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1.
Influence of anions on the potassium status and productivity of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of K fertiliser (160 kg ha-1) applied with Cl- or SO4
2- as the accompanying anion on the K nutrition of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa) were assessed in a field experiment, using vines with varying degrees of K deficiency. Leaf K concentrations in spring were significantly higher for vines receiving KCl, compared to those receiving K2SO4. This effect did not interact significantly with the degree of K deficiency, and persisted for about 6 weeks. Subsequently there was no significant difference between the leaf K concentrations for the vines receiving KCl or K2SO4. Applying K as KCl increased the leaf Cl concentration, especially in spring, while applying K as K2SO4 had no significant effect on the leaf S concentration at that time. These results implied a greater requirement for organic acid anions for K+ uptake from K2SO4 than from KCl, and the importance of organic acid anions for K+ uptake from different sources of K fertiliser is discussed. This transient effect of the accompanying anion on leaf K status was associated with large effects on flowering, and fruit yields were about 28% higher for plants receiving KCl rather than K2SO4.The effects on growth and tissue nutrient composition of varying the concentrations of Cl-, NO3
-, SO4
2- and H2PO4
- around the roots of kiwifruit vines were examined in a solution culture experiment. For H2PO4
-, plant growth was very similar over a wide range of rates of addition. For the other anions, the range between deficiency and toxicity was clearly delineated. For Cl- and NO3
-, toxicity was associated with high tissue concentrations of Cl and N, respectively, and was consistent with competition for uptake between Cl- and NO3
-. However, for SO4
2-, toxicity was associated with only a small increase in the tissue S concentration relative to that associated with maximum growth, and appeared to result more from effects on uptake of other anions and cations rather than from direct effects of high tissue S concentrations.It is concluded that the sensitivity of kiwifruit to the anion accompanying K+ in fertiliser may be related to the unusually high requirement for Cl previously reported for this species. 相似文献
2.
Role of the accompanying anion in the effect of calcium salts on potassium uptake by excised barley roots
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The effect of addition of Ca salts on accumulation of K from 5 mN KCl or K2SO4 solutions was found to depend on whether Ca was added as Cl or SO4 salt. Chloride as well as K uptake was increased when Ca and Cl concentrations in culture solutions were increased. Pre-treatment of roots with CaCl2 stimulated subsequent K uptake from K2SO4 solutions as compared to pre-treatment with distilled water but pre-treatment with CaSO4 did not. The results indicate that addition of Ca salts to KCl or K2SO4 solutions increased anion uptake and the effect of the addition of the Ca salts on K uptake was in part the result of increased anion uptake and not entirely a direct effect of Ca. 相似文献
3.
《Inorganica chimica acta》1987,134(2):215-219
By means of the reaction between VCl3 and benzofuroxan the compound VCl3·2C6H4N2O2 was obtained, while in reaction with TiX4 (XCl, Br) the compounds with stoichiometry TiX4·C6H4N2O2 (X Cl, Br) were obtained.Furthermore, with some benzofuroxan derivatives (5-methyl, 5-chloro and 5-methoxi) the complexes MCl4·2YC6H3N2O2 (MTi, V; YCH3O, Cl, CH3), TiCl4·YC6H3N2O2 (YCH3O, CH3) and TiBr4·YC6H3N2O2 (YCH3O, Cl, CH3) have been isolated.The compounds were characterized by elementary analysis, cryoscopic molecular weight determination in nitrobenzene, magnetic measurements and IR, Vis and EPR spectroscopy. 相似文献
4.
Enhanced luminescence and white light emission from Eu3+‐co‐doped K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl:Dy3+ phosphor with near visible ultraviolet excitation for white LEDs
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The luminescent properties of europium (Eu)‐ and dysprosium (Dy)‐co‐doped K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl halosulfate phosphors were analyzed. This paper reports the photoluminescence (PL) properties of K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl microphosphor doped with Eu and Dy and synthesized using a cost‐effective wet chemical method. The phosphors were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The CIE coordinates were calculated to display the color of the phosphor. PL emission of the prepared samples show peaks at 484 nm (blue), 575 nm (yellow), 594 nm (orange) and 617 nm (red). The emission color of the Eu,Dy‐co‐doped K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl halophosphor depends on the doping concentration and excitation wavelength. The addition of Eu in K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl:Dy greatly enhances the intensity of the blue and yellow peaks, which corresponds to the 4 F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4 F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions of Dy3+ ions (under 351 nm excitation). The Eu3+/Dy3+ co‐doping also produces white light emission for 1 mol% of Eu3+, 1 mol% of Dy3+ in the K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl lattice under 396 nm excitation, for which the calculated chromaticity coordinates are (0.35, 0.31). Thus, K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl co‐doped with Eu/Dy is a suitable candidate for NUV based white light‐emitting phosphors technology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Ten isolates of six species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were grown in vitro at nine concentrations of three sodium salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, Na3C6H5O7) for 4 weeks. Colony diamater, biomass and protein content of fungi were evaluated. Isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius and Suillus luteus were more tolerant of NaCl and Na2SO4 than of Na3C6H5O7. Fungi in the genera Cenococcum, Laccaria, and Thelephora were highly intolerant of Na3C6H5O7 and Na2SO4 in vitro. Biomass and protein content of fungi generally declined with increasing substrate salinity in solution culture. In situ ectomycorrhizal colonization by Laccara laccata and P. tinctorius and the dry weight of Pinus taeda seedlings were significantly reduced by 80 mM NaCl after 14 weeks. Only select ectomycorrhizal fungi appear capable of growth and symbiosis in saline soils. 相似文献
6.
Matthew D Jones 《Inorganica chimica acta》2004,357(11):3351-3359
The Schiff base 2,2′-bis((4S)-4-benzyl-2-oxazoline) (I) and its coordination complexes with rhodium(I) and palladium(II) (and with 1,5-cyclo-octadiene and allyl ligands) have been characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy: [Rh(C20H20N2O2)(C8H12)][Rh2(C20H20N2O2)2](CF3SO3)3 · (CH3CH2O) (II) and [Pd(C20H20N2O2)(C3H5)]CF3SO3 (III). We discuss the reasons for the formation of two complex cations for Rh(I), [Rh(C20H20N2O2)(C8H12)]+ (IIa) and [Rh2(C20H20N2O2)2]2+ (IIb), and only one for Pd(II). 相似文献
7.
Ignacio E. León Susana B. Etcheverry Beatriz S. Parajón-Costa Enrique J. Baran 《Biological trace element research》2013,155(2):295-300
Two structurally related vanadium(V) complexes, K3[VO2(C2O4)2]·3H2O and K3[VO(O2)(C2O4)2]·1/2H2O, were thoroughly characterized by infrared, Raman, and electronic spectroscopies. The effect of both complexes on the viability of the human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells was tested using the MTT assay. The monoperoxo complex shows a very strong antiproliferative activity (at 100-μM concentration, this complex diminished the cell viability ca. 80 %), whereas the dioxo complex was inactive. 相似文献
8.
This study examined the effect of K (as K2SO4) supply on acid production under N2-fixing plants of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Gungurru) and clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Dalkeith) grown in a K-deficient soil with a low pH buffer capacity for 55 days in the glasshouse at 20/12 °C (day/night). Increasing K supply up to 240 mg K kg-1 soil markedly increased plant growth of both species but clover growth was more responsive than lupin. Growing plants for 55 days decreased soil pH by 0.65–0.85 units under lupin and 0.45–0.83 units under clover. The amounts of H+ produced per kg biomass (specific acid production) were the highest at the nil K supply, generally decreased with increasing K level up to 30 mg K kg-1 under lupin and up to 120 mg K kg-1 soil under clover and only slightly increased with further increasing K under lupin. Increasing K2SO4 supply proportionally increased plant uptake of K and SO
4
2-
but generally decreased concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, P and Cl. Specific acid production correlated well with concentrations of excess cations and ash alkalinity, and total acid production was strongly correlated with total excess cations and total ash alkalinity in plants. These relationships were not affected by K treatment and species. Specific acid production also correlated with plant Ca concentration but not with K concentration. In addition, lupin and clover extruded similar amounts of H+ per kg biomass produced. It is suggested that application of K2SO4 does not have a significant impact on acid production by lupin and clover. 相似文献
9.
Barley roots contain a CO2 sensitive respiratory fraction which is inhibited in 50 per cent CO2 and is partially restored upon subsequent exposure to air. The residual O2 consumption occurring at CO2 concentrations between 50 per cent and 95 per cent amounts to about 40 per cent of the O2 uptake in air and can support K+ uptake for a limited time at a rate equal to or higher than occurs in air. Above 95 per cent CO2 both O2 and K+ uptakes decrease rapidly. 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), in the range of 10?6 to 10?5M, stimulates O2 uptake by the roots in air. The stimulation is absent when roots are treated with DNP in 80 per cent CO2, presumably because of the reduced demand for inorganic phosphate and phosphate acceptor at the lower respiratory level in high CO2. In either air or CO2, K+ uptake is strongly inhibited by DNP. A comparison of the respiratory and K+ uptake data indicates that O2 consumption is a necessary requirement for the uptake process in high CO2. Protoplasmic streaming in the root cells is rapidly stopped by high CO2 although K+ uptake and O2 consumption continue. The cation uptake mechanism in high CO2 appears to be limited to the stationary cytoplasm. It is also possible that a similar mechanism may be involved in cation uptake in air. 相似文献
10.
Christof Suchentrunk 《Inorganica chimica acta》2006,359(1):267-272
The new compounds [K(C12H24O6)][Rb(C12H24O6)]2Ge9 · 6NH3, [Rb(C12H24O6)]3Ge9 · 9NH3 and [Cs(C12H24O6)]3Ge9 · 6NH3 were prepared by the extraction of binary and ternary phases of the nominal composition K2Rb2Ge9, Rb4Ge9 and K2Cs2Ge9 with liquid ammonia in the presence of 18-crown-6. The resulting crystals were characterized by low temperature X-ray structure analysis. All of them contain the 21 electron cluster , which is coordinated by alkali metal cations in ion-paired arrangements. The cages were assigned their specific point group symmetry and were compared with hitherto known structures. 相似文献
11.
《Inorganica chimica acta》1988,145(2):289-298
Manganese(II) complexes of long chain phosphines, MnX2(phosphine)(THF) XCl, Br, I; phosphine=P(C12H25)3, P(C14H29)3, P(C16H33)3, PPh(C12H25)2, PPh(C14H29)2, PPh(C16H33)2; THF=tetrahydrofuran have been prepared and characterised. These complexes react reversibly with molecular oxygen both in the solid state and in THF and toluene solution forming 1:1 Mn:O2 adducts. These adducts are monomeric in toluene and THF and molecular weight measurements confirm that the THF ligand remains coordinated in toluene solution leading to the formation of MnX2(phosphine)(THF)(O2) species. All the O2-adducts are highly coloured and binding curves have been constructed and Ko2 values calculated. Based on these Ko2 values the affinity for dioxygen is in the order XCl>Br>I in toluene solution, with Hill coefficient, n, indicating cooperativity (1-1.5). In THF dioxygen binding does not appear to be cooperative. 相似文献
12.
Relationship between ATP Level and Activity of Fusicoccin-stimulated H/K-Exchange System in Plant Tissues 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
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The treatment with fusicoccin causes a slight but significant decrease (about 15%) in the ATP level in pea-internode and maize-coleoptile segments. This decrease is detectable within 15 minutes and is accompanied by a parallel increase in O2 uptake. Sodium azide inhibits O2 uptake and completely blocks the stimulation of O2 uptake by fusicoccin in both pea and coleoptile segments. Benzohydroxamic acid does not affect either basal or fusicoccin-induced O2 uptake in maize-coleoptile sections. The drop of ATP level induced by various treatments (sodium arsenate, 2-deoxyglucose, limiting O2, and anaerobiosis) is accompanied by a parallel inhibition of K+ uptake in maize coleoptiles treated with or without fusicoccin. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ATP is the energy source for the fusicoccin-activated H+/K+-exchange system. 相似文献
13.
《Inorganica chimica acta》1986,117(1):45-48
The resonance Raman spectra of K2(Ti(O2)(SO4)2)·5H2O and K2(Ti(O2)(C2O4)2)·3H2O are recorded. The results are consistent with the triangular structure of the peroxotitanium unit, Ti(O2), with C2ν symmetry. The ν(OO), νs(TiO) and νas(TiO) are observed around 890, 610 and 535 cm−1, respectively. The resonance effects are shown to be associated with the 425 nm absorption band. This band is assigned to the O22− → Ti(IV) charge-transfer transition. The calculated force constant values for the O22− and TiO bonds are 320 and 275 N m−1, respectively. 相似文献
14.
A derivative of Rhizobium japonicum (strain 122 DES) has been isolated which forms nodules on soybeans that evolve little or no H2 in air and efficiently fixes N2. Bacteroids isolated from nodules formed by strain 122 DES took up H2 with O2 as the physiological acceptor and appeared to be typical of those R. japonicum strains that possess the H2 uptake system. The hydrogenase system in soybean nodules is located within the bacteroids and activity in macerated bacteroids is concentrated in a particulate fraction. The pH optimum for the reaction is near 8.0 and apparent K
m values for H2 and O2 are 2 M and 1 M, respectively. The H2 oxidizing activity of a suspension of 122 DES bacteroids was stable at 4°C for at least 4 weeks and was not particularly sensitive to O2. Neither C2H2 nor CO inhibited O2 dependent H2 uptake activity.Non-physiological electron acceptors of positive oxidation reduction potential also supported H2 uptake by bacteroids. The rate of H2 uptake with phenazine methosulfate as the acceptor was greater than that with O2. When methylene blue, triphenyltetrazolium, potassium ferricyanide or dichlorophenolindophenol were added to bacteriod suspensions, without preincubation, rates of H2 uptake were supported that were lower than those in the presence of O2. Preincubation of the bacteroids with acceptors increased the rates of H2 uptake. No H2 evolution was observed from reaction mixtures containing bacteroid suspensions and reduced methyl or benzyl viologens. Of a series of carbon substrates added to bacteroid suspensions only acetate, formate or succinate at concentrations of 50 mM resulted in 20% or greater inhibition of H2 oxidation.The H2 uptake capacity of isolated 122 DES bacteroids (expressed on a dry bacteroid basis) was at least 10-fold higher than the rate of the nitrogenase reaction in nodules expressed on a comparable basis. Since about 1 mol of H2 is evolved for every mol of N2 reduced during the N2 fixation reaction, these observations explain why soybean nodules formed by strain 122 DES and other strains with high H2 uptake activities have a capacity for recycling all the H2 produced from the nitrogenase reaction.Abbreviations PMS
PHenazine methosulfate
- MB
Methylene blue 相似文献
15.
Khodayar Gholivand Mohammad Abdollahi Fresia Mojahed Ahlam Madani Alizadehgan Gholamreza Dehghan 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(2):566-576
Eight newly synthesized carbacylamidophosphates with the general formula RC(O)NHP(O)Cl2 with R = pCl–C6H4 1a, pBr–C6H4 2a, C6H5 3a, and pMe–C6H4 4a and RC(O)NHP(O)(NC4H8O)2 R = pCl–C6H4 1b, pBr–C6H4 2b, C6H5 3b, pMe–C6H4 4b, were selected to compare the inhibition kinetic parameters, IC50, Ki, kp and KD, on human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and bovine serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), Also, the in vivo inhibition potency of compound 2a, 2b and 3a, were studied. The data demonstrates that compound 2a and compound 2b are the potent sensitive as AChE and BuChE inhibitors respectively, and the inhibition of hAChE is about 10-fold greater than that of BuChE. 相似文献
16.
Quantitation of Rates of Transport, Metabolic Fluxes, and Cytoplasmic Levels of Inorganic Carbon in Maize Root Tips during K Ion Uptake 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Our aim was to determine whether fixation of inorganic carbon (Ci), due to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity, is limited by the availability of Ci in the cytoplasm of maize (Zea mays L.) root tips. Rates of Ci uptake and metabolism were measured during K2SO4 treatment, which stimulates dark Ci fixation. 13Ci uptake was followed by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); 5 millimolar K2SO4 had no significant effect on 13Ci influx. The contribution of respiratory CO2 production to cytoplasmic HCO3− was measured using in vivo 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR of cell extracts; K2SO4 treatment had no effect on respiratory CO2 production. The concentration of cytoplasmic HCO3− was estimated to be approximately 11 millimolar, again with K2SO4 having no significant effect. These experiments allowed us to determine the extent to which extracellularly supplied 14Ci was diluted in the cytoplasm by respiratory CO2 and thereby measure phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase activity in vivo using 14Ci. PEP carboxylase activity in root tips was enhanced approximately 70% over controls within 12 minutes of the addition of 5 millimolar K2SO4. The activity of carbonic anhydrase, which provides PEP carboxylase with Ci, was determined by saturation transfer 13C-NMR to be more than 200 times that of PEP carboxylase in vivo. The regulation of PEP carboxylase in K2SO4-treated roots is discussed. 相似文献
17.
To accomplish the micro Kjeldahl digestion of cereal grains and other biological materials in approximately 10 minutes, two techniques were developed: (1) digestion in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, K2SO4HgOH2SO4 mixture, with lauric acid as anti-foaming agent, and (2) precarbonization of sample in K2SO4HgOH2SO4 mixture to produce foam-forming materials which are immediately destroyed by H2O2. Oxidation of the sample is enhanced by H2O2 and high digestion temperature resulting from increased salt-acid ratio. 相似文献
18.
Summary Ethylene (C2H4) accumulation in flooded soil was related to oxygen (O2), redox potential (Eh), and flooding rate. The water status response of tobacco (Nicotiana, tabacum L.) to these conditions was evaluated from stem diameter, relative water content, leaf water potential, and C2H4 content of leaf tissue. Treatments were: flooded with either 0,5, or 15 cm of water per day for 6 days. By the third day, O2 in the soil decreased to less than 9% in treatments flooded with 5 or 15 cm of water. When O2 in the soil air was less than 9% and redox potential (Eh) was less than +150 mv, most of the soil air samples contained some C2H4 and 16% contained more than 6 ppm. Very little C2H4 was present in soil air when O2 exceeded 9%. Tobacco leaf C2H4 peaked 3 days after flooding and then declined to the preflooding level a day later, one day ahead of the rapid increase in soil C2H4. Wilting developed progressively beginning with the rise of C2H4 in the soil; leaf water potential, stem diameter, and relative leaf water content all were decreased. Soil-and plant-produced C2H4 are suggested as factors in reducing root permeability and increasing resistance to water uptake by tobacco.Contribution of the USDA-SEA/AR, in cooperation with the South Carolina Experiment Station. 相似文献
19.
The aim of the present investigation was to verify the effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on SO4= uptake through Band 3 protein, responsible for Cl-/HCO3- as well as for cell membrane deformability, due to its cross link with cytoskeletal proteins. The role of cytoplasmic proteins binding to Band 3 protein has been also considered by assaying H2O2 effects on hemoglobin-free resealed ghosts of erythrocytes. Oxidative conditions were induced by 30 min exposure of human erythrocytes to different H2O2 concentrations (10 to 300 μM), with or without GSH (glutathione, 2 mM) or curcumin (10 μM), compounds with proved antioxidant properties. Since SO4= influx through Band 3 protein is slower and better controllable than Cl- or HCO3- exchange, the rate constant for SO4= uptake was measured to prove anion transport efficiency, while MDA (malondialdehyde) levels and –SH groups were estimated to quantify the effect of oxidative stress. H2O2 induced a significant decrease in rate constant for SO4= uptake at both 100 and 300 μM H2O2. This reduction, observed in erythrocytes but not in resealed ghosts and associated to increase in neither MDA levels nor in –SH groups, was impaired by both curcumin and GSH, whereas only curcumin effectively restored H2O2-induced changes in erythrocytes shape. Our results show that: i) 30 min exposure to 300 μM H2O2 reduced SO4= uptake in human erythrocytes; ii) oxidative damage was revealed by the reduction in rate constant for SO4= uptake, but not by MDA or –SH groups levels; iii) the damage was produced via cytoplasmic components which cross link with Band 3 protein; iv) the natural antioxidant curcumin may be useful in protecting erythrocytes from oxidative injury; v) SO4= uptake through Band 3 protein may be reasonably suggested as a tool to monitor erythrocytes function under oxidative conditions possibly deriving from alcohol consumption, use of drugs, radiographic contrast media administration, hyperglicemia or neurodegenerative diseases. 相似文献
20.
Silvério SC Moreira S Milagres AM Macedo EA Teixeira JA Mussatto SI 《Analytical biochemistry》2012,421(2):719-724
The interference of some specific aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) phase-forming components in bovine serum albumin (BSA) determination by the Bradford method was investigated. For this purpose, calibration curves were obtained for BSA in the presence of different concentrations of salts and polymers. A total of 19 salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, LiSO4, Na2HPO4, sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), NaH2PO4, K2HPO4, potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), KH2PO4, C6H8O7, Na3C6H5O7, KCHO2, NaCHO2, NaCO3, NaHCO3, C2H4O2, sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5), and NaC2H3O2] and 7 polymers [PEG 4000, PEG 8000, PEG 20000, UCON 3900, Ficoll 70000, PES 100000, and PVP 40000] were tested, and each calibration curve was compared with the one obtained for BSA in water. Some concentrations of salts and polymers had considerable effect in the BSA calibration curve. Carbonate salts were responsible for the highest salt interference, whereas citric and acetic acids did not produce interference even in the maximum concentration level tested (5 wt%). Among the polymers, UCON gave the highest interference, whereas Ficoll did not produce interference when used in concentrations up to 10 wt%. It was concluded that a convenient dilution of the samples prior to the protein quantification is needed to ensure no significant interference from ATPS phase-forming constituents. 相似文献