无机盐诱导蓝藻细胞液泡化

选用NaCl、KNO3、(NH4)2SO4、MgSO4、CaCl2五种常用无机盐对分属三科的六种蓝藻进行液泡化诱导,不同蓝藻其盐敏感性不同。鱼腥藻sp.595最为敏感,五种盐均诱导其液泡化;颤藻284和极大螺旋藻438最不敏感,所试验盐类均不能诱导其液光化;念珠藻sp.96、织线藻246和伪枝藻248液泡化程度居中,少数盐类如NaC1、KNO3、(NH4)2SO4对其有诱导作用。采用压片法观察到诱导形成的液泡,液泡在相差显微镜下显示为圆球形,基本透明。     

大亚湾表层沉积物和底栖生物中重金属的污染特征与生物积累

通过分析2015 年5 月大亚湾海域34 个采样站位表层沉积物和底栖生物生物体中5 种重金属(铜、铅、锌、镉、汞)的综合污染程度因子、潜在生态风险因子和生物-沉积物积累因子, 评估了大亚湾海域表层沉积物重金属的污染现状、潜在生态风险水平和生物-沉积物积累程度。结果表明: 大亚湾海域表层沉积物中重金属含量上呈现锌>铅>铜>镉>汞的规律; 空间上呈带梯度带分布: 北部沿岸海域含量较高, 南部口门附近海域最低。重金属污染属于中等-比较严重污染水平, 其中锌、镉、汞是大亚湾沉积物污染的主要因子, 潜在生态风险属于中等-较高风险水平, 汞、镉是较大的潜在风险因子。底栖生物生物体重金属含量上呈现锌>铜>铅>镉>汞。铜、铅、锌、汞四种重金属除铜、锌在棒锥螺(Turritella terebra)生物体轻度积累外, 其它均无明显积累表现, 而重金属镉呈现较强的积累现象。     

无机盐诱导鱼腥藻 595 (Anabaena sp.595)的细胞学效应

鱼腥藻595(Anabaena sp．595)在0．05mol／L钾、钠、铵的盐酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐的诱导下,2d后即出现显著的细胞学效应：细胞体积增大,明显液泡化;少数细胞发生横向和不均等分裂;藻丝片段化,异形胞分化率相对提高。其中,铵盐培养的藻丝细胞内出现特异的浓缩颗粒状区域。钙盐、镁盐也诱导类似细胞学变化,但作用较弱。在含0．1mol／L NaO的培养基中长期培养,细胞出现周期性分化行为,开始细胞膨大并液泡化,以后色素质重新充满细胞,液泡消失,然后细胞分裂至正常细胞大小,成为接近正常的藻丝,但接着又膨大液泡化,如此进入新的周期过程。     

无机盐诱导鱼腥藻 595 (Anabaena sp.595)的细胞学效应

鱼腥藻 595 (Anabaenasp. 595)在0.05 mol/L钾、钠、铵的盐酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐的诱导下,2 d后即出现显著的细胞学效应：细胞体积增大,明显液泡化;少数细胞发生横向和不均等分裂;藻丝片段化,异形胞分化率相对提高。其中,铵盐培养的藻丝细胞内出现特异的浓缩颗粒状区域。钙盐、镁盐也诱导类似细胞学变化,但作用较弱。在含 0.1 mol/L NaCl的培养基中长期培养,细胞出现周期性分化行为,开始细胞膨大并液泡化,以后色素质重新充满细胞,液泡消失,然后细胞分裂至正常细胞大小,成为接近正常的藻丝,但接着又膨大液泡化,如此进入新的周期过程。     

5种湿地植物对土壤重金属的富集转运特征

选择芦苇、水葱、千屈菜、扁秆藨草、长苞香蒲5种湿地植物进行盆栽实验,比较它们对土壤中的5种重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的富集特性,分析重金属在各植物体和土壤中的动态分布,以评价所测植物对土壤中重金属的综合富集能力,为利用植物修复金属污染土壤提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明:(1)种植湿地植物对土壤重金属的富集效果显著高于无植物对照,且随着处理时间的延长,土壤中重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的含量均呈下降趋势。(2)湿地植物对重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的富集效果差异显著,其中水葱根部对重金属镉的富集系数最大,芦苇根部对重金属铬、汞、铅、锌的富集系数均最大,千屈菜、扁秆藨草和长苞香蒲根部对5种重金属的富集系数均较小;芦苇地上部分对金属镉的富集系数最大,千屈菜地上部分对金属铬、汞、铅的富集系数均最大,水葱地上部分对金属锌的富集系数最大。(3)5种湿地植物对重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的转移系数差异显著,其中扁秆藨草对土壤中镉、铬、铅、锌的转移系数均为最大,对铬和锌的转移系数均大于1,长苞香蒲对铬的转移系数大于1,仅次于扁秆藨草。其他3种植物对5种重金属的转移系数均小于1。研究表明,5种湿地植物对重金属Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Zn都有富集和转移的能力,但不同植物对不同重金属的富集效果不同。     

十四属蓝藻液泡的检查和分离

采用压片法,渗透冲击法和原生质球法,对14个属的不同蓝藻进行了液泡存在的检查和分离试验,每种蓝藻都检查到液泡,无一例外。其中鱼腥藻、念珠藻、项圈藻、席藻、简孢藻等都能形成液泡化原生质球,原生质球低渗破裂释放液泡,液泡得率极高,不同种的液泡都耐低渗。因此,本研究证明液泡在蓝藻中的存在是普遍的。     

铜锌复合污染对铜富集植物大聚藻抗氧化酶活性的影响

以前期筛选的铜富集植物大聚藻为材料,采用两因素随机区组试验设计,通过盆栽试验研究了不同浓度铜锌复合污染对大聚藻抗氧化酶活性的影响,以揭示铜富集植物大聚藻对重金属的耐性机理,为芦溪河及其它类似污染河流的生态恢复与植被重建提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)铜锌复合污染条件下,大聚藻生物量都表现出低促高抑现象。(2)铜锌复合污染时,大聚藻MDA含量随铜锌浓度升高表现出先升高后降低的变化。(3)铜锌复合污染对大聚藻抗氧化酶系统活性均有不同程度的影响,低浓度铜锌复合污染对SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)和CAT(过氧化氢酶)有促进作用,而随浓度的升高则表现出不同的规律。研究发现,铜锌胁迫下,大聚藻细胞应急防御系统被启动,SOD、POD和CAT发挥作用,体内过量自由基及时被清除,使大聚藻能够保持高的耐性。     

重金属Cd2+和Cu2+对一种曲壳藻生长情况及其抗氧化酶活性的影响

以淡水底栖硅藻曲壳藻(Achnanthes kryophila Petersen)为毒理试验材料, 研究了重金属镉、铜对曲壳藻生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明: 镉和铜胁迫96 h EC50 分别为: 0.984 mgL–1 和1.589 mgL–1。藻生长量总体随重金属浓度的增加而降低, 然而镉(0-0.1 mgL–1)、铜(0-0.02 mgL–1)暴露组表现出明显的毒性兴奋效应。曲壳藻可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随镉和铜胁迫浓度增加先升高后下降, 丙二醛(MDA)含量随着胁迫浓度增高逐渐增大, 镉和铜变化趋势大体相同, 但是变化幅度不同。高浓度重金属胁迫诱导氧自由基的大量产生,破坏了曲壳藻抗氧化酶系统的动态平衡, 加剧了膜脂过氧化作用, 影响藻细胞的生长并最终导致细胞死亡。     

青霉素处理检查和分离蓝藻细胞液泡

蓝藻是否有液泡一直是一个悬而未决的问题 [1,2 ] 。近年来 ,郭厚良等在原生质球研究中[3 ,4] 发现一些无机盐能诱导某些蓝藻细胞形成液泡[5] ,随后又发现细胞液泡 [6] ,并通过原生质球途径实现了无机盐诱导液泡的分离[7] 。应当说 ,细胞液泡较之无机盐诱导分化形成的液泡具有更大的重要性。但在细胞液泡方面尚有诸多问题不够明确 ,如细胞液泡的分化频率 ,细胞液泡存在的普通性以及如何分离细胞液泡等。为此 ,我们进行了青霉素细胞检查和分离蓝藻细胞液泡的试验。1　材料和方法1 .1　藻种及培养研究使用了 3种蓝藻 ,鱼腥藻 71 2 0、发状念珠…     

发头裸腹zao雄性性别分化的诱导

本文报道了重金属铜，锌，镉对发头裸腹zao(Moina irrasa)雄性性别分化的诱导作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.