Production and utilization of aminoacids by various species of Rhizosphere Bacteria

Было выделено с поверхности корней и из почвы ризос?еры пшеницы и иденти?ицировано 11 видов микроорганизмов, растущих в минеральной среде с глюкозой и выделяющих в среду различные аминокислоты. Наиболее часто в ?ильтратах находились аспрагин, серин, аспарагиновая кислота, α-аланин и метионин (валин). В подобранных ?ильтратах, качественно различных по содержанию аминокислот, большая часть исследуемых микроорганизмов использовала эти амниокислоты для своего роста. Авторы полагают, что микроорганизмы споверхности корней и ризос?еры, растущие только в минеральной средес глюкозой и выделяюощие аминокислоты, могут иметь определенное значение в экологии микробных сообществ ризос?еры.     

Rhizosphere microflora of wheat

Изуались состав и некотоые свойства бактериальной ?лоры, выделенной с поверхности корней, из ризос?еры и из свободной ночвы в начальных ?азах роста ншепицы.. Выделевные бактерии были разделены на групиы по своим мор?ологическим свойствам, по требованиям кпитанию, по интенсивности роста и по некоторым биохимическим свойствам. Было установлено, что существуют различия между представителями бактериальной ?лоры с поверхности корпей, из ризос?еры и из свободной почвы в начальных ?азх развития пшепицы, что касается мор?ологических тиов, требований к литанию и активности роста. И что касается родов бактерий, представленных в этих трех зонах, заметно проявился э??ект ризос?еры. Сравнение свойств бактериальной ?лоры семян и почвы, в которой лшенида выращивалась, показало, что бактерии семян так же, как и бактерии почвы, могут переходит на корни, но ?изиологически более активные почвенные бактерии получают преимущество и оказывают главное влияние на соств популяции ризос?еры.     

Initial studies on the contributions of body size and gastrointestinal passage rates to dietary flexibility among gorillas

Large body size has been traditionally seen as the primary dietary adaptation of gorillas, facilitating their consumption of fibrous foods (Schaller ?1963 The Mountain Gorilla; Watts ?1990 Int. J. Primatol. 11:21-45). Nevertheless, recent research has emphasized frugivory among western lowland gorillas, as well as the influence of habitat and seasonality on gorilla diet and behavior across subspecies (Watts ?1990 Int. J. Primatol. 11:21-45; Tutin et al. ?1991 Philos. R. Soc. Trans. Lond. Biol. 334:179-186; Remis ?1994 Ph.D. Thesis, ?1997a Am. J. Primatol. 43:87-109, ?1997b Am. J. Primatol. 43:111-133, ?1998 Primate Locomotion: Recent Advances, p 95-(1)108, ?1999 Primates 40:383-396; Nishihara ?1995 Primates 36:151-168; Goldsmith ?1999a Int. J. Primatol. 20:1-23, Goldsmith [1999b] Nonhuman Primates, p 58-63). This study provides preliminary data to address the physiological underpinnings of dietary flexibility among gorillas, and their consumption of a broad range of fibrous and tannin-rich foods. To date, little is known about the digestive physiology of the African apes (but see Milton ?1984 Adaptations for Foraging in Nonhuman Primates, p 249-279, Milton [1984] ?1999Evol. Anthropol. 8:11-20; Milton and Demment ?1988 J. Nutr. 118:1082-1088; Lambert ?1997 Ph.D. Dissertation), although gastrointestinal morphology and proportions are roughly similar among species ( Chivers and Hladik ?1980 J. Morphol. 166:337-386). This study provides additional experimental data on the gastrointestinal passage times of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) fed a captive diet in a zoological park setting and discusses results in relation to field research on gorilla feeding ecology. In this study, 480 small plastic markers were fed to six captive gorillas. The mean gut retention time (MRT) of the adult gorillas in this study was 50 hr, longer than the 31 hr reported for chimpanzees fed a similar diet (Lambert ?1997 Ph.D. Dissertation). These data suggest that gorillas may retain foods in their gastrointestinal tracts longer than smaller hominoids, and that the large body size likely forms the primary basis for consumption of fiber. This research provides additional data to contribute to our understanding of the relationships of body size and morphology to ecology, and the evolution of body size, foraging strategy and social organization among the African apes.     

An allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR₂), (+)-TFMPIP, inhibits restraint stress-induced phasic glutamate release in rat prefrontal cortex

The potential anxiolytic effects of a novel positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subgroup 2 (mGluR?) were investigated using a self-referencing recording technique with enzyme-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) that reliably measures tonic and phasic changes in extracellular glutamate levels in awake rats. Studies involved glutamate measures in the rat prefrontal cortex during subcutaneous injections of the following: vehicle, a mGluR?/? agonist, LY354740 (10?mg/kg), or a mGluR? PAM, 1-Methyl-2-((cis-(R,R)-3-methyl-4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-2-fluoro)phenyl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine ((+)-TFMPIP; 1.0 or 17.8?mg/kg). Studies assessed changes in tonic glutamate levels and the glutamatergic responses to a 5-min restraint stress. Subcutaneous injection of (+)-TFMPIP at a dose of 1.0?mg/kg (day 3: -7.1?±?15.1 net AUC; day 5: -24.8?±?24.9 net AUC) and 17.8?mg/kg (day 3: -46.5?±?33.0 net AUC; day 5: 34.6?±?36.8 net AUC) significantly attenuated the stress-evoked glutamate release compared to vehicle controls (day 3: 134.7?±?50.6 net AUC; day 5: 286.6?±?104.5 net?AUC), whereas the mGluR?/? agonist LY354740 had no effect. None of the compounds significantly affected resting glutamate levels, which we have recently shown to be extensively derived from neurons. Taken together, these data support that systemic administration of (+)-TFMPIP produces phasic rather than tonic release of glutamate that may play a major role in the effects of stress on glutamate neuronal systems in the prefrontal cortex.     

Time-of-day effect on cardiac responses to progressive exercise

This study was designed to examine time-of-day effects on markers of cardiac functional capacity during a standard progressive cycle exercise test. Fourteen healthy, untrained young males (mean?±?SD: 17.9?±?0.7 yrs of age) performed identical maximal cycle tests in the morning (08:00-11:00?h) and late afternoon (16:00-19:00?h) in random order. Cardiac variables were measured at rest, submaximal exercise, and maximal exercise by standard echocardiographic techniques. No differences in morning and afternoon testing values at rest or during exercise were observed for oxygen uptake, heart rate, cardiac output, or markers of systolic and diastolic myocardial function. Values at peak exercise for Vo(2) at morning and afternoon testing were 3.20?±?0.49 and 3.24?±?0.55?L min(-1), respectively, for heart rate 190?±?11 and 188?±?15?bpm, and for cardiac output 19.5?±?2.8 and 19.8?±?3.5?L min(-1). Coefficients of variation for morning and afternoon values for these variables were similar to those previously published for test-retest reproducibility. This study failed to demonstrate evidence for significant time-of-day variation in Vo(2)max or cardiac function during standard progressive exercise testing in adolescent males.     

Cortical Habituation Deficit in Tinnitus Sufferers: Contingent Negative Variation as an Indicator of Duration of the Disease

Cortical attention and habituation parameters are altered in patients suffering from tinnitus. The aim of the study was to quantify cortical attention and habituation parameters in tinnitus patients by recording the contingent negative variation (CNV) response and to correlate amplitudes of different CNV parameters with duration of disease. Twenty patients suffering from tinnitus (median: 44?years) and twenty age- and sex-matched healthy controls (median: 41?years) were tested by a CNV paradigm. We recorded overall CNV, initial CNV, and terminal CNV and calculated habituation slopes. All CNV parameters were Spearman-correlated with individual duration of disease. Highly significant between groups differences emerged in total (tinnitus: -8.4?uV vs. controls: -3.8?uV), initial (-11.2 vs. -6.0?uV), and terminal CNV (-11.9 vs. -6.5?uV) demonstrating higher negative amplitudes in tinnitus patients. Habituation differed in total and terminal CNV, indicating missing habituation in tinnitus patients. Overall CNV (??=?-.365) and initial CNV (??=?-.529) showed a medium Spearman correlation with duration of disease. We conclude that the correlation between duration of tinnitus and the initial CNV amplitudes indicates an altered state of cortical excitability that can also be observed in more negative CNV-amplitudes in tinnitus patients. We assume that this state indicates a chronicity process in tinnitus disease.     

Quantitative assessment of the associations between four polymorphisms (FokI, ApaI, BsmI, TaqI) of vitamin D receptor gene and risk of diabetes mellitus

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been suggested to be involved in the development of diabetes mellitus, including type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the associations. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Chinese databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95?% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random or fixed effect model. 79 studies (FokI: 22 studies; BsmI: 25 studies; ApaI: 17 studies; TaqI: 15 studies) on T1DM and 44 studies (FokI: 10 studies; BsmI: 10 studies; ApaI: 14 studies; TaqI: 10 studies) on T2DM were included. The results indicated that BsmI polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of T1DM (B vs. b: OR 1.31, 95?% CI 1.10-1.55, P?=?0.002), especially in East Asians (B vs. b: OR 2.57, 95?% CI: 1.55-4.24, P?相似文献   

Description of two new species of the genus Gobio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Black Sea coast of Turkey

Thesystematics of the genus Gobio, especially of the populations on the southern Black Sea coast, seems to be still far from being resolved. Seven species were rec-orded from the northern Black Sea coast while three species were recognized from the southern Black Sea coast. We examined in total 43 specimens from K?z?l?rmak River (southern Black Sea basin), 80 specimens from Çoruh River (the Western Cau-casus of the Black Sea basin), 14 specimens from Rioni River (the Western Caucasus of the Black Sea basin), and 6 specimens from Kherota and Shakhe Rivers (the Western Caucasus of the Black Sea basin). Based on an analysis of 32 metric and 5 meristic data as well as the number of vertebrae, we concluded that the K?z?l?rmak and Coruh populations are two distinct, unnamed species, and we describe them here as Gobio kizilirmakensis from the K?z?l?rmak River and G. artvinicus from the Çoruh River.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1ED54FB1-588F-4412-B376-4BE4E4516EB1     

Cathodic electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)/Nafion coated on graphite oxide electrode in purely aqueous solution

Two cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) peaks have been obtained at ?0.99 and ?1.80 V (vs. SCE), respectively, from Ru(bpy)/Na?on coated onto a graphite oxide electrode in purely aqueous solution under cyclic voltammetric (CV) conditions, without addition of any reducing or oxidative reagents. These two ECL peaks were found to correlate to initial scan direction, pH, and reversal potential. Na?on played an important role in the generation of these two ECL peaks because no cathodic emission was observed in the system without Na?on. It seems that a part of Ru(bpy) electrogenerated at positive potential can remain in the Na?on, even at negative potentials. It was con?rmed that Ru(bpy)⁺ was formed at ?1.80 V by addition of S₂O. The ECL peak at ?0.99 V is attributed to the reaction of Ru(bpy)³⁺ and OH^?. The ECL peak at ?1.80 V is probably due to the annihilation reaction of Ru(bpy)³⁺ and Ru(bpy)⁺. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Association of peak aerobic power with capillary density but not oxidative potential in human vastus lateralis muscle

In this study, we have postulated that in healthy males, peak aerobic power ([Formula: see text]) would associate with muscle capillary density rather than oxidative potential, regardless of fibre type or subtype. To test this, active but untrained volunteers (n = 11) were separated into high (HI) and low (LO) groups based on [Formula: see text] obtained during a progressive cycle task to fatigue. The 26% higher (P?< 0.05) [Formula: see text] observed in HI (40.8?± 1.5?mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), mean?± SE) compared with LO ( 51.4?± 0.90?mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), mean?± SE) was not accompanied by differences in age (21.3?± 1.2 compared with 21.1?± 0.63?years, respectively) or body mass (72.4?± 4.6 compared with 71.6?± 1.9?kg, respectively). Tissue samples obtained from the vastus lateralis indicated greater (P?< 0.05) capillary counts per fibre (CC;?+24%) in HI compared with LO, regardless of fibre type (I, IIA, IIX, IIAX). Capillary density (CD) as measured in a field of defined area was also elevated (+22%; P?< 0.05), as was the number of capillaries per fibre (+22%; P?< 0.05). No differences were observed between the 2 groups in the distribution, area, and the CC/fibre area ratio in the different fibre types and subtypes. Similarly, there was no difference between the HI and LO groups in oxidative potential, as measured by succinic dehydrogenase activity in the different fibre types. It is concluded that the higher capillary density may contribute to improved vascular conductance and the elevated [Formula: see text] observed in the untrained participants.     

Purification and partial amino acid sequencing of alkaline phosphatase from rachitic rat epiphyseal cartilage

1. Alkaline phosphatase of rachitic epiphyseal cartilage was purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential application of monoclonal affinity, DEAE-cellulose, and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme showed the presence of a dominant band corresponding to a molecular weight of 80,000. 2. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as follows: Phe-Val-Pro-Glu-Lys5-Glu-Lys-Asp-Pro-Ser10-Tyr-Trp-Arg-Gln-+ ++Gln15-Ala-Gln-Glu- Thr-Leu20-Lys-Asn-Ala-Leu-Lys25-Leu-Gln-Lys-?-Asn-Val-Asn-?- Ala-Lys35-?-Ile-?- Met-Phe40-Leu-(Gly?)-Asp-(Ala/Gly?)-Met45-?-Val-?- (Val/Gly?).     

Sphingomyelin is associated with kidney disease in type 1 diabetes (The FinnDiane Study)

Diabetic kidney disease, diagnosed by urinary albumin excretion rate (AER), is a critical symptom of chronic vascular injury in diabetes, and is associated with dyslipidemia and increased mortality. We investigated serum lipids in 326 subjects with type 1 diabetes: 56% of patients had normal AER, 17% had microalbuminuria (20?≤?AER?相似文献   

XRCC1 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 44 case–control studies

X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 gene (XRCC1) has been implicated in risk for lung cancer. However, the results from different studies remain controversial. In this meta-analysis, we have assessed 44 published case-control studies regarding associations of lung cancer risk with three common polymorphisms, codon 194, codon 280 and codon 399, and -77 T?>?C in the promoter region of XRCC1. The results in total population showed that the risk for lung cancer was increased among the variant homozygote Trp/Trp of codon 194 polymorphism, compared with the wild type Arg/Arg (OR: 1.19; 95?% CI 1.01-1.39), and the variant genotype CC of -77 T?>?C polymorphism showed a significantly increased risk of developing lung cancer, compared to wild-type genotype TT (OR: 1.91; 95?% CI 1.24-2.94). However, no associations were found between lung cancer risk and codon 280, codon 399. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, the OR for the variant homozygote Trp/Trp of codon 194 was 1.21(95?% CI 1.02-1.43) for Asian. When stratified by source of control, we found a protective effect of codon 194 Arg/Trp genotype (OR: 0.87; 95?% CI 0.77-0.98) and risk effect of codon 399 combined Arg/Gln?+?Gln/Gln variant genotype (OR: 1.09; 95?% CI 1.01-1.18) for lung cancer on the basis of hospital control. Subgroup analyses by histological types of lung cancer indicated that the heterozygote Arg/Trp in codon 194 could decrease and the combined variant genotype Arg/Gln?+?Gln/Gln in codon 399 could increase the risk of non-small cell lung cancer (OR: 0.69; 95?% CI 0.57-0.85 and OR: 1.14; 95?% CI 1.04-1.24). In conclusion, this meta-analysis has demonstrated that codon 194, codon 399 and -77 T?>?C polymorphisms of XRCC1 gene might have contributed to individual susceptibility to lung cancer. To further evaluate effect of XRCC1 polymorphisms, gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction on lung cancer risk, a single large sample size study with thousands of subjects is required to get conclusive results.     

Structural insights of the MLF1/14-3-3 interaction

Myeloid leukaemia factor 1 (MLF1) binds to 14-3-3 adapter proteins by a sequence surrounding Ser34 with the functional consequences of this interaction largely unknown. We present here the high-resolution crystal structure of this binding motif [MLF1(29-42)pSer34] in complex with 14-3-3ε and analyse the interaction with isothermal titration calorimetry. Fragment-based ligand discovery employing crystals of the binary 14-3-3ε/MLF1(29-42)pSer34 complex was used to identify a molecule that binds to the interface rim of the two proteins, potentially representing the starting point for the development of a small molecule that stabilizes the MLF1/14-3-3 protein-protein interaction. Such a compound might be used as a chemical biology tool to further analyse the 14-3-3/MLF1 interaction without the use of genetic methods. Database Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession number(s) 3UAL [14-3-3ε/MLF1(29-42)pSer34 complex] and 3UBW [14-3-3ε/MLF1(29-42)pSer34/3-pyrrolidinol complex] Structured digital abstract ? 14-3-3 epsilon?and?MLF1?bind?by?x-ray crystallography?(View interaction) ? 14-3-3 epsilon?and?MLF1?bind?by?isothermal titration calorimetry?(View Interaction:?1,?2).     

Development of 198 novel EST-derived microsatellites in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)

? Premise of the study: Expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived microsatellites were identified in Eucalyptus through screening the GenBank database. The loci were sequence-verified and explored for polymorphism among 20 genotypes. ? Methods and Results: In total, 198 novel microsatellites were developed from 8262 unigenes, with the identity of 73.6-100% to the original sequences and presence of the expected repeat motifs. One hundred and eighty-four markers proved to be polymorphic among 10 E. urophylla and 10 E. tereticornis genotypes, with the number of alleles per locus, observed heterozygosity, and polymorphic information content being 2-17 (mean: 7.11), 0-1.0 (mean: 0.4511), and 0.0940-0.9131 (mean: 0.6571), respectively. ? Conclusions: These markers will be useful for germplasm characterization, genome mapping, and gene tagging for economic traits in the two species examined and may have potential for genetic applications in Eucalyptus.     

Dim light melatonin onset in alcohol-dependent men and women compared with healthy controls

Sleep disturbances in alcohol-dependent (AD) individuals may persist despite abstinence from alcohol and can influence the course of the disorder. Although the mechanisms of sleep disturbances of AD are not well understood and some evidence suggests dysregulation of circadian rhythms, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) has not previously been assessed in AD versus healthy control (HC) individuals in a sample that varied by sex and race. The authors assessed 52 AD participants (mean?±?SD age: 36.0?±?11.0 yrs of age, 10 women) who were 3-12 wks since their last drink (abstinence: 57.9?±?19.3 d) and 19 age- and sex-matched HCs (34.4?±?10.6 yrs, 5 women). Following a 23:00-06:00?h at-home sleep schedule for at least 5 d and screening/baseline nights in the sleep laboratory, participants underwent a 3-h extension of wakefulness (02:00?h bedtime) during which salivary melatonin samples were collected every 30?min beginning at 19:30?h. The time of DLMO was the primary measure of circadian physiology and was assessed with two commonly used methodologies. There was a slower rate of rise and lower maximal amplitude of the melatonin rhythm in the AD group. DLMO varied by the method used to derive it. Using 3 pg/mL as threshold, no significant differences were found between the AD and HC groups. Using 2 standard deviations above the mean of the first three samples, the DLMO in AD occurred significantly later, 21:02?±?00:41?h, than in HC, 20:44?±?00:21?h (t?=?-2.4, p?=?.02). Although melatonin in the AD group appears to have a slower rate of rise, using well-established criteria to assess the salivary DLMO did not reveal differences between AD and HC participants. Only when capturing melatonin when it is already rising was DLMO found to be significantly delayed by a mean 18?min in AD participants. Future circadian analyses on alcoholics should account for these methodological caveats.     

Erratum to Central European Journal of Biology, Volume 8, Issue 12

Paper by Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Ewa Piro?nikow, Marcin Churski “Vegetation diversity influences endozoochoric seed dispersal by moose (Alces alces L.)“ in Voulme 8, Issue 12, 1250-1264/ December 2013; DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0244-3 contains incorrect affiliations of Ewa Piro?nikow and Marcin Churski. Ewa Pi?niow works in Institute of Biology, University of Bia?ystok, 15-950 Bia?ystok, Poland; while Marcin Churski works in Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 17–230 Bia?owie?a, Poland.     

Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemical expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered as a prime mediator of angiogenesis, and has been implicated in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Various studies examined the relationship between VEGF protein overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer, but yielded conflicting results. The prognostic significance of VEGF overexpression in gastric cancer remains controversial. Electronic databases updated to July 2011 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between VEGF overexpression and survival of patients with gastric cancer. Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. We performed a meta-analysis of 30 studies (n?=?3,999 patients) that evaluated the correlation between VEGF overexpression detected by immunohistochemistry and survival in patients with gastric cancer. Combined hazard ratios suggested that VEGF-A overexpression had an unfavorable impact on overall survival (OS) (HR [hazard ratio]?=?1.49, 95?% CI [confidence interval]: 1.22-1.77) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR?=?1.85, 95?% CI: 1.38-2.32) in patients with gastric cancer. However, VEGF-C overexpression did not significantly correlate with OS (HR?=?1.24, 95?% CI: 0.92-1.56) or DFS (HR?=?1.15, 95?% CI: 0.78-1.52). VEGF-D is an unfavorable indicator of OS (HR?=?1.68, 95?% CI: 1.02-2.34) and DFS (HR?=?1.88, 95?% CI: 1.07-2.70) in patients with gastric cancer. VEGF-A and VEGF-D overexpression indicated a poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer. VEGF-C overexpression was not associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. The prognostic value of VEGF on survival still needs further larger prospective trials to be confirmed.     

Community structure of methanogenic archaea and methane production associated with compost-treated tropical rice-field soil

The diversity and density of methanogenic archaea and methane production were investigated ex situ at different growth stages of rice plant cultivated in compost-treated tropical rice fields. The qPCR analysis revealed variation in methanogens population from 3.40?×?10(6) to 1.11?×?10(7) copies?g(-1) dws, in the year 2009 and 4.37?×?10(6) to 1.36?×?10(7) copies?g(-1) dws in the year 2010. Apart from methanogens, a large number of bacterial (9.60?×?10(9) -1.44?×?10(10) copies?g(-1) dws) and archaeal (7.13?×?10(7) -3.02?×?10(8) copies?g(-1) dws) communities were also associated with methanogenesis. Methanogen population size varied in the order: flowering > ripening > tillering > postharvest > preplantation stage. The RFLP-based 16S rRNA gene-targeted phylogenetic analysis showed that clones were closely related to diverse group of methanogens comprising members of Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanosarcinaceae, Methanosaetaceae and RC I. Laboratory incubation studies revealed higher amount of cumulative CH(4) at the flowering stage. The integration of methanogenic community structure and CH(4) production potential of soil resulted in a better understanding of the dynamics of CH(4) production in organically treated rice-field soil. The hypothesis that the stages of plant development influence the methanogenic community structure leading to temporal variation in the CH(4) production has been successfully tested.     

A novel sucrose phosphorylase from the metagenomes of sucrose-rich environment: isolation and characterization

Sucrose phosphorylase, an important enzyme mainly involved in the generic starch and sucrose pathways, has now caught the attention of researchers due to its transglycosylation activity. A novel sucrose phosphorylase, unspase, has been isolated, and its transglycosylation properties were characterized. Compared with Bisp, the sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis, unspase had two deleted regions in its C: -terminal. These deleted regions were probably equivalent to the important five-stranded anti-parallel β-sheet domain in sucrose phosphorylase. Unspase has a k(m) of 21.12?mM, a V(max) of 69.24?μmol?min(-1)?mg(-1) and a k(cat) of 31.19?s(-1) with sucrose as substrate. In 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer, unspase transferred the glycosyl moiety to L: -arabinose, D: -fructose and L: -sorbose. Much to our surprise, unspase can catalyze the transglycosylation in which a glycosyl moiety was transferred to L: -arabinose in the presence of phosphate, which is an interesting exception to the generally accepted fact that transglycosylation can only occur under the condition of phosphate absence. The final yield of the transglycosylation product (37.9?%) in phosphate buffer was even higher than that (5.8?%) in MOPS buffer. This is a novel phenomenon that a sucrose phosphorylase can catalyze a transglycosylation reaction in the presence of phosphate.