Studies on the nutrition of forage legumes

Summary Surface samples of six Ontario soils were selected to provide a range in pH, texture and carbonate content. Phosphorus was added to the soil samples at the rate of 200, and 2000 pounds. P₂O₅ per acre and the inorganic phosphates associated with aluminum (Al-P), iron (Fe-P) and calcium (Ca-P) were analysed 15, 30, and 335 days after treatment. Samples of the check soils were leached with the equivalent of 7 litres of soil-percolated water and then analysed for phosphate fractions. In 5 soils with added phosphorus the Al-P fraction increased at both rates of added phosphorus, Fe-P increased only at the higher rate of added phosphorus and Ca-P did not increase at either rate. In the sixth soil (69.9% CaCO₃ equivalent) Ca-P increased at both rates of added phosphorus, but proportionately less than the water-soluble phosphorus. These changes in phosphorus values existed relatively unchanged for 335 days after the addition of phosphorus. Leaching generally removed phosphorus from all phosphorus fraction. At or below pH 7.1 (soil paste) the Al-P decreased proportionately more than the Fe-P and Ca-P. Above pH 7.1 the Ca-P decreased proportionately more than the other two fractions upon leaching.Contribution from Dept. of Soil Science, O.A.C., Guelph, Canada. Part of thesis submitted by junior author to the Graduate School, University of Toronto, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the M.S.A. degree.     

有机酸对土壤无机态磷转化和速效磷的影响

土壤有效磷含量低是影响作物生产的重要限制因素之一.作物根分泌活化难溶性磷的有机酸对改善其磷素营养具有重要意义.采用张守敬和Jackson无机磷分级方法,以湖北省3种pH值土壤为材料,加入不同磷源和有机酸,经过室温培养后,测定速效磷含量和无机磷组分的变化.结果表明:施磷显著提高了土壤中速效磷含量,中性土、酸性土Fe-P和Al-P含量大幅上升, Fe-P占增加量的50%以上,而碱性土Ca-P含量显著增加.加施有机酸使中性土速效磷含量增多,除苹果酸处理的变幅较小外,草酸和柠檬酸的加入速效磷显著增加.由于有机酸的作用,中性土Al-P含量下降,Ca-P含量上升,变幅大小依次为草酸＞柠檬酸＞苹果酸;酸性土中Al-P含量呈下降趋势,碱性土中Ca-P含量有不同程度的减少,3种土壤中O-P含量均有所增加.说明有机酸活化的磷主要来源于中性土和酸性土Al-P、Fe-P及碱性土Ca-P中的磷,同时有机酸能够促进土壤中闭蓄态磷(O-P)的形成与积累.     

温度和施磷对石灰性潮土小麦苗期生长及磷形态的影响

以石灰性潮土为对象,通过盆栽试验研究温度和磷肥对小麦苗期生长和土壤无机磷形态转化的影响.结果表明: 温度和磷肥是影响小麦生长的重要因子,但二者交互作用影响不显著.温度对小麦生长的影响大于施用磷肥,15 ℃是小麦苗期的适宜生长温度.与不施磷肥(-P)处理相比,5 ℃下,施磷肥(＋P)处理显著促进了小麦生长,小麦地上部、根部生物量分别提高18.2%、33.3%,地上部、根部磷素积累量分别提高30.6%、13.3%,根冠比、株高、分蘖、根系活力分别提高3.5%、10.0%、10.5%、70.3%;15 ℃下,施用磷肥对小麦生物量、分蘖影响不显著,但小麦地上部、根部磷素积累量分别提高32.3%、23.8%,根冠比、株高、根系活力分别提高15.6%、2.5%、32.8%;25 ℃下施用磷肥对小麦生长没有促进作用. 3种温度下,施磷能显著增加各处理土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)、二钙磷(Ca₂-P)、八钙磷(Ca₈-P)、铝磷(Al-P)和铁磷(Fe-P)含量.-P和+P处理下,温度对Ca₂-P含量影响不显著,对Olsen-P、Ca₈-P、Fe-P、Al-P含量影响显著.Ca₈-P、Fe-P含量表现为5 ℃>15 ℃>25 ℃;Al-P含量表现为25 ℃>15 ℃>5 ℃.小麦苗期可以吸收利用根际土壤Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P、Fe-P,而Al-P、Fe-P对小麦的有效性明显低于Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P.各处理pH、闭蓄态磷(O-P)和十钙磷(Ca₁₀-P)差异不显著.总之,温度主要通过影响小麦生长来影响磷素吸收,低温下施用磷肥能显著促进小麦生长,高温能加速石灰性土壤有效磷的固定,施磷能缓解这一过程.     

养分和水添加对弃耕草地土壤无机磷组分的影响

合理的养分和水分管理措施是提高退化草地生产力和生物多样性的有效途径,但养分和水添加对弃耕草地土壤无机磷组分的影响研究较少.本文依托内蒙古多伦县2005年建立的养分(N∶ 10 g·m-2·a-1、P∶ 10g·m-2·a-1)和水分(植物生长季增水180 mm)添加田间试验,研究了表土(0～10 cm)无机磷组分及有效...     

岩溶石漠化区不同植被恢复模式土壤无机磷形态特征及影响因素

为分析岩溶石漠化区不同植被恢复模式土壤无机磷的形态特征,评价植被恢复的土壤供磷潜力,阐明有机碳及钙素在无机磷形态转化中的作用,选取研究区内8种有代表性的样地,采用蒋柏藩无机磷分级方法对土壤无机磷形态特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:研究区土壤全磷与速效磷含量分别在0.25—1.35 g/kg、1.05—53.01 mg/kg范围,无机磷总量在123.94—934.61 mg/kg,耕地与退耕地以及各退耕地之间全磷、速效磷、各形态无机磷含量水平差异明显,各退耕地磷素含量水平介于耕地与次生马尾松林地之间,退耕地中桃林地、花椒林地磷素含量水平较高、樟树林地、柳杉林地、撂荒草地次之、撂荒灌丛地较低。各样地土壤无机磷占全磷比例在51.2%—72.4%,不同形态的无机磷含量表现为O-PFe-PCa-PAl-P,其中Ca2-P、Al-P对速效磷的贡献率大,Fe-P、Ca8-P贡献较小,O-P、Ca10-P献率最小。不同活性土壤有机碳与不同形态钙素对各形态无机磷在总无机磷中比例的影响较大,p H、容重、粘粒含量、含水量等其它理化性质影响较小。     

Evaluation of silica-supplying power of soils for growing rice

Summary Laboratory incubation and pot culture experiments conducted with five laterite, two red, two alluvial and one calcareous black, rice-growing soils showed that the power of extraction of silica both from dry and wet soils was in the descending order 0.2 N HCl, 0.025 M citric acid, N NaOAc at pH 4 and distilled water. Flooding increased the silica extracted by these four extractants which reached a peak in 20 days after which there was either no change or a slight decrease during the next forty days. The silica content and uptake in the crop was low in all except the black soil. The silica content of the dry-season crop was higher than that of the wet-season crop possibly because of more favourable climatic conditions prevailing during dry season which enhanced absorption. Correlation studies between silica extracted by different solutions both in dry and flooded soils and content and uptake of silica by the rice plant indicated that 0.025 M citric acid was the best extractant which could be used in the evaluation of the silicon supplying power of rice soils. re]19761012     

退耕植茶地土壤团聚体及其无机磷组分分布特征

为了揭示土壤团聚体及其无机磷组分对退耕植茶的响应特征,以雅安市名山区中峰乡退耕植茶地(2～3年、9～10年、16～17年)为研究对象,选取邻近耕地为对照,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法开展退耕植茶地土壤团聚体及其无机磷组分分布特征的研究.结果表明: 耕地及退耕植茶地土壤团聚体均以粒径>2 mm团聚体为主.随着退耕植茶年限的延长,各退耕植茶地粒径>5 mm的团聚体含量逐渐增加,粒径<5 mm的团聚体含量却逐渐降低.退耕植茶初期,退耕植茶地土壤团聚体平均质量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)值与对照差异不明显,退耕植茶9～10年和退耕植茶16～17年显著高于对照,且随着退耕植茶年限的延长逐渐增大.退耕植茶地与耕地相比,其有效性较高的Al-P、Fe-P含量增加,有效性较低的O-P含量降低,随着退耕植茶年限的延长,各粒径团聚体中有效性较低的O-P逐渐降低,有效性较高的Al-P、Fe-P逐渐增加.耕地及退耕植茶地中Al-P、Ca-P含量随粒径的减小而增加,在<0.25 mm粒径中的含量最高;Fe-P在<0.25 mm粒径团聚体中的含量最多,其次是2～5 mm和0.25～0.5 mm粒径团聚体;退耕植茶后,O-P逐渐向较小粒径中富集,在<2 mm粒径中含量较高.     

长期施肥对石灰性土壤磷素肥力的影响Ⅱ．无机磷和有机磷

采用蒋柏藩-顾益初无机磷分级方法和灼烧法、Bowman-Cole的土壤有机磷分组方法,研究了定位试验23年的0～100cm土壤无机磷和有机磷的形态组成．结果表明。无机磷含量为厩肥>休闲>化肥>低秸>高秸>中秸>无肥．不同施肥处理土壤无机磷各组分的IPi值呈现以下特点：Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P的IP值较低,Ca10-P、Fe-P、O-P的IPi值较高．与无肥处理的无机磷各组分IPi值相比,厩肥与休闲处理Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P的IPi值显著增大,Ca10-P、Fe-P、O-P的IPi值减小,其中以Ca10-P的IPi值减小较大．单施化肥处理Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、O-P的IPi值也增大,Ca10-P、Fe-P的IPi值减小,显示长期单施化肥不仅可明显提高Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P含量,而且对O-P的增长有显著作用．3种秸秆处理基本上呈现Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P的IPi值增大,Ca10-P、Fe—P、O-P的IPi值减小趋势．从就有效磷(Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P)含量而言,厩肥处理高于化肥处理,而单施化肥处理高于玉米秸秆处理．玉米秸秆配施化肥可显著增加土壤有机磷含量．对土壤有机磷库的贡献。玉米秸秆处理大于厩肥处理．施入有机肥,可增加土壤有机磷各组分的含量,而化肥则主要是促进土壤稳定性有机磷向活性、中活性有机磷转化．长期不施肥处理的土壤活性、中活性有机磷含量较低,而稳定性有机磷含量相对较高;休闲处理土壤有机质和有机磷含量均较低,而其活性有机磷、高稳性有机磷含量相对较高．     

低分子量有机酸对红壤无机态磷转化及酸度的影响

以鄂南、赣北两红壤样品为材料,加入不同有机酸并经室温培养后,测定不同P组分、pH及活性Al含量的变化。结果表明,供试有机酸均使土壤Ca2－P含量增高,增幅大小依次为柠檬酸＞苹果酸＞琥珀酸＞乙酸;2种土壤的Ca8－P和Ca10－P含量无明显变化规律,Fe-P、Al-P和O－P含量有所下降,除乙酸处理的土壤pH值无显著变化外,其它有机酸的加入使pH下降0．65－1．96;有机酸引起活性Al量增多,除乙酸处理的变化较小外,其它有机酸或混合物的加入使土壤中0．02mol.L^-1CaCl2提取Al增加4．7－50．3倍,1mol.L^-1提取Al增加4．0－67．3倍。可见,有机酸具有双重作用,既增加P的有效性,又增加土壤酸度和Al毒。     

不同退耕年限下菜子湖湿地土壤磷素组分特征变化

选取菜子湖区不同退耕年限(2、5、8、10a和20a)湿地为研究对象,以仍耕作油菜地和原始湿地为参照,分析了土壤全磷(TP)、有效磷(AP)、有机磷(OP)和无机磷(IP)各形态含量,探讨退耕还湖后湿地土壤磷素组分特征变化规律。结果表明:研究区土壤无机磷各形态含量大小顺序为:铁磷(Fe-P:73.55—391.76 mg/kg)钙磷(Ca-P:21.64—108.04 mg/kg)闭蓄态磷(O-P:17.15—29.57 mg/kg)铝磷(Al-P:5.84—25.97 mg/kg),其中Fe-P占了土壤无机磷总量的54.20%—74.13%;退耕还湖2—8a期间,湿地土壤Al-P、Fe-P和O-P含量有逐渐降低趋势,而退耕8—20a后逐渐上升,以Fe-P为主的这3形态磷左右着退耕后土壤无机磷的变化;Ca-P随退耕年限增加整体呈上升趋势,对土壤无机磷的贡献逐渐增加;无机磷占土壤全磷的比例为35.90%—67.27%,主导着退耕后湿地土壤全磷变化;有机磷占土壤全磷的17.82%—50.51%,在退耕2a后下降,随后开始逐渐上升,对退耕后湿地土壤磷库恢复的贡献逐渐增加;其中Fe-P、O-P和Al-P控制着退耕后土壤磷素有效性变化。退耕后水文条件、植被生长和土壤黏粒含量变化不仅影响退耕后湿地土壤磷素组分特征,也影响着退耕后湿地土壤磷素有效性。     

Phosphorus characteristics correlate with soil fertility of albic luvisols

The information on phosphorus (P) characteristics of albic luvisols and their effect on plant P uptake is limited. Twelve soils representing typical albic luvisols were collected from farmland of four regions in northeast China, each with various levels of soil fertility. Phosphorus fractions, P adsorption and P supply capacity of the soils were analysed and were correlated with soil fertility and plant P nutrition. Total P in these soils ranged from 0.62–0.91 g kg^–1, and comprised 37–51% organic P, and 49–63% in inorganic forms among which the percentage of occluded P was the greatest, followed by Fe-P, Ca-P, Al-P and loosely bound P was the lowest (<1%). Whereas the % of organic P was not clearly affected by fertility, the % of occluded P increased with fertility. By contrast, both % and contents of other P forms decreased with decreasing soil fertility. Soil P adsorption maxima calculated from Langmuir isotherm ranged from 484 to 912 mg kg^–1. Soils with low fertility had the strongest P adsorption, and those with medium fertility had the weakest in all collection regions. The supply capacity of P was positively related to soil fertility. Plant growth correlated positively with P forms with available P correlating best, followed by Fe-P and P supply capacity. Organic C correlated with available P, Fe-P, total P, Al-P and P supply capacity but not with organic P. The results suggest that though the albic luvisols contained high total P, they had low P availability, and P application is required for optimal crop production on these soils.     

定位施肥对紫色菜园土磷素状况的影响

基于紫色菜园土壤莴笋-白菜轮作3a的12季连续定位施肥试验,研究施肥对土壤磷素状况的影响。结果表明,在紫色土上以化肥为基础增施有机肥(泥炭或菜籽粕)既提高土壤磷含量,又增加无机磷组分中有效磷源和缓效磷源的比例,且不会增加磷素淋失的风险,是所有处理中最优者;增磷、增钾处理虽然提高了土壤磷含量,但未能提高速效磷源与缓效磷源的比例;增氮、增硼及常规施肥降低土壤磷含量和提高无效磷源的比例;无肥处理磷含量最低,无效磷源比例最高。紫色菜园土无机磷约为有机磷的4—6倍,无机磷各组分以钙磷为主,占I-P总量的60.89%—67.92%,显示紫色土风化程度较低。各形态磷素呈Ca10-P>Ca8-P>Fe-P≈Al-P≈OC-P>Ca2-P序列变化,其中Ca2-P和Al-P总共仅占无机磷总量的11.47%—19.43%,表明紫色土中对植物最有效的磷源不足;而Ca10-P和OC-P共占无机磷总量的42.48%—59.55%,意味着紫色土无机磷有一半左右是以作物不可利用的形态存在的。紫色土全磷与无机磷、有机磷、Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P、OC-P及Ca10-P呈显著正相关;无机磷与多种形态磷呈显著正相关(除有机磷、Ca2-P、有效磷外);有机磷与全磷、Ca2-P显著正相关;有效磷与全磷、Ca2-P、Al-P、Fe-P显著正相关;无机磷组分间也都存在显著正相关关系(OC-P与Ca10-P间有极显著正相关,但它们与其它无机磷组分无相关性)。表明在土壤磷的整个循环系统中,不同组分无机磷与有机磷之间处于一个动态平衡中,它们之间存在着相互影响和制约。土壤pH与各形态磷关系密切。对土壤有效磷与无机磷组分间的关系进行系统分析,简单相关分析结果土壤有效磷与Ca2-P、Fe-P呈极显著正相关,与Al-P呈显著正相关,与Ca8-P、OC-P、Ca10-P正相关但不显著;通径分析结果对土壤有效磷直接影响较大的无机磷组分是Al-P、Ca8-P与Ca2-P,其中Ca8-P的直接影响为负效应;逐步回归分析结果与通径分析一致。综合分析得出,Ca2-P、Al-P是最有效的磷源,Fe-P、Ca8-P次之,Ca10-P与OC-P是非有效磷源。莴笋和白菜产量与紫色土壤Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P呈显著正相关,与OC-P、Ca10-P无相关性。紫色土各形态无机磷与两种蔬菜产量的相关系数r大小依次为Ca2-P>Fe-P>AL-P>Ca8-P>Ca10-P>OC-P,这与各形态无机磷与有效磷简单相关分析的结果一致。     

长期施肥对石灰性土壤磷素肥力的影响 Ⅱ.无机磷和有机磷

采用蒋柏藩-顾益初无机磷分级方法和灼烧法、Bowman-Cole的土壤有机磷分组方法,研究了定位试验23年的0～100cm土壤无机磷和有机磷的形态组成.结果表明,无机磷含量为厩肥>休闲>化肥>低秸>高秸>中秸>无肥.不同施肥处理土壤无机磷各组分的IP_i值呈现以下特点:Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P的IP_i值较低,Ca₁₀-P、Fe-P、O-P的IP_i值较高.与无肥处理的无机磷各组分IP_i值相比,厩肥与休闲处理Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P的IP_i值显著增大,Ca₁₀-P、Fe-P、O-P的IP_i值减小,其中以Ca₁₀-P的IP_i值减小较大.单施化肥处理Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P、O-P的IP_i值也增大,Ca₁₀-P、Fe-P的IP_i值减小,显示长期单施化肥不仅可明显提高Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P含量,而且对O-P的增长有显著作用.3种秸秆处理基本上呈现Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、AlP的IP_i值增大,Ca₁₀-P、Fe-P、O-P的IP_i值减小趋势.从就有效磷(Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P)含量而言,厩肥处理高于化肥处理,而单施化肥处理高于玉米秸秆处理.玉米秸秆配施化肥可显著增加土壤有机磷含量.对土壤有机磷库的贡献,玉米秸秆处理大于厩肥处理.施入有机肥,可增加土壤有机磷各组分的含量,而化肥则主要是促进土壤稳定性有机磷向活性、中活性有机磷转化.长期不施肥处理的土     

Reducing phosphorus release from paddy soils by a fly ash-gypsum mixture

A mixture of fly ash and phospho-gypsum (50:50, wtwt(-1)) was selected to study its potential to supply Ca and Si to rice while reducing B toxicity. We expected that the high Ca content in this mixture might convert water-soluble P to less soluble forms and thereby reduce the loss of soil P to surface runoff. The mixture was applied at rates of 0, 20, 40, and 60 Mgha(-1) in two paddy soils of contrasting textures (silt loam in Yehari and loamy sand in Daegok). The mixture significantly reduced water-soluble phosphate (W-P) in the surface soils by shifting from W-P and iron bound-P (Fe-P) to calcium bound-P (Ca-P) and aluminum bound-P (Al-P) during rice cultivation in both soils. Lancaster and Mehlich 3 extractable P increased significantly with application rate due to high contents of P and Si in the mixture. Mixtures of fly ash and phospho-gypsum should reduce P loss from rice paddy soils and increase soil fertility.     

百花湖消落带土壤磷释放的模拟研究

为探讨贵州省百花湖(水库)消落带土壤磷的释放状况,采用实验室模拟法研究了不同消落带土壤和环境条件变化对百花湖消落带土壤磷释放的影响,分析磷的释放量与磷赋存形态的关系。结果表明:未淹的黄壤释磷量最大,砂石壤最低;温度升高,土壤中磷的释放强度随之增大;扰动上覆水比静置条件下更有利于磷的释放;酸性和碱性条件下土壤磷的释放量略高于中性条件,且碱性条件下最高;厌氧条件比好氧条件更能加速磷释放;不同形态磷与土壤磷释放量有不同程度相关,其中有机磷(OP)与磷的释放极显著相关;与铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)和钙结合态磷(Ca-P)显著性相关。     

Temperature Dependence of Methane Production in Tropical Rice Soils

Although CH 4 production is sensitive to temperature, it is not clear how temperature controls CH 4 production directly versus the production of organic substrates that methanogens convert into CH 4 . Therefore, this study was done to better understand how CH 4 production in rice paddy soil responded to temperature when the process was not limited by the availability of substrates. In a laboratory-incubation study using three Indian rice soils under flooded conditions, the effect of temperature on CH 4 production was examined. CH 4 production in acid sulphate, laterite, and alluvial soil samples under flooded conditions distinctly increased with increase in temperature from 15°C to 35°C. Laterite and acid sulphate soils produced distinctly less CH 4 than alluvial soils. CO 2 production increased with increase in temperature in all the soils. The readily mineralizable carbon C and Fe 2+ contents in soils were least at 15°C and highest at 35°C, irrespective of soil type. Likewise, a significant correlation existed between microbial population (methanogens and sulphate reducers) and CH 4 production. Comparing the temperature coefficients ( Q 10 ) for methane production within each soil type at low (15°C-25°C) and medium (25°C-35°C) temperature intervals revealed that these values were not uniform for both alluvial and laterite soils. But acid sulphate soil had Q 10 values that were near 2 at both temperature intervals. When these soil samples were amended with substrates (acetate, H 2 -CO 2 , and rice straw), there were stimulatory effects on methane production rates and consequently on the Q 10 values. The pattern of temperature coefficients was characteristic of the soil type and the nature of substrates used for amendment.     

A laboratory method for assessment of nitrogen availability in soils

Summary The nitrogen availability index determined as nitric acid potential gave significant correlations with the yield of bajra, wheat and rice crops in experiments conducted on alluvial soils of Delhi at the IARI Farm. The coefficient of correlation was also the highest when data from similar experiments on wheat on alluvial, grey brown, sierozem and medium black soils from different places in India were pooled. It was found that the nitric acid potential seems to be independent of soil type and is also applicable to various agroclimatic conditions.     

不同施肥模式下稻田土壤微生物生物量磷对土壤有机碳和磷素变化的响应

通过15年的红壤稻田长期定位试验,研究了不同施肥模式下土壤微生物生物量磷(MB-P)对土壤有机碳和磷素变化的响应.结果表明红壤稻田有机碳源的长期投入和土壤有机碳的逐年升高使土壤微生物生物量碳(MB-C)维持在较高水平(＞800 mg·kg-1),是稻田土壤MB-P(＞16.0 mg·kg-1)提高的主要原因.长期不施磷肥条件下,土壤全磷含量与试验前相比显著降低(P＜0.05),而土壤有机磷含量平均提高了29.3%;土壤亏损的磷形态主要是无机磷(Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P和O-P),其中Al-P含量处于最低水平(平均0.5 mg·kg-1).另外,长期不施磷肥土壤的MB-P远高于Olsen法提取态磷(Olsen-P)(＜7.0 mg·kg-1),而稻田土壤MB-P与Al-P呈显著相关(P＜0.05),表明土壤微生物对稻田土壤Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P和O-P的利用是促进其向有效磷方向转化的关键途径.磷肥配合有机养分循环利用不仅提高了土壤磷库的积累,而且通过土壤微生物的活化有效地提高了土壤磷的有效性.     

底栖藻类对消落带土壤中各形态磷的影响

为揭示底栖藻类对三峡库区消落带淹没初期土壤中不同形态磷的影响作用,开展了相关的模拟实验。结果表明,在模拟的底栖藻类影响条件下,消落带土壤中铝磷（Al-P）的含量在实验期间处于波动状态,Al-P相对于其余形态的磷更易于被藻类吸收利用,且与藻类生长存在密切相关,即底栖藻类生长状态较好时,土壤中Al-P呈现下降趋势;而生长状态较差时,土壤中Al-P又出现略微上升的趋势。在实验后期土壤中Al-P含量上升,可能是其余形态的磷转化而来。底栖藻类的生长对不同深度土壤中铁磷（Fe-P）的影响不同,其生长对2-4 cm层土壤的影响较大,而对其余层影响不大。不同深度土壤中闭蓄态磷（O-P）和钙磷（Ca-P）含量差异不明显。实验后期Fe-P、O-P和Ca-P含量一直呈现下降的趋势,只有Al-P在后期出现上升的趋势,说明在淹水条件和底栖藻类生物膜共同作用下,土壤磷的有效性提高,土壤中难溶性磷向易溶性磷转化。       

山东寿光不同利用方式下农田土壤有机质和氮磷钾状况及其变化

通过对山东省寿光市不同利用方式下土壤相关性质的比较,探讨了农田土壤有机质和氮磷钾含量状况,并分析了设施菜地种植年限与有机质、全量氮磷含量的相互关系.研究结果表明:山东寿光农田土壤有机质和全量氮磷含量与第二次土壤普查时比较均有较大幅度增加,其中以设施菜地增加幅度最大,分别达120%、160%和364%,但全钾含量的增加幅度很小、仅为17.5%;不同利用方式比较,设施菜地土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量均明显高于露天菜地、小麦/玉米地及棉花地,而全钾含量则低于小麦/玉米地和棉花地;从养分含量的分级结果看,设施菜地有机质、全量氮磷钾含量主要分布于>20g · kg-1、>1.2g · kg-1、>1.0 g · kg-1、20～25g · kg-1的级别中;设施菜地种植年限与土壤有机质、全量氮磷含量变化间有显著相关性,且均可用Y=a+bX+cX2的形式来表示,即随种植年限增加,有机质与氮磷含量首先呈逐步增加的趋势,并分别在第9.6年、8.9年和11.4年时达到最高值,之后则有随种植年限延长而下降的趋势.