线艺建兰的组织培养和快速繁殖(简报)

以线艺建兰茎尖、腋芽为外植体,接种在1/2MS 6-BA 3.0mg/L NAA 0.3mg/L培养基上形成原球茎,原球茎在1/2MS 6-BA 0.1mg/L NAA 1.0mg/L培养基上可大量增殖,并伸长生长形成丛生型根状茎;根状茎在MS 6-BA 2.0mg/L PP333 1.0mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L培养基上可分化成小苗,分化率达46.3%;小苗在MS IBA 1.0mg/L GA 0.5mg/L 香蕉泥100g/L的培养基上生根壮苗,生根率达100%.     

植物生长调节剂对花叶开唇兰原球茎增殖和分化的影响

应用正交设计法探讨3种植物生长调节剂对花叶开唇兰原球茎增殖和分化的影响。结果表明,6-BA对原球茎增殖和分化作用显著,NAA和KT作用不显著;原球茎增殖最佳培养基为改良KC+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.5 mg/L+KT 0.2 mg/L,原球茎分化最佳培养基为改良KC+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L。     

大花蕙兰组培快繁技术研究

选用大花蕙兰杂交新品种1053为外植体,采用1/2MS为基本培养基进行大花蕙兰组培快繁技术研究,结果表明：类原球茎诱导的最佳外植体为大花蕙兰鳞茎,培养基最佳激素浓度配比为0.5 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L NAA;类原球茎增殖与分化芽最佳激素浓度配比为1.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.3 mg/L NAA;幼芽增殖的最佳激素浓度配比为2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.5 mg/L NAA,最佳有机添加物为150 ml/L椰汁,幼芽增殖正交试验得出影响因素主次顺序：6-BA〉椰汁添加物〉NAA,优组合为2 mg/L 6-BA、0.5 mg/L NAA、添加物椰汁150 ml/L;诱导生根的最佳激素浓度配比为0.3 mg/L IBA＋0.2 mg/L NAA,添加香蕉泥100 g/L对幼苗根生长有显著的促进作用。优化后的大花蕙兰组培快繁技术参数,可为大规模工厂化生产提供参考。     

"东湖早"枇杷的组织培养(简报)

以“东湖早”枇杷的幼胚为外植体,在B5 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L培养基上诱导愈伤组织,经继代培养基B5 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L培养后,置于B5 6-BA 1.5 mg/L培养基上诱导分化,产生不定芽。将幼苗切段转接到MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基上进行增殖培养,繁殖系数为3~5。待芽长2~3cm时再分切成单株于1/2MS NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基上,可正常生根。     

大花斑叶兰种子无菌萌发及快繁技术研究

对大花斑叶兰（Goodyera biflora）成熟种子无菌萌发、原球茎分化及根诱导进行了研究。结果表明：黑暗或弱光照培养有利于大花斑叶兰种子萌发,而较强的光照对形成健壮的原球茎有利;1/2MS＋NAA0.2mg/L培养基较为适合大花斑叶兰种子的萌发;MS＋KT1.0mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L＋活性炭2.0g/L对原球茎增殖形成类原球茎有较好效果;1/2MS＋6-BA2.0mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L＋2.0g/L活性炭对根诱导效果较为理想。     

树兰离体培养和植株再生(简报)

以树兰茎尖、侧芽为外植体,接种在VW＋6-BA 3.0mg／L＋NAA 0.5mg／L培养基上形成原球茎,原球茎转入VW＋BA 2.0mg／L＋NAA 0.2mg／L培养基中可大量增殖并分化成小苗,小苗在1／2MS＋NAA 0.5mg／L＋蛋白胨3g/L,培养基中壮苗与生根,生根率选100％。     

蚊净香草快速繁殖研究

以蚊净香草嫩叶和叶柄为外植体进行培养,筛选合适的外植体与诱导、增殖和生根的最佳培养基。结果表明,叶片外植体在MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L培养基最适于诱导愈伤组织和不定芽;MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.3mg/L培养基有利于不定芽增殖;无根苗在含有低浓度无机盐和生长素水平的生根培养基上易生根,生根率高达100%。     

达摩兰组织培养适宜培养基的研究

以达摩兰的原种苗茎段为外植体进行组织培养研究,筛选出最适培养基(1)原球茎诱导:MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+香蕉肉250 g/L;(2)丛生芽诱导:1/2 MS+6-BA 3 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+AC 2.5 g/L+蔗糖3%+香蕉肉200 g/L;(3)芽增殖:1/2 MS+6-BA 3 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+AC 2.5 g/L+蔗糖3%+香蕉肉150 g/L;(4)根诱导:1/2 MS+6-BA 0.3 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+AC 2.5 g/L+蔗糖3%。采用珍珠岩、细石与树皮的混合物为培养基质,移栽成活率达95%以上。     

铁皮石斛无菌播种产业化繁育技术研究

以铁皮石斛的蒴果为外植体,采用种子→原球茎→完整植株→移栽的途径快速成苗进行工厂化生产,对各阶段培养基进行筛选,以及其他一些影响因子进行比较研究。结果表明:人工授粉后生长60～180d的铁皮石斛种子在离体条件下均能萌发,其中授粉150～180d种子的萌发效果最好,萌发率为87.2%～94.4%,适宜的萌发培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+马铃薯汁200g/L+AC 1.0g/L;原球茎增殖的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+香蕉汁100g/L+AC 1.0g/L,繁殖系数约为20倍/50d;原球茎在MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+马铃薯汁200g/L+AC 1.0g/L培养基上进行分化培养,分化的同时还能进行一定的增殖;将已分化的芽苗转接到壮苗培养MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L+香蕉汁100g/L+AC 1.0g/L上培养1代后,转接到生根培养基1/2MS+NAA 0.8mg/L+无机盐A 0.2～0.5mg/L+香蕉汁100g/L+AC 1.0g/L上,培养50～70d后,生根率100%,无机盐A可以有效地控制愈伤或原球茎的形成,明显提高生根苗的数量和质量。在桂林地区,生根苗以3～5月和9～10为最佳移栽期,以通过高温处理并堆沤腐熟的松树皮为基质,移栽成活率可达90%。     

Study on technology of aseptic sowing and rapid propagation of Demdrobium officinale

以铁皮石斛的蒴果为外植体,采用种子→原球茎→完整植株→移栽的途径快速成苗进行工厂化生产,对各阶段培养基进行筛选,以及其他一些影响因子进行比较研究.结果表明:人工授粉后生长60～180 d的铁皮石斛种子在离体条件下均能萌发,其中授粉150～180 d种子的萌发效果最好,萌发率为87.2%～94.4%,适宜的萌发培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+马铃薯汁200 g/L+AC 1.0 g/L;原球茎增殖的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+香蕉汁100 g/L+AC 1.0 g/L,繁殖系数约为20倍/50 d;原球茎在MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+马铃薯汁200 g/L+AC 1.0 g/L培养基上进行分化培养,分化的同时还能进行一定的增殖;将已分化的芽苗转接到壮苗培养MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+香蕉汁100 g/L+AC 1.0 g/L上培养1代后,转接到生根培养基1/2MS+NAA 0.8 mg/L+无机盐A 0.2～0.5 mg/L +香蕉汁100 g/L+AC 1.0 g/L上,培养50～70 d后,生根率100%,无机盐A可以有效地控制愈伤或原球茎的形成,明显提高生根苗的数量和质量.在桂林地区,生根苗以3～5月和9～10为最佳移栽期,以通过高温处理并堆沤腐熟的松树皮为基质,移栽成活率可达90%.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism