栽培稻与4种野生稻的原生质体融合

野生稻具有许多优良性状,是水稻遗传改良的重要物质基础。为了探讨应用原生质体融合技术转移野生稻有利基因的途径,进行了栽培用与4种野生稻融合试验。总计6·28×107个野生稻原生质体与栽培稻原生质体进行了电激融合。获得了4364块愈伤组织,再生了490个植株。试验了Y射线处理野生稻原生质体的有效剂量和碘代乙酰胺抑制栽培稻原生质体生长的浓度。探讨了原生质体来源对融合效果的影响,讨论了融合亲和性问题。     

水稻(Oryza sativa)核型分析

水稻(Oryza sativa)核型分析结果:在12对染色体中,具中部着丝点的有5对,近中部着丝点的有6对(包括随体染色体),1对近端部着丝点。本文还着重讨论了随体的数目及所在的染色体。     

Inheritance of Semidwarfism in Rice, ORYZA SATIVA L

The inheritance of plant height was investigated in a ten-parent diallel cross of diverse rice cultivars. Parents included two tall japonica lines and eight semidwarf lines. Data from parent, F₁, F₂ , and F₃ generations indicated that the majority of height variation among the ten parents could be accounted for by three major genes with additive loci effects. D51, 72/2234–11, and G33 (derived from the known major-gene indica semidwarf Dee-geo-woo-gen) all were found to possess an allelic, partially recessive semidwarfing gene (sd₁). Additional semidwarfing genes were detected in D66 (sd₂, fully recessive) and in CI 9858 (sd₃, partially to fully recessive). Relative magnitudes of additive effects were sd₁ > sd₂ ≥ sd₃. Hokuriki 76, Tedoriwase, and IV 29–4 were found to be dwarfed by a multiple-gene system. Hayman-Jinks diallel cross analysis on parent and F₁ information (1974 and 1975) and on parent and F₂ information demonstrated the presence of significant additive and dominance variation, but epistasis was not detected. A preponderance of dominant alleles with partial dominance for increased plant height was observed. Since diallel statistics reflect properties of genes with larger effects, the genetic model proposed from segregation analysis was in substantial agreement with predictions of the Hayman-Jinks analysis.     

水稻120KDa光敏色素的提纯

采用改进的 Grimm 等方法,从晚粳“农垦58”水稻(Oryza sativa L.subsp.japonica,var.nongken 58)6天龄黄化苗中提取光敏色素。经液氮深冻的胚芽鞘在含有乙二醇和苯甲基磺酰氟化物等、pH 为8.45的 Tris 缓冲液中匀浆。对聚乙烯亚胺沉淀后的提取液照射红光,经硫酸铵盐析后、通过羟基磷灰石柱层析梯度洗脱。合并的含有光敏色素的洗脱液再经硫酸铵盐析和三次不同体积、不同浓度的磷酸缓冲液洗涤。最后溶于 HEPES 缓冲液的天然光敏色素(120kDa)经 SDS-PAG 电泳检测为一条带,并具有经典的纯净光敏色素的吸收光谱,产率达12%。     

水稻(Oryza sativa)核型分析

水稻(Oryza sativa)核型分析结果:在12对染色体中,具中部着丝点的有5对,近中部着丝点的有6对(包括随体染色体),1对近端部着丝点。本文还着重讨论了随体的数目及所在的染色体。     

水稻卵细胞与合子的分离

水稻卵细胞与合子的分离韩红梅赵洁施华中杨弘远周嫦（武汉大学生命科学学院植物生殖生物学研究室武汉４３００７２）关键词水稻,卵细胞,合子,分离ＩＳＯＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＧＧＣＥＬＬＳＡＮＤＺＹＧＯＴＥＳＩＮＯＲＹＺＡＳＡＴＩＶＡＨＡＮＨｏｎｇＭｅｉＺ...     

从水稻同源三倍体中鉴定出无融合生殖种质TAR

水稻杂种优势的成功应用使水稻单产提高了20%,这主要得益于70年代初细胞质雄性不育系的发现和利用。但传统的三系法杂交水稻必须做到不育系、保持系、恢复系“三系”配套,选育程序和杂交种子生产环节较复杂,以致培育目标组合的周期长、效率低、推广环节多,同时种子成本高、价格贵[1]。80年代光敏核不育水稻以其“一系两用、配组自由”等优越性大有取代三系杂交水稻的趋势。但是,光敏核不育特性同时又受温度的调控,加之育性波动等缺陷使两系杂交水稻的研究和利用受到严重制约[2]。80年代后期,科技工作者开始探索利用无融合生殖固定水稻杂种优…