中国蔷薇科一新属--多蕊石灰树属

技术了中国蔷薇科一新属,多蕊石灰树属和属下的唯一分类单位多蕊石灰树。在新分类群描述了基础上,据形态学资料对其进行了初步的系统学讨论。     

甜菜树属（中国山柚子科新纪录属）一新种

小乔木;小枝无毛。单叶互生,革质或肉质,无毛。花单性,雌雄异株,排成圆锥花序,花序轴纤细,具乳头状小突起,微被毛;花序多着生在主干上,少数着生在小枝上或小枝上部的叶腋;花4(-5);雄花单1或3—5簇生于苞片腋;花丝短,贴生于花被片基部;花药较大;花盘肉质微裂,类似退化的子房;雌花平生于苞腋,有时3—5簇生,具短梗。核果椭圆形,长卵形或倒卵形,长2.3—4厘米,果皮薄,厚1.5     

花楸属一新种——天堂花楸

本新种与黄山花楸(Sorbus amabilis Cheng ex Yü)近缘,区别在于前者羽状小叶6～7对,边缘圆钝锯齿,托叶宽披针形,花部雄蕊20枚,10长,10短,复伞房果序排列紧密,果多达160～195粒。     

花楸属复叶组植物倍性水平及基因组大小变异

为探究花楸属复叶组（Sorbus sect. Sorbus）植物的倍性和基因组大小变异,以水稻品种日本晴（Oryza sativa subsp. japonica ‘Nipponbare’）为内标植物,应用流式细胞术对植物体细胞所含的DNA含量进行测定。结果表明：19种植物的基因组大小为0.648～0.803 pg,有二、三、四倍体3种倍性水平,其中二倍体植物有15种,2C值为1.335～1.607 pg;三倍体仅喜马拉雅花楸（S. himalaica）1种,2C值为2.137 pg;白毛花楸（S. albopilosa）、西康花楸（S. prattii）和假川滇花楸（S. pseudovilmorinii）为四倍体,2C值分别为2.594、2.891、2.751 pg。首次报道了16种花楸属植物的2C值,并报道了5种植物新的倍性水平,表明花楸属植物在种间及种内均存在倍性变化。     

山茶属—新组──柱蕊茶组

山茶属—新组──柱蕊茶组闵天禄（中国科学院昆明植物研究所，昆明６５０２０４）ＳＥＣＴ．ＣＹＬＩＮＤＲＩＣＡ，ＯＮＥＮＥＷＳＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＧＥＮＵＳＣＡＭＥＬＬＩＡ（ＴＨＥＡＣＥＡＥ）￥ＭＩＮＧＴｉｅｎ－Ｌｕ（ＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏ...     

丫蕊花属——陕西省百合科一新记录属

报道了陕西省百合科一新记录属——丫蕊花属(Ypsilandra Franch.),其新记录种为丫蕊花(Ypsilandra thibetica Franch.)。提供了形态描述和野外照片,凭证标本藏于陕西理工大学植物标本馆。     

长蕊草属——四川峨眉山唇形科植物一新属

长蕊草属　新属ＣｈａｎｇｒｕｉｃａｏｉａＺ .Ｙ .Ｚｈｕ ,ｇｅｎ .ｎｏｖ .Ｈｅｒｂａｐｅｒｅｎｎｉｓ;ｒｈｉｚｏｍａｒｏｂｕｓｔｕｍｐｒｏｃｕｍｂｅｎｓ.Ｃａｕｌｉｓｒｅｃｔｕｓｑｕａｄｒａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓｑｕａｄｒｉｓｕｌｃａｔｕｓｓｕｐｒａｒａｍｏｓｕｓ.Ｆｏｌｉａｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｒｉａｖｅｌｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｒｉ-ｃｏｒｄａｔａｕｓｑｕｅｃｏｒｄａｔａ ,ｍａｒｇｉｎｅｃｒａｓｓｅｄｅｎｔａｔａ,ｓｕｂ ｔｕｓｐｌｅｒｕｍｑｕｅｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ ,ｌｏｎｇｉｕｓｐｅｔｉｏｌａｔａ .Ｉｎｆｌｏｒｅｓｃ…     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之一——筛蕊属的订正研究

本文对产于中国的筛蕊属地衣在形态与化学方面进行了比较研究,订正了文献中一些错误鉴定及分布方面的错误记载。研究结果表明,筛蕊属地衣在中国只有一种,即聚筛蕊:Cladia aggregata (Sw.) Nyl.。其主要特征为拟果柄不肿胀,分枝多,筛孔少而排列不整齐以及只含有巴巴酸等。至于云南的变种straminea实际上为一生态型,无分类学意义。浙江的Cetraria aculeata Fr.为聚筛蕊的错误鉴定。根据现有知识,本种分布区的北界在朝鲜为北纬38°,在日本为北纬37°,在中国为北纬31°,而非北纬44°(黑龙江虎林)。     

长苞刺蕊草,印度刺蕊草属(唇形科)植物一新记录种

报道了印度唇形科刺蕊草属一新记录种:长苞刺蕊草,该种在印度产于阿萨姆邦,凭证标本保存于英国皇家植物园爱丁堡植物园标本馆(E)。在形态特征上,该种与中国特有的北刺蕊草相似,但其茎叶被糙硬毛、花萼呈近管状等特征与之相异。     

花楸属3种植物的基因组大小与叶气孔特征分析

以糍粑沟花楸(Sorbus cibagouensis H.Peng&Z.J.Yin)、大理花楸(S.hypoglauca(Cardot)Hand.-Mazz.)和川滇花楸(S.vilmorinii C.K.Schneid.)为材料,采用流式细胞术对其基因组大小及倍性进行检测分析,同时应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对其气孔特征进行观察。结果显示,3种花楸属植物的基因组大小和倍性、气孔特征均存在一定差异。糍粑沟花楸、大理花楸和川滇花楸的基因组大小分别为:(1.480±0.039)pg、(1.513±0.041)pg、(2.675±0.065)pg,在此基础上推断糍粑沟花楸和大理花楸为二倍体、川滇花楸为四倍体植物。显微镜观测发现:3种花楸属植物的气孔器均分布于叶的下表皮,气孔不下陷,保卫细胞无“T”型加厚结构,气孔类型为无规则形;糍粑沟花楸和川滇花楸的气孔器外拱盖光滑,而大理花楸气孔器外拱盖具有短棒状蜡质纹饰;3种植物的气孔器大小存在极显著差异。研究结果表明花楸属植物的基因组大小与倍性呈显著正相关,可用于推断植物的倍性;而气孔器大小和密度与倍性的相关性不大,但气孔特性在种间变化显著,可为种的鉴定提供科学的理论依据。     

Pleiosorbus is united with Sorbus (Rosaceae)

The monotypic genus Pleiosorbus is reduced to the synonymy of Sorbus. The new name Sorbus medogensis is proposed.     

贵州蓑藓属一新种

There are species of Macromitrium in Guizhou province China. Among them, 2 species are endemic species, M.cavalerier Card &; Ther. and M.fortu natii Card &; Ther. During a recent re-examination of some Macromitrium specime ns from this region. A taxon closely related to species of the M. ferriei Card &; Ther. was found to be different from any known species of Macromitrium and is described here as a new species.......     

Microsatellite primers for Sorbus torminalis and related species

This study reports the cloning and characterization of nine microsatellite primer pairs in a scattered woody species (Sorbus torminalis), and shows their potential for further use in 36 species of the Maloideae, a Rosaceae subfamily containing important fruit crop and ornamental species. These primers were designed from a microsatellite library constructed from genomic DNA of S. torminalis and enriched for CA and GA repeats. Genotyping 48 S. torminalis of a natural population with the six best markers yielded a mean of 10.7 alleles per locus, and an expectation of exclusion probability for paternity analysis greater than 0.993.     

Population structure at the S-locus of Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae: Maloideae)

Low sequence divergence within functional alleles is predicted for the self-incompatibility locus because of strong negative frequency-dependent selection. Nevertheless, sequence variation within functional alleles is essential for current models of the evolution of new mating types. We genotyped the stylar self-incompatibility RNase of 20 Sorbus aucuparia from a population in the Pyrenees mountains of France in order to compare alleles found there to those previously sampled in a Belgian population. Both populations returned 20 different alleles from samples of 20 individuals, providing maximum-likelihood estimates of 24.4 (95% CI 20-34) alleles in each. Ten alleles occurred in both samples. The maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the overlap in the alleles present in both populations was 16, meaning that an estimated eight alleles are private to each population, and a total of 32 alleles occur across the two populations examined. We used Fisher's (1961) missing plot method to estimate that 40 alleles occur in the species. In accord with population genetics theory, we observed at most one synonymous sequence difference between copies of alleles sampled from the different populations and no variation within populations. Phylogenetic analysis shows that nearly every allele in S. aucuparia arose prior to divergence of this species from members of three different genera of the Rosaceae subfamily, Maloideae. Lack of observable sequence variation within alleles, coupled with the slow pace of allelic relative to taxonomic diversification, implies that finding intermediate stages in the process of new allele creation will be difficult in this group.     

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of the Chinese endemic species Sorbus setschwanensis (Rosaceae) and its phylogenetic analysis

Sorbus setschwanensis Koehne is a pinnate-leaved Sorbus s.str. species endemic to China with narrow distribution and intriguing phylogeny that needs wider attention. In this paper, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. setschwanensis is reported, and its phylogenetic position is analyzed. The complete cp genome of S. setschwanensis is 160 064 bp in size with 36.50% GC content. It has a typical quadripartite structure including a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 26 378 bp that separates a large single copy (LSC) region of 86 013 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 19 295 bp. The cp genome encodes 108 genes, comprising 76 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. Additionally, 52 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 43 dispersed repeats were identified. Comparison of the whole cp genome with those of other Sorbus species showed an overall high degree of sequence similarity, but there are six highly variable regions (trnR-atpA, petN-psbM, ndhC-trnV, trnE-trnT, trnT-trnL and rpl32-trnL) located in intergenic spacers that may be useful as molecular markers in future population genetic and phylogenetic studies in the genus. Phylogenetic analyses based on 108 coding genes from 25 species in Rosaceae revealed that S. setschwanensis is nested within Sorbus sect. Sorbus together with other pinnately leaved species, but does not form a sister lineage to S. rufopilosa belonging to the same series Multijugae. Thus, the systematic position of S. setschwanensis and relationships with other species in the genus needs to be further studied.     

When sexual meets apomict: genome size,ploidy level and reproductive mode variation of Sorbus aria s.l. and S. austriaca (Rosaceae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Background and Aims Allopolyploidy and intraspecific heteroploid crosses are associated, in certain groups, with changes in the mating system. The genus Sorbus represents an appropriate model to study the relationships between ploidy and reproductive mode variations. Diploid S. aria and tetraploid apomictic S. austriaca were screened for ploidy and mating system variations within pure and sympatric populations in order to gain insights into their putative causalities.Methods Flow cytometry was used to assess genome size and ploidy level among 380 S. aria s.l. and S. austriaca individuals from Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 303 single-seed flow cytometric seed screenings being performed to identify their mating system. Pollen viability and seed set were also determined.Key Results Flow cytometry confirmed the presence of di-, tri- and tetraploid cytotype mixtures in mixed-ploidy populations of S. aria and S. austriaca. No ploidy variation was detected in single-species populations. Diploid S. aria mother plants always produced sexually originated seeds, whereas tetraploid S. austriaca as well as triploid S. aria were obligate apomicts. Tetraploid S. aria preserved sexuality in a low portion of plants. A tendency towards a balanced 2m : 1p parental genome contribution to the endosperm was shared by diploids and tetraploids, regardless of their sexual or asexual origin. In contrast, most triploids apparently tolerated endosperm imbalance.Conclusions Coexistence of apomictic tetraploids and sexual diploids drives the production of novel polyploid cytotypes with predominantly apomictic reproductive modes. The data suggest that processes governing cytotype diversity and mating system variation in Sorbus from Bosnia and Herzegovina are probably parallel to those in other diversity hotspots of this genus. The results represent a solid contribution to knowledge of the reproduction of Sorbus and will inform future investigations of the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in triggering and regulating cytotype diversity and alteration of reproductive modes.     

国产蔷薇科绣线菊亚科的花粉形态

本文报道了国产蔷薇科绣线菊亚科(Spiraeoideae)8属9种植物花粉形态。该亚科花粉近球形,极面观三裂圆形。花粉通常较小,最小花粉见于Spiraeapurpurea,为1487(1275～1658)μm×1517(1275～1734)μm,其中Physocarpusamurensis的花粉比较大,为2797(1989～3825)μm×3091(2677～3366)μm。三孔沟,内孔为长方形,部分种内孔明显外突。沟较长,两端较窄,在Physocarpusamurensis观察到合沟现象。合沟出现时通常三沟在一极汇合,在另一极常不汇合。花粉外壁具穴状、条纹-穴状、条纹-网状、条纹状等数种纹饰。迄今为止,在Rosaceae观察到的所有花粉外壁纹饰中,除较为特化的刺状纹外,其余纹饰在该亚科均存在。在Rosaceae所有的花粉外壁纹饰中,穴状纹饰可能是较为原始的类型,条纹状-网状和条纹状依次是较为进化的,而刺状是最进化的纹饰。在Spiraea中,外壁纹饰有相对进化的条纹-网状和条纹状,然而未观察到穴状这一最原始类型,这表明该属及其属下种的分化程度可能较高。但因Spiraea所含种数较大,这一推论有待进一步深入论证。此外,花粉形态特征支持Takhtajan(1997)关于Spiraeoideae亚科下族与属的排序。     

Das gelbmosaik der eberesche (Sorbus aucuparia L.)

An Ebereschen (Sorbus aucuparia L.) wurden Blätter mit leuchtend gelben Flecken und Rändern sowie vollständig vergilbte Blätter beobachtet. Diese Symptome konnten durch Rinderschiidpfropfung auf gesunde Sämlinge von 5. aucuparia übertragen werden, nicht jedoch auf andere Gehölzarten. Die mechanische Übertragung eines Virus von kranken S. aucuparia‐Sämlingen auf krautige Testpflanzen gelang nicht. In kranken Blattgeweben konnten auch keine virus‐ oder phytoplasmaähnlichen Partikeln festgestellt werden.     

国产蔷薇科蔷薇亚科的花粉形态

对国产蔷薇科（Ｒｏｓａｃｅａｅ） 蔷薇亚科（Ｒｏｓｏｉｄｅａｅ） １０ 属１２ 种植物的花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜观察。本亚科花粉呈单粒存在, 花粉近球形至长球形, 极面观常呈三裂圆形, 赤道面观椭圆形至圆形。花粉大小为（１６－０６μｍ ～３１－８８μｍ） ×（１５－３０μｍ ～３５－７０μｍ） 。三孔沟, 内孔为长方形, 沟较长, 两端较窄。其中, 矮地榆Ｓａｎｇｕｉｓｏｒｂａ ｆｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ 的花粉形态较为特殊, 每条沟的中部特别宽, 向两端则逐渐变窄, 形成近乎菱形图案, 并且在沟的中央覆盖着近椭圆形的沟膜, 将沟部分隔开来。从而在光镜下, 其极面观为不等的六裂圆形。但该种花粉依然属于３ 孔沟类型。花粉外壁在扫描电镜下见有穴状、皱波或疣状－ 穴状、条纹－ 穴状、条纹－ 网状、条纹状、刺状、条纹－ 刺状等纹饰变化。与外部形态特征和染色体基数复杂化相适应, 本亚科的外壁纹饰与其余亚科相比变化也最为多样。本文在对Ｒｏｓｏｉｄｅａｅ 的部分国产属种进行花粉形态报道的同时, 也对一些有关系统学问题进行了讨论。