results reveal that P. ostreatus TD300 was at least infected by a particle virus POSV, and two naked viruses, one was a dsRNA virus with a 2.0 kb dsRNA segment, the other was an ssRNA virus whose replicating form of genome was an 8.2 kb dsRNA segment. Mycoviruses infection is a causative agent of mushroom strain degeneration.     

Biophysical Properties of Australia Antigen

Biophysical studies with Australia complement-fixing (CF) antigen showed it to be a particle with a buoyant density of 1.20 g/cm(3) in CsCl, a sedimentation coefficient of 110, and an average diameter of 25 nm. The CF antigen was not inactivated by ether, 1% deoxycholate, 1% Tween 80 or overnight heating at 56 C. The antigen was unstable when treated with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. A procedure is described for the isolation and partial purification of Australia antigen from serum by using isopycnic banding and rate separation techniques. Treatment of the 1.20 g/cm(3) Australia antigen with 1% Tween 80 yielded a minor peak of CF activity with a buoyant density of 1.39 g/cm(3) in CsCl.     

Biochemistry and ultrastructure of iridescent virus type 29

Physical and chemical parameters of iridescent virus type 29, isolated from the mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, have been analyzed. The icosahedral capsid is 130–135 nm in diameter and is surrounded by a fringe of coarse filaments. The virus has a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.31 g cm^?3 and contains 20 to 25 structural proteins as analyzed by isoelectric focusing and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The DNA has a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.6874 g cm^?3 indicating a G + C content of approximately 28%. The lipid components of this virus differ from those of the host cell; the virus contains about 80% cardiolipin and 20% phosphatidyl choline.     

New Intermediate Subviral Particles in the In Vitro Uncoating of Reovirus Virions by Chymotrypsin

Reovirus virions, grown in suspension cultures of L cells and extensively purified by density gradient and velocity gradient centrifugation after their release from cell debris by fluorocarbon extraction, are characterized by a mean particle diameter of 73 nm and a density in CsCl of 1.36 to 1.37 g/cm(3). Treatment of intact virions by chymotrypsin (CHT) digestion in vitro converts them to subviral particles (SVP) having characteristics which are determined by the species of monovalent cation present during the digestion. In the presence of Cs(+) ions, CHT converts the virions to SVP of mean diameter 51 nm and density 1.43 to 1.44 g/cm(3). In the presence of K(+) ions, the conversion is to SVP of diameter 51 nm and density 1.39 to 1.40 g/cm(3). The SVP made in the presence of either Cs(+) or K(+) possess an extremely active RNA polymerase and nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (NTPase) activity in vitro and are resistant to further digestion by CHT. Treatment of intact virions with CHT in the presence of Na(+) or Li(+) ions results in their conversion to SVP of mean diameter 64 nm and density 1.37 to 1.38 g/cm(3). Such SVP are not active in in vitro RNA synthesis or NTP hydrolysis and are resistant to further digestion by CHT even during prolonged exposure to high concentrations of enzyme. Addition of Cs(+) or K(+) ions to the digestion mixture allows conversion of the 64-nm diameter SVP to 51-nm diameter SVP in which the RNA polymerase and NTPase are active in vitro. Analysis of the proteins present in intact virions and in the different SVP reveals clear differences which indicate that the conversions are accomplished by removal or cleavage of particular species of polypeptides.     

Characteristics of a new bacteriophage, Psp231a, infecting Pseudomonas phaseolicola HB10Y.

Bacteriophage Psp231a infects Pseudomonas phaseolicola, strain HB10Y, which is the host cell for the enveloped bacteriophage phi 6. This paper describes the biophysical characteristics of Psp231a and the physical properties of its nucleic acid. In electron micrographs the virion appears as an icosahedral structure, approximately 55 nm in diameter, with a short tail. The virion density is 1.48 g/cm3 in CsCl, and the sedimentation coefficient is approximately 407S. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of 12 polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 5,000 to 117,000. The nucleic acid of Psp231a is linear, double-stranded DNA of molecular weight 28 X 10(6). Its density in CsCl is 1.716 g/cm3, and its sedimentation coefficient in 3 M CsCl is 20.0S, corresponding to an S020,W of 34S.     

Herpes Simplex Virus Products in Productive and Abortive Infection I. Stabilization with Formaldehyde and Preliminary Analyses by Isopycnic Centrifugation in CsCl

Lysates of HEp-2 cells productively infected with herpes simplex virus yielded two bands on isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl gradients, ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 g/cm(3). One band, designated alpha, had a mean buoyant density of 1.27 g/cm(3) and contained herpes virions. Band beta had a mean density of 1.305 g/cm(3) and contained primarily complement-fixing viral antigens and little or no viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The products banding in the alpha and beta bands were unstable; fivefold or higher amounts were recovered by treating the cell extract with formaldehyde prior to centrifugation. Formaldehyde treatment increased the buoyant density of viral products in both the alpha and beta bands by about 0.015 g/cm(3). In addition, it stabilized hitherto inapparent products, forming a broad band gamma with a density range of 1.37 to 1.45 g/cm(3). The material in the gamma band was heterogeneous; it contained viral DNA, cellular DNA, and viral antigen. Formalinized lysates of DK cells abortively infected with herpes simplex virus yielded a beta band undifferentiated from that formed by extracts of productively infected cells. The gamma band was less dense and narrower. The alpha band was entirely missing.