Notes on the fern family Tectariaceae from Hainan Island,China

Ataxipteris dianguiensis W. M. Chu & H. G. Zhou and Tectaria polymorpha (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel. are reported as new records to Hainan Island, China; T. polymorpha var. subcuneata Ching & Chu H. Wang is reduced to synonymy of T. polymorpha (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel. The morphological variation of T. subtriphylla (Hook. & Arn.) Copel. and the differences between T. simonsii (Baker) Ching and T. media Ching are discussed. A lecototype is designated for A. dianguiensis. Up to date, 20 species of 8 genera in Tectariaceae are recorded to occur in Hainan Island.     

Taxonomic revision of and supplement to the Tectaria Cav. (Aspidiaceae) from Yunnan,China

Tectaria Cav. is a large fern genus of ca. 150 species distributed in the tropic and subtropic regions of the world, of which 27 species and two varieties occur in China. These species are mostly distributed in the southern part to the Yangtze River, mainly concentrated in Yunnan, only two species spreading northwards to Sichuan located in the northern part to the Yangtze River. Based on examination of specimens deposited in KUN and PE, many of which are recent collections, a new species is described, one species and one variety are recognized as new records for China, one species as new record for Yunnan, one species as new record for Guizhou, and four specific names, i. e., T. cosimilis Ching et C. H. Wang, T. decurrenti-alata Ching et C. H. Wang, T. fengii Ching et C. H. Wang, T. simaoensis Ching et C. H. Wang are reduced to synonymies. As a re-suit, 22 species and two varieties are recognized in the genus Tectaria from Yunnan.     

云南叉蕨属(Tectaria Cav.)的增补与订正

叉蕨属是蕨类植物的大属之一,全世界约150种,分布于世界热带及亚热带地区。据记载,中国 有27种、2变种,分布在长江以南,仅有2种北达长江以北四川境内,而大部分种类集中分布在云南。近 来,笔者主要对保存在中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本室的标本进行了清理,也参考了中国科学院植物 研究所标本馆的标本,这些标本不少是近年来所采集,其中,发现1新种并有1种和1变种为中国新记 录,1种为云南新记录,1种为贵州新记录,有4个种名是新异名,即Tectaria cosimilis Ching et C．H．Wang, T．decurrenti-calata Ching et C．H．Wang,T．fengii Ching et C. H．Wang,T．Simaoensis Ching et C.H．Wang。至此,所知云南产叉蕨属有22种、2变种。     

New Material of Polypodiaceae

One new species of the genus Lepisorus (L. petiolatus Ching et Y. X. Lin) and one new record of the genus Colysis (C. membranacea (Bl.) Presl) arereported from Guangxi, China.     

中国实蕨属的分类修订

对实蕨属Bolbitis的17种植物的孢子进行了扫描电镜观察。根据孢子周壁特征,中国产实蕨属的孢子明显可分为3种类型：A型孢子具网状周壁,B型孢子具鸡冠状-波状周壁,C型孢子具平滑的波状周壁。孢子周壁特征、叶脉式样和叶片顶部的形态是实蕨属中最有价值的分类学性状。根据标本检查,结合野外调查和孢子形态观察,对中国产实蕨属的分类进行了修订,确定中国有实蕨属植物20种和3杂交种,其中包括2个新组合B. fengiana (Ching) S. Y. Dong和B. medogensis (Ching &; S. K. Wu) S. Y. Dong,以及2个中国新分布B. costata Ching ex C. Chr.和B. hookeriana K. Iwats.。将B. latipinna Ching、B. media Ching &; Chu H. Wang、B. yunnanensis Ching、Egenolfia crassifolia Ching、E. crenata Ching &; P. S. Chiu、E. fengiana Ching、E. medogensis Ching &; S. K. Wu和E. ×yunnanensis Ching &; P. S. Chiu等8个名称处理为新异名。文中给出了分种检索表、每个种的生境和分布资料、大多数种的特征集要和孢子扫描电镜照片。     

云南蕨类植物区系新记录（Ⅰ）

云南蕨类植物区系新记录（Ⅰ）陆树刚,张光飞（云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,昆明６５００９１）ＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＳＴＯＴＨＥＰＴＥＲＩＤＯＦＬＯＲＡＯＦＹＵＮＮＡＮ（Ⅰ）￥ＬＵＳｈｕ－Ｇａｎｇ;ＺＨＡＮＧＧｕａｎｇ－Ｆｅｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｃ...     

扁苞蕗蕨和长柄蕗蕨的细胞分类学研究

本文首次报道了四川产扁苞蕗蕨和长柄蕗蕨的染色体及孢子发生情况。它们的染色体数目分别为 n=26和n=28,都是有性生殖的二倍体。染色体基数26在蕗蕨属的发现进一步证明了它和膜蕨属、厚壁蕨属的密切亲缘关系。这两种蕗蕨的孢子囊通常形成128个孢子及少数256个孢子的情况被描述,它们应该被看成是有性生殖真蕨,尤其是在膜蕨科和薄囊真蕨中的其他较原始的类群中的正常的孢子发生路线。     

Taxonomic revision of Lepisorus （J. Sm.） Ching sect. Lepisorus （Polypodiaceae） from China

The taxonomy of Lepisorus （J. Sm.） Ching sect. Lepisorus in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations, field observations, and microscopic study of rhizome scales, soral paraphyses, leaf epidermis, and spores. As a result, nine species were recognized： Lepisorus macrosphaerus （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus asterolepis （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus marginatus Ching, Lepisorus kuchenensis （Y.C. Wu） Ching, Lepisorus megasorus （C. Chr.） Ching, Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa, Lepisorus subsessilis Ching ＆ Y.X. Lin, Lepisorus affinis Ching, and Lepisorus nudus （Hook.） Ching. Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa was reinstated; Lepisorus gyirongensis Ching ＆ S.K. Wu and Lepisorus longus Ching were reduced to synonyms ofL. nudus and L. affinis, respectively. The subdivision ofLepisorus macrosphaerus was not accepted. Rhizome scales and paraphyses are the most useful characters for species delimitation as well as for infrageneric classification. Characteristics of the leaf epidermis and spore ornamentation are usually stable and thus of great significance in understanding the relationships among groups within the genus.     

Cytotaxonomic Observations on Mecodium paniculiflorum (Presl) Copel and M. osmnndoides (V. D.B.) Ching

Mecodium paniculiflorum (Presl) Copel. and M. osmundoides (v. d. B.) Ching from Sichuan Province have been examined cytologically. They have the chromosome numbers n = 26 and n=28 respectively, which are recorded for the first time. Their spores produced after normal meiosis are seemly available. Both the species are sexual diploid. The chromosome number n=26 of M. paniculiflorum shows that it is distinct from M. polyanthos (Sw.) Copel. with the chromosome number n=28. However, M. osmundoides has the same chromosorrie number with M. polyanthos. Therefore, it may be an Asian member of M. polyanthos group. The occurrence of the basic number 26 in the genus Mecodium has given a strong evidence of the close relationship between Mecodium and Hymenophyllum, Meringium. It has been known that in Hymenophyllaceae, they are the only three genera with more than four base numbers. They have shared the base numbers 21 and 28. Now, they have the third common base number 26 (or 13) which is a spicific basic number in the family. In addition, all they have bivalved involucres and other similar characters, so it is reasonable that they are treated as subgenera or section under the same genus Hymenophyllum by C. V. Morton[13] and K. lwatsuki[7,8]. During the sporogenesis of M. paniculiflorum and M. osmundoides, the initial archesporiaI cell in a developing sporangium usually divides successively five times by mitosis resulting 32-spore mother cells, and then meiosis occurs regularly, giving rise to 128 spores finally. In a few cases, 64-SMC or 256-spore sporangia are also produced in M, osmundoides. It is suggested that besides forming 64-spore sporangium, forming 128-spore and 256-spore sporangia should be conscidered as normal sporogenesis lines in sexually-reproducing ferns, especially in Hyme- nophyllaceae and other ancient group of leptosporangiate ferns. The voucher specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of our Institute (PE).     

Taxonomic revision of Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching sect. Lepisorus (Polypodiaceae) from China

The taxonomy of Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching sect. Lepisorus in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations, field observations, and microscopic study of rhizome scales, soral paraphyses, leaf epidermis and spores. As a result nine species were recognized: Lepisorus macrosphaerus (Baker) Ching, L. asterolepis (Baker) Ching, L. marginatus Ching, L. kuchenensis (Y. C. Wu) Ching, L. megasorus(C. Chr.) Ching, L. kawakamii (Hayata) Tagawa, L. subsessilis Ching & Y. X. Lin, L. affinis Ching and L. nudus (Hook.) Ching. Lepisorus kawakamii (Hayata) Tagawa was reinstated; L. gyirongensis Ching & S. K. Wu and L. longus Ching were reduced to synonyms of L. nudus and L. affinis respectively. The subdivision of L. macrosphaerusis was not accepted. Rhizome scales and paraphyses are the most useful characters for species delimitation as well as for infrageneric classification. Characteristics of the leaf epidermis and spore ornamentation are usually stable and thus of great significance in understanding the relationships among groups within the genus.     

越南蕨类植物新记载(2)

Nine species of ferns are reported for the first time from Vietnam： Cyrtomium pachyphyllum （Rosenst.） C. Chr. C. shingianum H. S. Kung et P. S. Wang, Dryopteri bodinieri （Christ） C. Chr., D. gyrnnosora （Makino） C. Chr. Teratophyllum aculeatum （B1.） Mett. ex Kuhn, Elaphoglossunm sinii C. Chr. ex Wu, Tectaria herpetocaulos Holtt. T. hokouensis Ching et C. H. Wang, BoninieUa cardiophylla （Hance） Tagawa, distributions are discussed.     

Chromosome counts in some Chinese ferns

The spore mother cells of six species of Chinese homosporous ferns have been examined, among them the chromosome numbers of five species, Adiantum capillus-junonis Rupr. (n= 30), Ctenitis rhodolepis (Clarke) Ching (n = 41), Cyclogramma flexilis (Christ) Tagawa (n = 68), Leptogramma scallani (Christ) Ching (n = 36) and Vandenboschia auriculata (B1.) Copel. (n=36), from Emei Shan (Omei) Sichuan province are recorded for the first time. The chromosome number n=68 from the species Cyclogramma flexilis suggests that the base number for this genus is 34. Another species, Athyrium brevifrons Nakai from Wuling Shah Beijing (Peking) has a gameticchromosome number n=40, as already reported by K. Mitui and H. Hirabayashi.     

Eight new species and new ranges of Tectariaceae (Felicales) in the Neotropics

The following species of Tectariaceae (Filicales) from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá, Colombia and Perú are described as new: Ctenitis sotoana A. Rojas, Megalastrum ctenitoides A. Rojas, Tectaria darienensis A. Rojas, T. faberiana A. Rojas, T. longipinnata A. Rojas, T. murilloana A. Rojas, T. pascoensis A. Rojas and T. subdimorpha A. Rojas. The new combination of M. karstenianum (Klotzsch) A. Rojas is proposed. The distributions of C. bullata A. R. Sm., C. microchlaena (Fée) Stolze, C. submarginalis (Langsd. et Fisch.) Ching, T. andina (Baker) C. Chr. and T. sodiroi (Baker) Maxon are enlarged.     

Systematic significance of cytology in Cyananthus (Campanulaceae) endemic to the Sino-Himalayan region

Chromosome numbers and the morphology of members of 24 populations representing 15 species of the Sino-Himalayan endemic genus Cyananthus(Campanulaceae) were studied using karyological and numerical taxonomic techniques. The chromosome numbers of these taxa are 2n = 10, 12, 14, 24, 28, and the basic chromosome numbers for the genus are x = 5, 6, 7. All species except C. inflatus Hook. f. & Thoms. and C. microphyllus Edgew. were examined for the first time and a new ploidy level (tetraploidy) is reported in the genus. Chromosome measurement data were analyzed using cluster analysis. The relationships between three sections within Cyananthus and evolutionary trends within the genus are discussed in the light of karyological data. The cytological data suggest that Cyananthus is a relatively primitive genus in Campanulaceae and there is significant division within the genus, and polyploidization may have played an important role in the chromosome evolution and speciation of Cyananthus in the Himalayan–Hengduan Mountains.     

Some New Records of Ferns from Vietnam ( 2)

Nine species of ferns are reported for the first time from Vietnam: Cyrtomium pachyp hyllum ( Rosenst. ) C. Chr. , C1 shingianum H. S. Kung et P. S. Wang, Dryopteri bodinieri ( Christ) C. Chr. , D1 gymnosora (Makino) C. Chr. , Teratop hyllum aculeatum ( Bl. ) Mett. ex Kuhn, Elaphoglossunm sinii C. Chr. ex Wu, Tectaria herpetocaulos Holtt. , T1 hokouensis Ching et C. H. Wang, Boniniella cardiophylla ( Hance) Tagawa, distributions are discussed.     

叉蕨科4属5种植物配子体的发育模式及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜详细观察了叉蕨科(Aspidiaceae)4属5种植物, 即肋毛蕨属(Ctenitis (C. Chr.)C. Chr.)的亮鳞肋毛蕨 (C. subglandulosa (Hance)Ching)和海南肋毛蕨(C. decurrenti-pinnata (Ching)Ching)、轴脉蕨属(Ctenitopsis Ching ex Tard.-Blot et C. Chr.)的轴脉蕨(C. sagenioides (Mett.)Ching)、黄腺羽蕨属(Pleocnemia Presl )的黄腺羽蕨(P. winitti Holtt.)以及叉蕨属(Tectaria Cav.)的剑叶叉蕨(T. leptophylla (C. H. Wright)Ching)的配子体发育过程, 记录了配子体各发育阶段的模式特征, 认为这5种植物的孢子、丝状体、片状体、生长点、翼片、细胞、毛状体和假根等具有稳定的系统学意义。检索结果与该科的经典分类结果基本相似, 并在此基础上编写了各分类群的检索表。本研究为叉蕨科系统学研究积累了详实的配子体形态学资料。     

宽带蕨属（水龙骨科）的系统学研究

对喜马拉雅和横断山地区特有的水龙骨科的宽带蕨属Platygyria Ching&S.K.Wu植物进行了形态学、分类学、生态和植物地理学的观察与分析,探讨了该属植物的系统位置、亲缘关系和生态适应性,推测宽带蕨属是随着喜马拉雅山脉的隆升,由瓦韦属Lepisorus（J.Sm.）Ching网眼瓦韦群植物适应高寒生态环境演化而来的新生类群。确定宽带蕨属有5种,即川西宽带蕨P.soulieana（Christ）X.C.Zhang&Q.R.Liu、多变宽带蕨P.variabilis Ching&S.K.Wu、耳基宽带     

A supermatrix approach provides a comprehensive genus-level phylogeny for Gentianales

Gentianales consist of Apocynaceae, Gelsemiaceae, Gentianaceae, Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae, of which the majority are woody plants in tropical and subtropical areas. Despite extensive efforts in reconstructing the phylogeny of Gentianales based on molecular data, some interfamily and intrafamily relationships remain uncertain. We reconstructed the genus-level phylogeny of Gentianales based on the supermatrix of eight plastid markers (rbcL, matK, atpB, ndhF, rpl16, rps16, thetrnL-trnF region, and atpB-rbcL spacer) and one mitochondrial gene (matR) using maximum likelihood. The major clades and their relationships retrieved in the present study concur with those of previous studies. All of the five families of Gentianales are monophyletic with strong support. We resolved Rubiaceae as sister to the remaining families in Gentianales and showed support for the sister relationship between Loganiaceae and Apocynaceae. Our results provide new insights into relationships among intrafamilial clades. For example, within Rubiaceae we found that Craterispermeae were sister to Morindeae + (Palicoureeae + Psychotrieae) and that Theligoneae were sister to Putorieae. Within Gentianaceae, our phylogeny revealed that Gentianeae were sister to Helieae and Potalieae, and subtribe Lisianthiinae were sister to Potaliinae and Faroinae. Within Loganiaceae, we found Neuburgia as sister to Spigelieae. Within Apocynaceae, our results supported Amsonieae as sister to Melodineae, and Hunterieae as sister to a clade comprising Plumerieae + (Carisseae + APSA). We also confirmed the monophyly of Perplocoideae and the relationships among Baisseeae + (Secamonoideae + Asclepiadoideae).     

Phylogeny of Rhododendron section Vireya (Ericaceae) based on two non-coding regions of cpDNA

Section Vireya (Blume) Copel.f. is one of the most morphologically diverse groups of the genus Rhododendron. Vireyas have a unique distribution for the genus, being predominantly found throughout the Malesian Archipelago. The alpha taxonomy of section Vireya is relatively well understood and taxa are easily distinguished from other rhododendrons by their general appearance. Defining characteristics of the section the possession of seeds with tailed appendages at both ends, the twisting of capsule valves after opening, placentas that separate as thread-like structures from the central axis as the capsule opens are all subject to exceptions. Phylogenetic analyses of two cpDNA regions, psbA-trnH and trnT-trnL intergenic spacers are reported. The results of each analysis were generally congruent, with clades relating strongly to geographic areas. Section Vireya is monophyletic with the inclusion of at least one species of section Rhododendron. Only two of the seven subsections currently circumscribed are monophyletic: Malayovireya Sleumer and Siphonovireya Sleumer. ``Euvireya', all subsections excluding the paraphyletic subsection Pseudovireya, is monophyletic and includes two major clades, one restricted to eastern Malesia and the other to the western and middle Malesia.     

中国珠蕨属的分类修订

对国产珠蕨属Cryptogramma R.Br.的分类进行了修订,承认2种1变种,即稀叶珠蕨C.stelleri（Gm l.）Prantl,高山珠蕨C.brunoniana Wall.ex Hook.&Grev.和珠蕨C.bru noniana var.sinensis（Christ）G.M.Zhang。将峨眉珠蕨C.emeiensis Ching&K.H.Shing并入高山珠蕨。同时对该属的系统位置进行了讨论。